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Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1877 .
April 24 : Start of the
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
1877 (
MDCCCLXXVII ) was a
common year starting on Monday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Saturday of the
Julian calendar , the 1877th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 877th year of the
2nd millennium , the 77th year of the
19th century , and the 8th year of the
1870s decade. As of the start of 1877, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 1 –
Queen Victoria is proclaimed
Empress of India by the
Royal Titles Act 1876 , introduced by
Benjamin Disraeli , the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom .
January 8 –
Great Sioux War of 1876 :
Battle of Wolf Mountain –
Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the
United States Cavalry in
Montana .
January 20 – The Conference of Constantinople ends, with
Ottoman Turkey rejecting proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions.
January 29 – The
Satsuma Rebellion , a revolt of disaffected
samurai in Japan, breaks out against the new imperial government; it lasts until September, when it is crushed by a professionally led army of draftees.
[1]
February 17 – Major General
Charles George Gordon of the
British Army is appointed
Governor-General of the Sudan .
[2]
March –
The Nineteenth Century magazine is founded in London.
March 2 –
Compromise of 1877 : The
1876 United States presidential election is resolved with the selection of
Rutherford B. Hayes as the winner, even though
Samuel J. Tilden won the popular vote on
November 7 ,
1876 .
March 4
March 15 –
English cricket team in Australia and New Zealand in 1876–77 : The first
Test cricket match is held between England and Australia.
March 24 – For the only time in history,
The Boat Race between the Universities of
Oxford and
Cambridge is declared a "dead heat" (i.e., a draw).
April–June
April 1 – Following years of murders of
sharecroppers and U.S. army personnel by the former slave owners, the
Reconstruction era of the U.S. ends when Union troops pull out of the
South-Eastern American States . This leaves the former slaves at the mercy of their owners, and begins the
Gilded Age when large businesses begin
monopolization of the American economy.
April 10 – The first
human cannonball act in the British Isles, and perhaps the world, is performed by 17-year-old
Rossa Matilda Richter ("Zazel") at the London
Royal Aquarium .
[3]
April 12
April 24 –
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) :
Russia declares war on the
Ottoman Empire .
May 5 –
Great Sioux War of 1876 :
Sitting Bull leads his band of
Lakota into
Canada , to avoid harassment by the U.S. Army under Colonel
Nelson Miles .
May 6 – Realizing that his people are weakened by cold and hunger, Chief
Crazy Horse of the
Oglala Sioux surrenders to U.S. troops in Nebraska.
May 8 –
11 – At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first
Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show is held.
May 9 –
Iquique Earthquake and
tsunami : An earthquake of at least magnitude 8.5
Ms occurs on the west coast of South America, killing 2,541 around the
Pacific Rim .
May 16 –
16 May 1877 crisis in France: Parliament asserts its authority over the President.
May 21 (May 9
O.S. ) – By a speech in the
Parliament of Romania by
Mihail Kogălniceanu , the country declares itself independent from the
Ottoman Empire (recognized in
1878 after the end of the Romanian independence war).
June 15 –
Henry Ossian Flipper becomes the first
African American cadet to graduate from
the U.S. Military Academy .
[5]
June 17 –
American Indian Wars :
Battle of White Bird Canyon – The
Nez Perce defeat the U.S. Cavalry at White Bird Canyon, in the
Idaho Territory . This begins the
Nez Perce War .
June 20 –
Alexander Graham Bell installs the world's first commercial telephone service in
Hamilton, Ontario , Canada.
June 21 – The
Molly Maguires are hanged at
Carbon County Prison, in
Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania .
June 26 – The eruption of the volcano
Cotopaxi in
Ecuador causes severe mudflows that wipe out surrounding cities and valleys, killing 1,000.
June 30 – The British Mediterranean fleet is sent to
Besika Bay .
July–September
July – The serial publication of
Leo Tolstoy 's
Anna Karenina is concluded, in
The Russian Messenger .
[6]
July 1 – An F4 tornado touches down near
Gap, Pennsylvania , and moves towards
Chester County . A woman is killed near
Ercildoun ; a man is killed near
Parkesburg ; and possibly a third person dies. 4 homes are destroyed at Parkesburg and 20 buildings are destroyed at Ercildoun. 10 or more homes are leveled in Chester County.
[7]
July 9 –
19 – The
All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club stages the first
Wimbledon Championships in lawn tennis.
[8] English cricketer
Spencer Gore becomes first
Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champion (the only event held).
July 16 –
Great Railroad Strike of 1877 : Riots by
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad railroad workers in
Baltimore lead to a
sympathy strike and rioting in Pittsburgh, and a full-scale worker's rebellion in St. Louis, briefly establishing a Communist government, before U.S. President
Rutherford B. Hayes calls in the armed forces.
[9]
July 19 –
Russo-Turkish War : The first battle in the
siege of Plevna is fought.
July 30
August 9 –
American Indian Wars :
Battle of the Big Hole – Near
Big Hole River ,
Montana , a small band of
Nez Perce people who refuse government orders to move to a reservation, clash with the
United States Army . The army loses 29 soldiers, and the Indians lose 89 warriors, in an Army victory.
August 12 –
American astronomer
Asaph Hall discovers
Deimos , the outer
moon of
Mars .
August 18 – Asaph Hall discovers
Phobos , the inner moon of
Mars .
September 1 – The
Battle of Lovcha , third battle in the
siege of Plevna , is fought. Russian forces successfully reduce the Ottoman fortress at
Lovcha .
September 5 –
American Indian Wars : Oglala
Sioux chief
Crazy Horse is
bayoneted by a United States soldier, after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at
Fort Robinson in
Nebraska .
September 22 –
Treaty 7 is concluded between several mainly
Blackfoot
First Nations tribes and the
Canadian Confederation , at the
Blackfoot Crossing of the
Bow River , settling the Blackfoot on
Indian reserves in what will become southern
Alberta .
September 24 –
Battle of Shiroyama in
Kagoshima , Japan: The
Imperial Japanese Army annihilates heavily outnumbered rebel
samurai under
Saigō Takamori (who is killed), ending the
Satsuma Rebellion .
October–December
Births
January–March
Edmund Landau
Pascual Ortiz Rubio
January 2 –
Slava Raškaj , Croatian painter (d.
1906 )
January 3 –
Josephine Hull , American actress (d.
1957 )
January 22 –
Hjalmar Schacht , German economist, politician and banker (d.
1970 )
January 26 –
Kees van Dongen , Dutch-French painter (d.
1968 )
February 4 –
Eddie Cochems , father of the
forward pass in
American football (d.
1953 )
February 7 –
G. H. Hardy , British mathematician (d.
1947 )
February 8 –
Carl Tanzler , German-born
radiology technologist (d.
1952 )
February 12 –
Louis Renault , French industrialist, founder of
Renault automobile company (d.
1944 )
February 14 –
Edmund Landau , German mathematician (d.
1938 )
February 17
February 19 –
Gabriele Münter , German painter (d.
1962 )
February 25 –
Erich von Hornbostel , Austrian musicologist (d.
1935 )
March 2 –
Consuelo Vanderbilt , Duchess of Marlborough (d.
1964 )
March 4 –
Garrett Morgan , American inventor (d.
1963 )
March 7 –
Thorvald Ellegaard , Danish track cyclist (d.
1954 )[
citation needed ]
March 10 –
Pascual Ortiz Rubio , Mexican politician, substitute
President of Mexico , 1930–1932 (d.
1963 )
[11]
March 12 –
Wilhelm Frick , German Nazi Minister of the Interior (d.
1946 )
March 17 –
Ville Kiviniemi , Finnish politician (d.
1951 )
[12]
March 18 –
Edgar Cayce , American psychic (d.
1945 )
April–June
James Montgomery Flagg
April 15 –
Georg Kolbe , German sculptor (d.
1947 )
April 17 –
Lionel Pape , English actor (d.
1944 )
April 26 –
Alliott Verdon Roe , English aviation pioneer (d.
1958 )
April 30 –
Alice B. Toklas , American writer (d.
1967 )
May 3 –
Karl Abraham , German psychoanalyst (d.
1925 )
May 24 –
Samuel W. Bryant , American admiral (d.
1938 )
May 25 –
Billy Murray , American singer (d.
1954 )
May 27 –
Isadora Duncan , American dancer (d.
1927 )
June 4 –
Heinrich Otto Wieland , German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1957 )
June 7 –
Charles Glover Barkla , English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1944 )
June 11 –
Renée Vivien , British poet who wrote in French (d.
1909 )
June 12 –
Thomas C. Hart , American admiral, politician (d.
1971 )
June 14 –
Jane Bathori , French opera singer (d.
1970 )
June 18 –
James Montgomery Flagg , American artist, comics artist and illustrator (d.
1960 )
June 19 –
Charles Coburn , American actor (d.
1961 )
July–September
Hermann Hesse
George Hackenschmidt
John Latham
Frederick Soddy
Edward Ellington
July 2
July 6 –
Arnaud Massy , French golfer (d.
1950 )
July 13 –
Erik Scavenius , Prime Minister of Denmark (d.
1962 )
July 19 –
Arthur Fielder , English cricketer (d.
1949 )
July 27 –
Ernst von Dohnányi , Hungarian conductor (d.
1960 )
July 31 –
Louisa Bolus , South African botanist and taxonomist (d.
1970 )
August 1 –
George Hackenschmidt , Estonian strongman, professional wrestler (d.
1968 )
August 6 –
Wallace H. White, Jr. , U.S. Senator from Maine (d.
1952 )
August 7 –
Ulrich Salchow , Swedish figure skater (d.
1949 )
August 16 –
Roque Ruaño , Spanish priest, civil engineer (d.
1935 )
August 22 –
Ananda Coomaraswamy , Ceylonese Tamil philosopher (d.
1947 )
August 26 –
John Latham , Australian politician, judge (d.
1964 )
August 27
August 29 –
Dudley Pound , British admiral (d.
1943 )
September 1
September 2 –
Frederick Soddy , English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1956 )
September 6 –
Buddy Bolden , American jazz musician (d.
1931 )
September 14 –
Leonhard Seppala , Norwegian-American sled dog breeder, trainer and musher (d.
1967 )
September 25 –
Plutarco Elías Calles , Mexican general and
President of Mexico , 1924–1928; known as Jefe Maximo ("Maximum Boss") from 1928 to 1934 (d.
1945 )
[13]
September 26
October–December
October 10 –
William Morris, 1st Viscount Nuffield , British businessman, philanthropist (d.
1963 )
October 15 –
Helen Ware , American stage, film actress (d.
1939 )
October 21 –
Oswald Avery , Canadian-American physician, medical researcher (d.
1955 )
October 22 –
Frederick Twort , English bacteriologist (d.
1950 )
October 29 –
Narcisa de Leon , Filipino film producer (d.
1966 )
October 30 –
Hugo Celmiņš , 2-time prime minister of Latvia (d.
1941 )
November 1 –
Else Ury , German writer, children's book author (d.
1943 )
November 2 –
Claire McDowell , American silent film actress (d.
1966 )
November 3 –
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo , 2-time President of Chile (d.
1960 )
November 9
November 15 –
William Hope Hodgson , English author (d.
1918 )
November 17 –
Frank Lahm , Brigadier General USAF, airship pilot, early military aviator trained by the
Wright brothers (d.
1963 )
November 20 –
Herbert Pitman , British mariner; 3rd Officer aboard RMS Titanic (d.
1961 )
November 22
November 24 –
Edward C. Kalbfus , American admiral (d.
1954 )
December 3 –
Richard Pearse , New Zealand airplane pioneer (d.
1953 )
December 16 –
Kichisaburō Nomura , Japanese admiral and diplomat (d.
1964 )
December 30 –
Edward Ellington , British military officer; Marshal of the Royal Air Force (d.
1967 )
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Henrietta A. Bingham
J. L. Runeberg
Sophie of Württemberg
January 1 –
Karl von Urban , Austrian field marshal (suicide) (b.
1802 )
January 2 –
Alexander Bain , Scottish inventor (b.
1811 )
January 4 –
Cornelius Vanderbilt , American entrepreneur (b.
1794 )
January 20 –
Dato Maharajalela Lela ,
Malay nationalist
February 18 –
Henrietta A. Bingham , American editor (b.
1841 )
February 20
February 25 –
Jung Bahadur Rana , Nepalese ruler (b.
1817 )
March 1 –
Antoni Patek , Polish watchmaker (b.
1811 )
March 24 –
Walter Bagehot , British businessman, essayist and journalist (b.
1826 )
March 25 –
Caroline Chisholm , Australian humanitarian (b.
1808 )
March 31 –
Bully Hayes , American-born Caribbean
blackbirder (killed) (b. 1827 or 1829)
April 8 –
Bernardino António Gomes , Portuguese physician and naturalist (b.
1806 )
April 14 –
Konstantin Bernhard von Voigts-Rhetz , Prussian general (b.
1809 )
April 15 –
J. P. C. Emmons , American attorney and politician (b.
1818 )
May 6 –
J. L. Runeberg , Finnish national poet (b.
1804 )
[15]
May 19 –
Charlotta Djurström , Swedish actress and theater manager (b.
1807 )
May 26 –
Kido Takayoshi , Japanese statesman (b.
1833 )
June 3
June 17 –
John Stevens Cabot Abbott , American historian, pastor and pedagogical writer (b.
1805 )
June 22 –
John R. Goldsborough , U.S. Navy commodore (b.
1809 )
July–December
July 16 –
Samuel McLean , American
congressman (b.
1826 )
July 27 –
John Frost , British Chartist leader (b.
1784 )
August 2 –
Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz , Prussian field marshal
Urdu (b.
1796 )
August 8 –
William Lovett , British Chartist leader (b.
1800 )
August 17 –
Isaac Aaron , English-born physician, owner of the
Australian Medical Journal and secretary of the
Australian Medical Association (b.
1804 )
August 29 –
Brigham Young , American Mormon leader (b.
1801 )
August 30 –
Raphael Semmes , American and Confederate naval officer (b.
1809 )
September 2 –
Konstantinos Kanaris , Greek politician (b.
1795 )
September 3 –
Adolphe Thiers , French historian, politician (b.
1797 )
September 5 –
Crazy Horse , American Oglala Lakota chief (b.
1840 -45)
September 12 –
Emily Pepys , English child diarist (b.
1833 )
September 13 –
Alexandre Herculano , Portuguese writer and historian (b.
1810 )
September 17 –
Henry Fox Talbot , English photographer (b.
1800 )
September 24 –
Saigō Takamori , Japanese samurai (b.
1828 )
October 3 –
James Roosevelt Bayley , first
Roman Catholic Bishop of Newark, New Jersey , and eighth
Archbishop of Baltimore (b.
1814 )
October 10 –
Johann Georg Baiter , Swiss philologist, textual critic (b.
1801 )
October 16 –
Théodore Barrière , French dramatist (b.
1823 )
October 28 –
Julia Kavanagh , Irish novelist (b.
1824 )
October 29 –
Nathan Bedford Forrest , American Confederate Civil War General, first
Grand Wizard of the
Ku Klux Klan (b.
1821 )
November 1 –
Oliver P. Morton , American politician (b.
1823 )
November 2 –
Friedrich Graf von Wrangel , Prussian field marshal (b.
1784 )
December 12 –
José de Alencar , Brazilian novelist (b.
1829 )
December 17 –
Louis d'Aurelle de Paladines , French general (b.
1804 )
December 29 –
Angelica Singleton Van Buren , Acting
First Lady of the United States (b.
1818 )
December 30 –
William Cormick , physician in Qajar Iran of British origin (b.
1822 )
[16]
December 31 –
Gustave Courbet , French painter (b.
1819 )
Date unknown
References
^
Mounsey, Augustus H. (1879).
The Satsuma Rebellion: An Episode of Modern Japanese History . London: John Murray.
^ Pierre Crabitès, Gordon: The Sudan and Slavery (Routledge, 2016)
^
The Guinness Book of Records .
^ Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006).
"1877" . The People's Chronology . Thomson Gale. Archived from
the original on May 27, 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2007 .
^ Black, Lowell Dwight; Black, Sara Harrington (1985).
An Officer and a Gentleman: The Military Career of Lieutenant Henry O. Flipper . Dayton, Ohio: Lora Co. p. 66.
ISBN
978-0-96246-590-1 .
Archived from the original on November 29, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023 .
^ Stenbock-Fermor, Elizabeth (1975). The Architecture of Anna Karenina . B.R. Grüner.
ISBN
1588116751 .
^
"Requested Information for Lancaster County, PA" . NWS State College Tornado Database .
Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 30, 2022 .
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day . Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
0-14-102715-0 .
^
Bruce, Robert V. (1959). 1877: Year of Violence . Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
^ Hanssen, Jens-Morten (August 10, 2001).
"Facts about Pillars of Society" . Ibsen.net . Retrieved February 8, 2013 .
^
"Pascual Ortiz Rubio" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias.
Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019 .
^
"Kansanedustajat: Ville Kiviniemi" (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland:
Parliament of Finland . Archived from
the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved July 13, 2023 .
^
"Plutarco Elías Calles" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias.
Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved May 31, 2019 .
^ Haufe, Kay (May 14, 2023).
"Die vergessene Dresdner Heldin: Marie-Simon-Grab erneuert" [The Forgotten Dresden Heroine: Marie Simon Grave Renewed].
Sächsische Zeitung (in German).
Archived from the original on August 26, 2023. Retrieved August 26, 2023 .
^ Cresswell, Jenita (February 5, 2016).
"Runeberg: a patriotic 19th-century rapper" . Thisisfinland .
Ministry for Foreign Affairs (Finland) .
Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved December 9, 2020 .
^
Momen, Moojan (1993).
"Cormick, William" . Encyclopaedia Iranica . Vol. VI fasc. 3. pp. 275–276.
Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 22, 2019 .
Further reading
1877 Annual Cyclopedia (1878) highly detailed coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for year 1877; massive compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage; 827 pp
Bellesiles, Michael A. (2010).
1877: America's Year of Living Violently . New York: New Press.
ISBN
9781595584410 .
Bruce, Robert V. (1957). 1877: Year of Violence . I.R. Dee.
ISBN
9780929587059 .
online
Lloyd, John P. "The strike wave of 1877" in The Encyclopedia of Strikes in American History (2009) pp 177-190.
online
Piper, Jessica. "The great railroad strike of 1877: A catalyst for the American labor movement." History Teacher 47.1 (2013): 93-110.
online