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Calendar year
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1878 .
June 13 :
Congress of Berlin
1878 (
MDCCCLXXVIII ) was a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Sunday of the
Julian calendar , the 1878th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 878th year of the
2nd millennium , the 78th year of the
19th century , and the 9th year of the
1870s decade. As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January–September –
Cleopatra's Needle erected in London.
October 31 –
Eldkvarn burns in
Stockholm .
Europe after the
Congress of Berlin in 1878 and the territorial and political rearrangement of the Balkan Peninsula.
April–June
July–September
July 4 – A
match race between champion thoroughbred racehorses
Ten Broeck and
Mollie McCarty draws more than 30,000 fans to Louisville, and inspires the folk song, "
Molly and Tenbrooks ".
July 13 – The
Treaty of Berlin makes
Serbia ,
Montenegro and
Romania completely independent, confirms the autonomy of
Bulgaria , makes
Cyprus a British possession, and allows Austria-Hungary to garrison the
Bosnia Vilayet .
August 9 – The
Wallingford Tornado of 1878 , the deadliest
tornado in
Connecticut history, destroys the town of
Wallingford , killing 34 people and injuring more than 70.
August 26 –
Uyedineniya Island is discovered in the
Kara Sea , by
Norwegian explorer Captain Edvard Holm Johannesen.
September 3 – Over 640 die when the crowded pleasure boat
Princess Alice collides with the
Bywell Castle in the
River Thames .
September 12 –
Cleopatra's Needle is erected beside the Thames in London, having arrived in England on
January 21 .
September 20 –
The Hindu , an Indian newspaper, is founded.
October–December
October 1 –
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) opens as Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, in the United States.
October 14 – The world's first recorded floodlit football fixture is played at
Bramall Lane , in
Sheffield , England.
October 17 –
John A. Macdonald returns to office, as
Prime Minister of Canada .
October 27 – The
Manhattan Savings Institution robbery occurs.
[6]
October 31 – A fire destroys the
Eldkvarn gristmill mill in
Stockholm ,
Sweden .
November 17 – The first assassination attempt is made against
Umberto I of Italy by anarchist
Giovanni Passannante , armed with a dagger. The King survives with a slight wound in one arm. Prime minister
Benedetto Cairoli blocks the aggressor, receiving a leg injury.
November 21 – The
Second Anglo-Afghan War commences when the British attack
Ali Masjid in the
Khyber Pass .
November 26 – American-born artist
James McNeill Whistler 's
libel case against English critic
John Ruskin , over a review of the painting
Nocturne in Black and Gold – The Falling Rocket , (in which Whistler is described as "flinging a pot of paint in the public's face"),
[7] is decided in the
High Court of Justice in London. Whistler wins a
farthing in nominal damages and only half of the costs, leading to his bankruptcy, and alienates patrons.
[8]
December 7 – The United States
territory of New Mexico is linked to the rest of the nation by railroad for the first time, as the
Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway inaugurates a newly completed line through the
Raton Pass .
[9]
December 18 – French passenger steamer Byzantin founders in the
Dardanelles during a gale after collision with British SS Rinaldo , killing around 210 people, with only 14 crew of the Byzantin saved.
[10]
December 25 –
Stella Maris Church, Sliema on
Malta becomes a parish, seceding from the Parish of St. Helen's in
Birkirkara .
Date unknown
Births
Carl Sandburg
Theodoros Pangalos
Gordon Coates
Kōki Hirota
Vicente Mejía Colindres
Lionel Barrymore
Roy Atwell
Gustav Stresemann
Princess Ingeborg of Denmark
Alfred Döblin
Lise Meitner
Joseph Stalin
January–March
January 2 –
Jaakko Mäki , Finnish politician (d.
1938 )
[13]
January 4
January 6 –
Carl Sandburg , American poet and historian (d.
1967 )
January 9 –
John B. Watson , American psychologist (d.
1958 )
January 11
January 12 –
Ferenc Molnár , Hungarian-born author (d.
1952 )
January 16 –
Harry Carey , American actor (d.
1947 )
January 20 –
Finlay Currie , Scottish actor (d.
1968 )
January 22 –
Constance Collier , English stage, screen actress (d.
1955 )
January 23 –
Rutland Boughton , English composer (d.
1960 )
January 25 –
Ernst Alexanderson , Swedish-born American television pioneer (d.
1975 )
February 1 –
Milan Hodža , Slovak politician, champion of regional integration in Europe (d.
1944 )
February 2 –
Alfréd Hajós , Hungarian swimmer, architect (d.
1955 )
February 3 –
Gordon Coates , 21st
Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.
1943 )
February 5 –
André Citroën , French automobile manufacturer (d.
1935 )
February 8 –
Martin Buber , Austrian philosopher (d.
1965 )
February 14 –
Kōki Hirota , 21st
Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1948 )
February 16 –
Big Jim Colosimo , Italian-born American gangster (d.
1920 )
February 18 –
Kate Gordon Moore , American psychologist (d.
1963 )
February 21 –
Mirra Alfassa , multi-origined spiritual leader and founder of
Auroville , India (d.
1973 )
February 26 –
Emmy Destinn , Czech soprano (d.
1930 )
February 28 –
Pierre Fatou , French mathematician (d.
1929 )
March 4
March 5 –
P. D. Ouspensky , Russian mathematician and philosopher (d.
1947 )
March 7 –
Boris Kustodiev , Soviet painter and designer (d.
1927 )
March 16
March 20 –
Heinrich XXIV, Prince Reuss of Greiz (d.
1927 )
March 22 –
Michel Théato , Luxembourg athlete (d.
1923 )
March 26 –
Henry Gullett , Australian politician (d.
1940 )
March 31 –
Jack Johnson , American boxer (d.
1946 )
April–June
April 1 –
C. Ganesha Iyer ,
Ceylon Tamil philologist (d.
1958 )
April 4 –
Stylianos Lykoudis , Greek admiral (d.
1958 )
April 6
April 24 –
Jean Crotti , Swiss artist (d.
1958 )
April 28
April 30 –
Władysław Witwicki , Polish psychologist, philosopher, translator, historian (of philosophy and art) and artist (d.
1948 )
May 2 –
Roy Atwell , American actor, comedian and composer (d.
1962 )
May 10 –
Gustav Stresemann ,
Chancellor of Germany , recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1929 )
May 16 –
Taylor Holmes , American actor (d.
1959 )
May 21 –
Glenn Curtiss , American aviation pioneer (d.
1930 )
May 22 –
The Great Gama , Punjabi wrestler (d.
1960 )
May 25 –
Bill Robinson , African-American tap dancer (d.
1949 )
May 28 –
Paul Pelliot , French sinologist (d.
1945 )
June 1 –
John Masefield , English poet, novelist (d.
1967 )
June 3 –
Barney Oldfield , American automobile racer, pioneer (d.
1946 )
June 5 –
Pancho Villa , Mexican revolutionary (d.
1923 )
June 10 –
William Skelly , American oil magnate (d.
1957 )
June 12 –
James Oliver Curwood , American writer, conservationist (d.
1927 )
June 22 –
John Burton Cleland , Australian naturalist, microbiologist, mycologist and ornithologist (d.
1971 )
June 27 –
He Xiangning , Chinese revolutionary, feminist, politician, painter and poet (d.
1972 )
July–September
July 3 –
George M. Cohan , American singer, dancer, composer, actor and writer (d.
1942 )
July 8 –
Jimmy Quinn , Scottish footballer (d.
1945 )
July 16 –
Andreas Hermes , German agricultural scientist, politician (d.
1964 )
July 24 –
Lord Dunsany , Irish author (d.
1957 )
August 1
August 2 –
Princess Ingeborg of Denmark , Princess of Sweden (d.
1958 )
August 9 –
Eileen Gray , Irish architect, furniture designer (d.
1976 )
August 10 –
Alfred Döblin , German writer (d.
1957 )
August 19 –
Manuel L. Quezon , 2nd
President of the Philippines (d.
1944 )
August 20 –
Maria Assunta Pallotta , Italian
Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (d.
1905 )
August 27 –
Pyotr Wrangel , Russian general, anti-Bolshevik leader (d.
1928 )
August 28 –
George Whipple , American scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1976 )
August 31 –
Frank Jarvis , American athlete (d.
1933 )
September 2 –
Werner von Blomberg , German field marshal (d.
1946 )
September 5 –
Robert von Lieben , Austrian physicist (d.
1913 )
September 9 –
Sergio Osmeña , 4th
President of the Philippines (d.
1961 )
September 13 –
Matilde Moisant , American pilot (d.
1964 )
September 20 –
Upton Sinclair , American writer (d.
1968 )
September 22 –
Shigeru Yoshida ,
Prime Minister of Japan (d.
1967 )
September 24 –
Charles-Ferdinand Ramuz , Swiss writer (d.
1947 )
September 28 –
Jirō Tamon , Japanese general (d.
1934 )
October–December
October 1 –
Othmar Spann , Austrian philosopher, economist (d.
1950 )
October 5 –
Louise Dresser , American actress (d.
1965 )
October 9 –
Robert Warwick , American actor (d.
1964 )
October 12 –
Karl Buresch , 9th Chancellor of Austria (d.
1936 )
October 15 –
Paul Reynaud , 77th Prime Minister of France (d.
1966 )
October 16 –
Maxie Long , American athlete (d.
1959 )
October 29 –
Alexander von Falkenhausen , German general (d.
1966 )
October 30 –
Arthur Scherbius , German electrical engineer, mathematician, cryptanalyst and inventor (d.
1929 )
November 1 –
Carlos Saavedra Lamas , Argentine politician, recipient of the
Nobel Peace Prize (d.
1959 )
November 7 –
Lise Meitner , German-Austrian physicist, discoverer of nuclear fission (d.
1968 )
November 8 –
Dorothea Bate , British archaeologist and pioneer of archaeozoology (d.
1951 )
November 14
November 17 –
Grace Abbott , American social worker, activist (d.
1939 )
November 23
Ernest Joseph King , Commander in Chief, United States Fleet and Chief of Naval Operations (COMINCH-CNO) during World War II (d.
1956 )
Frank Pick , British transport administrator, designer (d.
1941 )
November 27 –
William Orpen , Irish artist (d.
1931 )
December 10 –
C. Rajagopalachari , Indian politician, freedom fighter (d.
1972 )
December 18 –
Joseph Stalin , leader of the Soviet Union (d.
1953 )
December 22 –
Myer Prinstein , Polish-American athlete (d.
1925 )
[14]
December 25
December 28 –
Nikolai Bryukhanov , Soviet statesman, political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (d.
1938 )
December 31
Deaths
Victor Emmanuel II
Pope Pius IX
Anna Sewell
William Cullen Bryant
Saint
Mariam Baouardy
January–June
January 5 –
Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora , 6th Prime Minister of Italy (b.
1804 )
January 8 –
Nikolay Nekrasov , Russian poet (b.
1821 )
[15]
January 9 – King
Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (b.
1820 )
January 18 –
Antoine César Becquerel , French scientist (b.
1788 )
February 7 –
Pope Pius IX (b.
1792 )
[16]
February 11 –
Gideon Welles , American politician (b.
1802 )
February 19 –
Charles-François Daubigny , French painter (b.
1817 )
February 26 –
Angelo Secchi , Italian astronomer (b.
1818 )
March 8 –
Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (b.
1802 )
March 20 –
Julius von Mayer , German physician, physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics (b.
1814 )
March 27 – Sir
George Gilbert Scott , British architect (b.
1811 )
April 8 –
Henrietta Treffz , Austrian soprano, first wife of
Johann Strauss II (b.
1818 )
April 11 –
Robert Wentworth Little , British occultist (b.
1840 )
April 12 –
William M. Tweed , American politician (b.
1823 )
April 25 –
Anna Sewell , English author (b.
1820 )
May 11 –
Pierre Philippe Denfert-Rochereau , French military officer and politician (b.
1823 )
May 12 –
Anselme Payen , French chemist (b.
1795 )
May 13 –
Joseph Henry , American scientist (b.
1797 )
May 14 –
Ōkubo Toshimichi , Japanese samurai, later leader of the Meiji restoration (b.
1830 )
May 28 –
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell ,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b.
1792 )
June 5 –
Ernst von Bibra , German scientist (b.
1806 )
June 6
June 12
June 27 –
Sidney Breese , U.S. senator from Illinois, father of the
Illinois Central Railroad (b.
1800 )
July–December
July 21 –
Sam Bass (outlaw) , American outlaw (b.
1851 )
July 23 –
Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky , Bohemian pathologist, philosopher and politician (b.
1804 )
August 13 –
Henry James Montague , English-born actor (b.
1844 )
August 16 –
Richard Upjohn , English-American architect (b.
1802 )
August 26 –
Mariam Baouardy , Syrian
Discalced Carmelite and
Melkite Greek Catholic nun and saint, canonized (b.
1846 )
August 30 –
James Geiss , English businessman (b.
1820 )
September 7 –
Mehmed Ali Pasha , Prussian-born Ottoman military leader (b.
1827 )
October 4 –
Dora Hand , dance hall singer, actress (b.
1844 )
October 11 – Satanta, Kiowa war chief (b. 1820)
December 10 –
Henry Wells , American businessman (b.
1805 )
December 14 –
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom (b.
1843 )
December 18 –
W H Payne , actor and mime artist (b.
1804 )
December 23 –
Frederick Aiken , American lawyer, journalist, and soldier (b.
1832 )
December 25 –
Henry K. Hoff , American admiral (b.
1809 )
References
^ NRHP.
"Site of the First Telephone Exchange" . nps.gov . National Park Service.
Archived from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved February 14, 2023 . This article incorporates
public domain material from websites or documents of the
United States Government .
^ Tucker, Spencer C. (December 23, 2009).
A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East [6 volumes]: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East . ABC-CLIO. p. 1468.
ISBN
978-1-85109-672-5 .
^ New York Daily Herald , 24 Mar 1878, p.8.
^
Kotkan synty ja kasvu
Archived May 20, 2015, at the
Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
^
"The Loch Ard Lost" .
The Argus . No. 9972. Melbourne. June 3, 1878. p. 5. Retrieved March 9, 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Roth, Cheyna (December 28, 2023).
"My Favorite Victorian Criminal Was a Bank Robber With a Secret Weapon" . Slate .
ISSN
1091-2339 . Retrieved January 6, 2024 .
^ Ruskin, John (1877-07-02).
Fors Clavigera .
^ Whistler, J. McNeill (1890).
The Gentle Art of Making Enemies .
^ Borneman, Walter R. (2010). Rival Rails: The Race to Build America's Greatest Transcontinental Railroad . Random House Digital. p. 168.
^ "The Collision in the Dardanelles". The Cornishman . No. 25. January 2, 1878. p. 7.
^
"History | Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd" . global.kawasaki.com . Retrieved May 3, 2021 .
^
"V muzeu Emila Holuba se ukrýval kapský lev" . Novinky.cz (in Czech). May 22, 2009. Retrieved August 26, 2011 .
^
"Kansanedustajat: Jaakko Mäki" (in Finnish). Helsinki, Finland:
Parliament of Finland . Archived from
the original on May 1, 2019. Retrieved January 4, 2024 .
^ Cox, Jay (January 1, 2000).
"The Original Orange Olympic Champ" .
Syracuse University Magazine . 16 (4): 44–45. Retrieved December 22, 2022 .
^ Lebedev, Yu, V. (1990).
"Nekrasov, Nikolai Alekseyevich" . Russian Writers. Biobibliographical Dictionary. Vol. 2. Ed. P.A.Nikolayev. Moscow. Prosveshchenye Publishers. Retrieved May 1, 2014 . {{
cite web }}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link )
^ Patriarca, Silvana (2012). The Risorgimento revisited : nationalism and culture in nineteenth-century Italy . Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 188.
ISBN
9780230362758 .
Further reading