From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1919 .
1919 (
MCMXIX ) was a
common year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Julian calendar , the 1919th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 919th year of the
2nd millennium , the 19th year of the
20th century , and the 10th and last year of the
1910s decade. As of the start of 1919, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January
January 1 :
Iolaire sinks.
January 1
The
Czechoslovak Legions occupy much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of
Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing its incorporation into the new republic of
Czechoslovakia .
[1]
HMY Iolaire sinks off the coast of the Hebrides; 201 people, mostly servicemen returning home to Lewis and Harris, are killed.
[2]
January 2 –
22 –
Russian Civil War : The
Red Army 's
Caspian-Caucasian Front begins the
Northern Caucasus Operation against the
White Army , but fails to make progress.
January 3 – The
Faisal–Weizmann Agreement is signed by
Emir Faisal (representing the Arab
Kingdom of Hejaz ) and
Zionist leader
Chaim Weizmann , for Arab–Jewish cooperation in the development of a Jewish homeland in
Palestine , and an Arab nation in a large part of the
Middle East .
January 5 – In Germany:
January 7 –
Estonian War of Independence : With
Soviet Russian forces just 40 km outside of the capital
Tallinn ,
Estonian forces start a general and successful counter-offensive against the
Red Army .
January 8 – The funeral of
Theodore Roosevelt , 26th
President of the United States , is held at Christ Church Oyster Bay, Long Island; Roosevelt had died in his sleep at the age of 60, two days earlier.
[4]
January 8 –
22 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front: The
Red Army attacks and defeats the White
Don Army under
Pyotr Krasnov in the
Voronezh–Povorino Operation .
January 9
Friedrich Ebert orders the
Freikorps into action in Berlin.
Estonian War of Independence :
Estonian forces
liberate
Tapa from the
Red Army .
[5]
On 9 January 1919, a group of socialist and liberal deputies, tabled a motion to make Luxembourg a republic. A crowd gathered at the barracks of the
Corps of Volunteers , close to the Chamber. Then
Émile Servais , a left-wing politician, walked out, addressed the crowd and demanded a republic. The crowd then rushed the Chamber and the deputies called in the Corps of Volunteers but the soldiers refused the orders to disperse the crowd. Part of the deputies then fled the Chamber. The remaining deputies, mainly left-wing,
Committee of Public Safety with Servais as its leader. The committee had no public support and the
French Army under the command of General de La Tour soon quelled the turmoil.
[6]
January 10 –
12 – The Freikorps attacks Spartacist supporters around Berlin.
January 11
January 12 –
May 19 –
Russian Civil War : On the Southern Front, the
Armed Forces of South Russia under General
Anton Denikin fight against the
Red Army for the possession of the strategic region of the
Donbass .
January 13 – Workers' councils in Berlin end the
general strike ; the Spartacist uprising is over.
January 14 –
Estonian War of Independence :
Estonian forces liberate
Tartu from the
Red Army .
January 15
January 16
January 18
January 19 –
28 –
Russian Civil War : The
Red Army begins the counter offensive in the
Perm area against the
White forces .
January 19
January 21 –
Dáil Éireann meets for the first time in the
Mansion House, Dublin . It comprises
Sinn Féin members elected in the
1918 general election who, in accordance with their
manifesto , have not taken their seats in the
Parliament of the United Kingdom , but chosen to declare an independent
Irish Republic . In the first shots of the
Anglo-Irish War , two
Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) men are
killed in an ambush at
Soloheadbeg in
Tipperary .
January 23 –
Khotyn Uprising : partisans capture the city of
Khotyn in Romania.
[11]
January 25 – The
League of Nations is founded in
Paris ,
France .
[12]
January 31 –
Battle of George Square : The
British Army is called in to deal with riots, during negotiations over working hours in
Glasgow , Scotland.
[13]
David Kirkwood being detained by police during the
Battle of George Square
February
March
April
May
May 1 –
May Day Riots break out in
Cleveland, Ohio ; 2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested.
May 2 –
Weimar Republic troops and the
Freikorps occupy
Munich and crush the
Bavarian Soviet Republic .
May 3 –
Amānullāh Khān attacks the British government in India.
May 4
May 6 – The
Third Anglo-Afghan War begins.
May 8 –
Edward George Honey proposes a moment of silence to commemorate the
Armistice of
World War I .
May 8 –
27 –
United States Navy
Curtiss
flying boat
NC-4 , commanded by
Albert Cushing Read , makes the first
transatlantic flight , from
Naval Air Station Rockaway to
Lisbon via
Trepassey ,
Newfoundland (departs
May 16 ) and the
Azores (arrives
May 17 ). (On
May 30 –
31 it flies on to
Plymouth in England.)
May 9 – In Belgium, a new electoral law introduces
universal manhood suffrage and gives the franchise to certain classes of women.
May 14 – The
University College of Wales, Aberystwyth , establishes probably the world's first chair in
International Politics , endowed by
David Davies and his sisters in honour of
Woodrow Wilson , with
Alfred Eckhard Zimmern as first professor.
[28]
May 15
May 17 – The Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose the
Winnipeg general strike .
May 19
May 23 – The
University of California opens its second campus in Los Angeles. Initially called
Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
May 25 –
Estonian War of Independence :
Estonian forces capture
Pskov from the
Red Army , and soon hand it over to the
White forces .
May 27
May 29
May 30 – By agreement with the United Kingdom, later confirmed by the
League of Nations , Belgium is given the
mandate over part of
German East Africa (
Ruanda-Urundi ).
June
"The Big Four" during the
Paris Peace Conference (from left to right,
David Lloyd George ,
Vittorio Orlando ,
Georges Clemenceau ,
Woodrow Wilson ).
June –
Earl W. Bascom , rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at
Lethbridge ,
Alberta , Canada, designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, which becomes the world standard.
June 2 –
1919 United States anarchist bombings : Eight mail bombs are sent to prominent figures.
June 4 –
Women's rights : The
United States Congress approves the
19th Amendment to the United States Constitution , which would guarantee
suffrage to women, and sends it to the states for ratification.
June 5 –
Estonian and
Latvian Wars of Independence : The advancing pro-German
Baltische Landeswehr initiates war against
Estonia in Northern
Latvia .
June 6 – The Hungarian Red Army attacks the
Republic of Prekmurje .
June 7
June 9 –
Russian Civil War :
Counteroffensive of Eastern Front : The Red army recaptures the city of
Ufa
June 14 –
15 – A
Vickers Vimy piloted by British aviator
John Alcock , with navigator
Arthur Whitten Brown , makes the first
nonstop transatlantic flight , from
St. John's, Newfoundland , to
Clifden ,
Connemara , Ireland.
June 15 –
Pancho Villa attacks
Ciudad Juárez , Mexico. When the bullets begin to fly to the American side of the border, two units of the United States
7th Cavalry Regiment cross the border, to push Villa's forces from American territory.
June 17 –
Epsom Riot by Canadian troops: English Police Sergeant Thomas Green is killed.
June 18 – The second most popular
[31]
football club in Costa Rica,
Liga Deportiva Alajuelense , is founded.
June 20 –
25 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front: The White
Volunteer Army defeats the exhausted Red forces in the
Kharkiv Operation , capturing the industrial city of
Kharkiv .
June 21
June 23 –
Estonian and
Latvian Wars of Independence –
Battle of Cēsis : The
Estonian army defeats the pro-German
Baltische Landeswehr in northern
Latvia , forcing it to retreat towards
Riga ; the event is celebrated subsequently as
Victory Day in Estonia.
June 26 –
British Foreign Office official
St John Philby and
T. E. Lawrence arrive in
Cairo for discussions about Arab unrest in
Egypt , having been flown by Canadian pilot
Harry Yates in a
Handley Page
bomber which set off from England on
June 21 .
June 28
July
July 1 –
Russian Civil War :
Perm Operation (1918–19) begins on the Siberian Front: The 2nd and 3rd armies of Soviet Russia recapture the city of
Perm .
[32]
July 2 – The
Syrian National Congress in
Damascus : Arab nationalists announce independence.
July 2 –
6 – British
airship
R34 makes the first transatlantic flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from
RAF East Fortune , Scotland, to
Mineola, New York .
July 3
July 5 –
20 –
Russian Civil War , Eastern or Siberian Front, Ekaterinburg Operation: The Red Army captures the city of
Ekaterinburg in the
Ural mountains from the White rule of Admiral
Alexander Kolchak .
July 7 – The
United States Army sends a convoy across the continental U.S., starting in Washington, D.C., to assess the possibility of crossing North America by road. This crossing takes many months to complete, because the building of the
U.S. Highway System has not commenced.
July 11 – The
eight-hour day and free Sunday become law for workers in the Netherlands.
July 19 – The Foreign Ministry of the
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic is established, by decree of the chancellory for foreign affairs.
[33]
July 21 –
Wingfoot Air Express crash : The
dirigible Wingfoot Air Express catches fire over downtown Chicago. Two passengers, one aircrewman and ten people on the ground are killed; however, two people
parachute to the ground safely.
[34]
July 27 – The
Chicago Race Riot of 1919 begins when a white man throws stones at a group of four black teens on a raft.
July 28 – The
International Astronomical Union is founded in Paris, France.
July 31 –
British police strikes in London and
Liverpool for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers; over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.
August
Romanian troops entering Budapest
Friedrich Ebert becomes president in Weimar, Germany
September
September 1 –
October 2 –
Russian Civil War , Siberian Front: Admiral
Alexander Kolchak launches his final offensive in the Tobolsk operation, defeating the
Red Army .
September 3 –
Jan Smuts becomes the second
prime minister of
South Africa .
September 6 – The U.S. Army expedition across North America, which started
July 7 , ends in
San Francisco .
September 10 –
15 – The
Florida Keys hurricane kills 600 in the
Gulf of Mexico ,
Florida and
Texas .
September 10 – The
Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with
Austria-Hungary and declaring that the latter's empire is to be dissolved. The
Republic of German-Austria becomes the
First Austrian Republic but retains less than 40% of the prewar imperial territory.
September 12
September 17 –
German South West Africa is placed under South African administration.
[35]
September 18 –
November 14 –
Russian Civil War , Western Front:
Battle of Petrograd : The White general
Nikolai Yudenich approaches the city of
Saint Petersburg with 18,500 soldiers, but is defeated by the defense organized by
Leon Trotsky .
September 21 – The
Steel strike of 1919 begins across the United States.
September 27 –
Russian Civil War : The last British Army troops leave
Arkhangelsk and leave the fighting to the Russians.
September 30 –
Elaine massacre : An estimated 100 to 800
African Americans are killed
[36] in
Elaine, Arkansas , by white mobs and vigilante militias assisted by federal troops
[37] in "the deadliest racial confrontation in
Arkansas history and possibly the bloodiest
racial conflict in the history of the United States".
[38]
October
October 2 – President of the United States
Woodrow Wilson suffers a serious stroke, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life.
[39]
October 7 – The Dutch airline
KLM is founded (as of 2022, it is the world's
oldest airline still flying under its original name).
[40]
October 9 – In
Major League Baseball , the
Cincinnati Reds win the
World Series , five games to three, over the
Chicago White Sox , whose players are later found to have
lost intentionally .
October 10 –
Estonia adopts a radical
land reform , nationalizing 97% of agrarian lands, mostly still belonging to the
Baltic German nobility .
October 11 –
November 18 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front: The Red Army defeat the White Army in the
Orel–Kursk operation , recapturing the cities and preventing an advance to Moscow.
October 13 – The
Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation is signed, in
Paris, France .
October 13 –
November 16 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front: Using massive cavalry forces, The Red Army threatened the flank of the white army in the
Voronezh–Kastornoye operation (1919) .
October 16 – In
Germany ,
Adolf Hitler gives his first speech for the
German Workers' Party (DAP).
October 26 –
1919 Luxembourg general election , the first in the duchy with
female suffrage , following constitutional amendments of May 15.
October 28 –
Prohibition in the United States : The
United States Congress passes the
Volstead Act , over President
Woodrow Wilson 's veto. Prohibition goes into effect on January 17,
1920 , under the provisions of the
18th Amendment to the United States Constitution .
October 29 –
November 29 – First Annual Meeting of the
International Labour Conference .
[41]
November
December
December 1
December 3 – After nearly 20 years of planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths, the
Quebec Bridge opens to traffic.
December 4 – The
French Opera House in
New Orleans ,
Louisiana is destroyed by fire.
December 5 – The
Turkish Ministry of War releases
Greeks ,
Armenians and
Jews from
military service .
December 10 –
16 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front,
Battle of Kiev :
Kyiv is captured by the Red Army.
December 17 – Uruguay becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
December 18 –
31 –
Russian Civil War , Southern Front: The Red army
captures the
Donbas region from the
Volunteer Army .
December 21 – The United States deports 249 people, including
Emma Goldman , to Russia on the
USAT Buford .
December 23 –
Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom, removing legal disabilities on women entering the secular professions.
[44]
December 25 –
Cliftonhill Stadium in
Coatbridge , Scotland, opens as the home of
Albion Rovers F.C. They lose the opening match 2–0 to
St Mirren .
December 26 – American baseball player
Babe Ruth is traded by the
Boston Red Sox to the
New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at this time, a deal made public at the beginning of January 1920.
Date unknown
Births
January
Carole Landis
Robert Stack
Giulio Andreotti
Jackie Robinson
February
Andreas Papandreou
Jack Palance
February 2 –
Carlo D'Angelo , Italian actor and voice actor (d.
1973 )
February 4 –
Janet Waldo , American actress (d.
2016 )
February 5
February 11 –
Eva Gabor , Hungarian actress (d.
1995 )
February 12
February 13 –
Tennessee Ernie Ford , American musician (d.
1991 )
February 17 –
Kathleen Freeman , American film, television, voice and stage actress (d.
2001 )
February 18 –
Jack Palance , American actor (d.
2006 )
February 20 –
Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani , Iranian Marja (d.
2022 )
February 26 –
Rie Mastenbroek , Dutch swimmer (d.
2003 )
March
Jennifer Jones
Nat King Cole
March 2 –
Jennifer Jones , American film actress (d.
2009 )
March 3
March 5 –
Peter Florjančič , Slovenian inventor (d.
2020 )
March 7 –
M. N. Nambiar , Indian film actor (d.
2008 )
March 10
March 11 –
Kira Golovko , Russian actress (d.
2017 )
March 15 –
Lawrence Tierney , American actor (d.
2002 )
March 17
March 18 –
Santiago Álvarez , Cuban filmmaker (d.
1998 )
March 19 –
Abdullah Tariki , Saudi politician and government official (d.
1997 )
March 20 –
Gerhard Barkhorn , German World War II fighter ace (d.
1983 )
March 24 –
Lawrence Ferlinghetti , American poet and publisher (d.
2021 )
[58]
March 26 –
B. J. Khatal-Patil , Indian politician (d.
2019 )
April
Ian Smith
Madalyn Murray O'Hair
May
Pete Seeger
Liberace
Antonio Aguilar
Eva Perón
May 1
May 3 –
Pete Seeger , American folk singer and musician (d.
2014 )
[63]
May 5 –
Georgios Papadopoulos , President of Greece and Prime Minister of Greece (d.
1999 )
May 7 –
Eva Perón , wife of Argentine President
Juan Perón (d.
1952 )
May 8 –
Lex Barker , American actor (d.
1973 )
May 10 –
Atmasthananda , Indian Hindu leader (d.
2017 )
May 13 –
Robert Mellard , American US Army soldier (d.
1976 )
May 15 –
Eugenia Charles , 3rd
Prime Minister of Dominica (d.
2005 )
May 16 –
Liberace , American pianist, singer and actor (d.
1987 )
May 17 –
Antonio Aguilar , Mexican singer and actor (d.
2007 )
May 18 –
Margot Fonteyn , English ballet dancer (d.
1991 )
May 19
May 21 –
Vera Altayskaya , Soviet actress (d.
1978 )
May 22 –
Paul Vanden Boeynants , twice Prime Minister of Belgium (d.
2001 )
[64]
May 23 –
Betty Garrett , American actress and dancer (d.
2011 )
[65]
May 25 –
Raymond Smullyan , American mathematician, logician and philosopher (d.
2017 )
[66]
May 30 –
René Barrientos , 47th
President of Bolivia (d.
1969 )
[67]
June
Peter Carington
July
Walter Scheel
Edmund Hillary
July 1
July 3 –
Gabriel Valdés , Chilean politician, lawyer and diplomat (d.
2011 )
July 4 –
Gerd Hagman , Swedish actress (d.
2011 )
July 8 –
Walter Scheel ,
President of Germany (d.
2016 )
[71]
July 10 –
Pierre Gamarra , French poet, novelist and literary critic (d.
2009 )
[72]
July 13 –
Grisha Filipov , leading member of the Bulgarian communist party (d.
1994 )
July 14 –
Lino Ventura , Italian actor (d.
1987 )
[73]
July 15 –
Iris Murdoch , British novelist and philosopher (d.
1999 )
[74]
July 16
July 18 –
Lilia Dale , Italian actress (d.
1991 )
July 19 –
Patricia Medina , English-born actress (d.
2012 )
July 20 –
Sir Edmund Hillary , New Zealand mountaineer, conqueror of Mount Everest (d.
2008 )
[75]
July 24
July 26 –
James Lovelock , English biologist and chemist (d.
2022 )
July 31 –
Primo Levi , Italian chemist and writer (d.
1987 )
[76]
August
Joop den Uyl
August 2 –
Nehemiah Persoff , Israeli-American character actor (d.
2022 )
August 4 –
Michel Déon , French writer (d.
2016 )
[77]
August 8
August 9 –
Joop den Uyl , Dutch politician,
Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 to 1977 (d.
1987 )
August 11 –
Ginette Neveu , French violinist (d.
1949 )
August 12 –
Margaret Burbidge , English-American astrophysicist and academic (d.
2020 )
August 13 –
George Shearing , Anglo-American jazz pianist (d.
2011 )
August 15 –
Dina Wadia , Indian political figure (d.
2017 )
August 20 –
Adamantios Androutsopoulos , Prime Minister of Greece (d.
2000 )
August 24 –
Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy , 31st President of Ecuador (d.
2004 )
August 25 –
George Wallace , American politician, 45th
Governor of Alabama (d.
1998 )
August 28 –
Godfrey Hounsfield , English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
2004 )
[78]
August 30
August 31 –
Amrita Pritam , Indian poet and author (d.
2005 )
September
October
Siad Barre
Pierre Trudeau
Shah
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
October 3 –
James M. Buchanan , American economist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
2013 )
October 5 –
Donald Pleasence , English actor (d.
1995 )
October 6 –
Siad Barre ,
President of Somalia (d.
1995 )
October 7 –
Zelman Cowen ,
Governor-General of Australia (d.
2011 )
October 8 –
Kiichi Miyazawa , 49th Prime Minister of Japan (d.
2007 )
October 11 –
Art Blakey , American jazz drummer (d.
1990 )
[83]
October 14 –
Edward L. Feightner , United States Navy officer (d.
2020 )
[84]
October 16 –
Kathleen Winsor , American writer (d.
2003 )
October 17
October 18
October 22
October 23 –
Manolis Andronikos , Greek archaeologist (d.
1992 )
October 26
October 30 –
Stane Kavčič ,
Prime Minister of Slovenia (d.
1987 )
October 31 –
Tong Siv Eng , Cambodian politician (d.
2001 )
November
Martin Balsam
Ryszard Kaczorowski
December
William Lipscomb
Deaths
January
Theodore Roosevelt
Wilfrid Laurier
Melchora Aquino
Yakov Sverdlov
January 4 –
Georg von Hertling , 7th
Chancellor of Germany (b.
1843 )
January 6
January 8
January 10 –
Wallace Clement Sabine , American physicist (b.
1868 )
January 12 –
Sir Charles Wyndham , English actor and theatrical manager,
Spanish flu (b.
1837 )
[92]
January 15
January 16 –
Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves , Brazilian politician, 5th
President of Brazil ,
Spanish flu (b.
1848 )
January 17
January 18
January 21 –
Gojong , first
Emperor of Korea (b.
1852 )
January 22 –
Carl Larsson , Swedish painter (b.
1853 )
January 24 –
Ismail Qemali , Albanian politician, 1st
Prime Minister of Albania and 1st
President of Albania (b.
1844 )
January 27
January 28
January 31 –
Nat Goodwin , American actor and comedian (b.
1857 )
February
March
April
Emiliano Zapata
April 4
April 5 –
Harutiun Alpiar , Ottoman Armenian journalist and humorous writer (b.
1864 )
April 8 –
Frank Winfield Woolworth , American businessman (b.
1852 )
April 9 –
Sidney Drew , American stage and film actor (b.
1863 )
April 10 –
Emiliano Zapata , Mexican revolutionary, assassinated (b.
1879 )
April 14 –
Auguste-Réal Angers , Canadian judge and politician, 6th
Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (b. 1837)
April 15 –
Jane Delano , American nurse, founder of the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b.
1862 )
April 19 –
Andrei Eberhardt , Russian admiral (b.
1856 )
April 20 –
Thomas Egan , American gangster (b.
1874 )
April 21 –
Jules Védrines , French pre-war aviator and World War I pilot, aviation accident (b.
1881 )
April 23 –
Prince Tsunehisa Takeda , member of the Japanese imperial family,
Spanish flu (b.
1882 )
April 27
May
Milan Rastislav Štefánik
May 2 –
Gustav Landauer , German anarchist, assassinated (b.
1870 )
May 4 –
Milan Rastislav Štefánik , Slovak general, politician and astronomer (b.
1880 )
May 6 –
L. Frank Baum , American author, poet, playwright, actor and independent filmmaker (The Wizard of Oz ) (b.
1856 )
May 9 –
Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra , Dominican political figure, twice
President of the Dominican Republic (b.
1846 )
May 12 –
D. M. Canright , American Seventh-day Adventist minister and author, later one of the church's severest critics (b.
1840 )
May 14 –
Henry J. Heinz , American entrepreneur (b.
1844 )
May 15 –
Aaron Aaronsohn , Romanian-born Israeli botanist (b.
1876 )
May 21 –
Victor Segalen , French naval doctor, ethnographer, archeologist, writer, poet, explorer, art-theorist, linguist and literary critic (b.
1878 )
May 25 –
Madam C. J. Walker , African-American entrepreneur and philanthropist (b.
1867 )
[94]
May 28 –
Hermann von Spaun , Austro-Hungarian admiral (b.
1833 )
June
July
Louis Botha
Victorino de la Plaza
Alfred Deakin
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
August
September
October
October 1 –
Princess Charlotte of Prussia , German royal (b.
1850 )
October 2 –
Victorino de la Plaza , Argentinian politician, 18th
President of Argentina , leader (b.
1840 )
October 6 –
Ricardo Palma , Peruvian writer (b.
1833 )
October 7 –
Alfred Deakin , 2nd
Prime Minister of Australia (b.
1856 )
October 11 –
Karl Adolph Gjellerup , Danish writer,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1857 )
October 18 –
William Waldorf Astor, 1st Viscount Astor , American financier and statesman (b.
1848 )
October 22
November
December
Nobel Prizes
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ISBN
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^
"Card of admission to Theodore Roosevelt's funeral" . Theodore Roosevelt Centre. Retrieved June 16, 2019 .
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Soomusrongide tegevusest Vabadussõja murrang-ajajärgul Põhja (Viru) rindel. Tapa vallutamine (in Estonian). Sõdur.
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ISBN
978-0-676-90132-0 .
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The Globe . No. 38539. London. January 18, 1919. p. 1.
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Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World . Random House.
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Phelan, Paula (2007), 1919: Misfortune's End , ZAPmedia
Further reading
Klingaman, William K. 1919, The Year Our World Began (1987) world perspective based on primary sources by a scholar.
New International Year Book 1919 (1920) , Comprehensive coverage of world and national affairs, 744pp
External links
Media related to
1919 at Wikimedia Commons