From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day of the year
December 31 is the 365th day of the year (366th in
leap years ) in the
Gregorian calendar . It is known by a collection of names including:
Saint Sylvester's Day ,
[1]
New Year's Eve or Old Year’s Day/Night, as the following day is
New Year's Day . It is the last day of the year; the following day is
January 1 , the first day of the following year.
Events
Pre-1600
406 –
Vandals ,
Alans and
Suebians
cross the Rhine , beginning an invasion of
Gaul .
[2]
535 –
Byzantine general
Belisarius completes the conquest of
Sicily , defeating the
Gothic garrison of
Palermo (Panormos), and ending his
consulship for the year.
[3]
870 –
Battle of Englefield : The
Vikings clash with
ealdorman
Æthelwulf of Berkshire . The invaders are driven back to
Reading (
East Anglia ); many
Danes are killed.
[4]
1105 –
Holy Roman Emperor
Henry IV is forced to abdicate in favor of his son,
Henry V , in
Ingelheim .
[5]
1225 – The
Lý dynasty of Vietnam ends after 216 years by the enthronement of the boy emperor
Trần Thái Tông , husband of the last Lý monarch,
Lý Chiêu Hoàng , starting the
Trần dynasty .[
citation needed ]
1229 –
James I the Conqueror ,
King of Aragon , enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as
Palma , Spain), thus consummating the
Christian reconquest of the island of
Majorca .
[6]
1501 – The
First Battle of Cannanore commences, seeing the first use of the naval
line of battle .[
citation needed ]
1600 – The British
East India Company is chartered.
[7]
1601–1900
1660 –
James II of England is named
Duke of Normandy by
Louis XIV of France .
1670 – The
expedition of John Narborough leaves
Corral Bay , having surveyed the coast and lost four hostages to the Spanish.
[8]
1687 – The first
Huguenots set sail from
France to the
Cape of Good Hope .
1757 – Empress
Elizabeth I of Russia issues her
ukase incorporating
Königsberg into Russia .
1759 –
Arthur Guinness signs a 9,000-year lease at
£ 45 per annum and starts brewing
Guinness .
1775 –
American Revolutionary War :
Battle of Quebec : British forces repulse an attack by
Continental Army General
Richard Montgomery .
1790 –
Efimeris , the oldest Greek newspaper of which issues have survived till today, is published for the first time.
1796 – The incorporation of
Baltimore as a city.
1831 –
Gramercy Park is deeded to
New York City .
1844 – The
Philippines skipped this date in order to align the country with the rest of Asia, as the trading interest switched to China, Dutch East Indies and neighboring territories after Mexico gained independence from Spain on 27 September 1821. In the islands, Monday, 30 December 1844 was immediately followed by Wednesday, 1 January 1845.
[9]
[10]
1853 – A dinner party is held inside a life-size model of an
iguanodon created by
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins and Sir
Richard Owen in
south London , England.
1857 –
Queen Victoria chooses
Ottawa , then a small
logging town, as the capital of the
Province of Canada .
1862 –
American Civil War :
Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits
West Virginia to the
Union , thus dividing
Virginia in two.
[11]
1862 – American Civil War: The
Battle of Stones River begins near
Murfreesboro, Tennessee .
[12]
1878 –
Karl Benz , working in
Mannheim ,
Germany , files for a
patent on his first reliable
two-stroke gas engine . He was granted the patent in 1879.
1879 –
Thomas Edison demonstrates
incandescent lighting to the public for the first time, in
Menlo Park, New Jersey .
1901–present
1906 –
Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar signs the
Persian Constitution of 1906 .
[13]
1907 – The first ever
ball drop in
Times Square .
[14]
1942 –
USS Essex , first aircraft carrier of a 24-ship class, is
commissioned .
[15]
1942 –
World War II : The
Royal Navy defeats the
Kriegsmarine at the
Battle of the Barents Sea . This leads to the resignation of
Grand Admiral
Erich Raeder a month later
[16]
1944 – World War II:
Operation Nordwind , the last major
Wehrmacht offensive on the
Western Front , begins.
1946 – President
Harry S. Truman officially proclaims the
end of hostilities in World War II.
1951 –
Cold War : The
Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than US$13.3 billion in foreign aid to rebuild
Western Europe .
1955 –
General Motors becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over US$1 billion in a year.
1956 – The
Romanian Television network begins its first broadcast in
Bucharest .
1961 –
RTÉ , Ireland's state broadcaster, launches its first national television service.
1963 –
The Central African Federation officially collapses, subsequently becoming
Zambia ,
Malawi and
Rhodesia .
1965 –
Jean-Bédel Bokassa , leader of the
Central African Republic army, and his military officers
begin a coup d'état against the government of
President
David Dacko .
1968 – The first flight of the
Tupolev Tu-144 , the first civilian supersonic transport in the world.
1968 –
MacRobertson Miller Airlines Flight 1750 crashes near
Port Hedland, Western Australia , killing all 26 people on board.
[17]
1981 – A
coup d'état in
Ghana removes
President
Hilla Limann 's
PNP
government and replaces it with the
Provisional National Defence Council led by
Flight lieutenant
Jerry Rawlings .
1983 – The
AT&T
Bell System is broken up by the
United States Government .
1983 –
Benjamin Ward is appointed
New York City Police Department 's first ever
African American
police commissioner .
1983 – In
Nigeria , a
coup d'état led by Major General
Muhammadu Buhari ends the
Second Nigerian Republic .
1991 – All official
Soviet Union institutions have ceased operations by this date, five days after the Soviet Union is
officially dissolved .
1992 –
Czechoslovakia is
peacefully dissolved in what is dubbed by media as the Velvet Divorce , resulting in the creation of the
Czech Republic and the
Slovak Republic .
1994 – This date is skipped altogether in
Kiribati as the
Phoenix Islands and
Line Islands change time zones from
UTC−11:00 to
UTC+13:00 and
UTC−10:00 to
UTC+14:00 , respectively.
1994 – The
First Chechen War : The
Russian Ground Forces begin a
New Year's storming of
Grozny .
1995 – The final comic of
Calvin and Hobbes is published.
[18]
1998 – The
European Exchange Rate Mechanism freezes the values of the legacy currencies in the
Eurozone , and establishes the value of the
euro currency.
1999 – The first
President of Russia ,
Boris Yeltsin , resigns from office, leaving
Prime Minister
Vladimir Putin as the
acting President and successor.
1999 – The U.S. government hands control of the
Panama Canal (as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the
Panama Canal Zone ) to
Panama . This act complied with the signing of the 1977
Torrijos–Carter Treaties .
1999 –
Indian Airlines Flight 814 hijacking ends after seven days with the release of 190 survivors at
Kandahar Airport ,
Afghanistan .
2000 – The last day of the
20th Century and
2nd Millennium .
2004 – The official opening of
Taipei 101 , the
tallest
skyscraper at that time in the world, standing at a height of 509 metres (1,670 ft).
2009 – Both a
blue moon and a
lunar eclipse occur.
2010 –
Tornadoes touch down in
midwestern and
southern United States , including
Washington County, Arkansas ;
Greater St. Louis ,
Sunset Hills, Missouri ,
Illinois , and
Oklahoma , with a few tornadoes in the early hours. A total of 36 tornadoes touched down, resulting in the deaths of nine people and $113 million in damages.
2011 –
NASA succeeds in putting the first of two
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
satellites in orbit around the
Moon .
2014 – A New Year's Eve celebration
stampede in
Shanghai kills at least 36 people and injures 49 others.
2015 – A fire breaks out at the Downtown Address Hotel in
Downtown Dubai ,
United Arab Emirates , located near the
Burj Khalifa , two hours before the
fireworks display is due to commence. Sixteen injuries were reported; one had a heart attack, another suffered a major injury, and fourteen others with minor injuries.
2018 – Thirty-nine people are killed after
a ten-story building collapses in the industrial city of
Magnitogorsk , Russia.
[19]
2019 – The
World Health Organization is informed of cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause, detected in
Wuhan .
[20] This later turned out to be
COVID-19 , the cause of the
COVID-19 pandemic .
[21]
2020 – The World Health Organization issues its first emergency use validation for a
COVID-19 vaccine .
[22]
[23]
Births
Pre-1600
695 –
Muhammad ibn al-Qasim , Umayyad general (d. 715)
1378 –
Pope Callixtus III (d. 1458)
1491 –
Jacques Cartier , French navigator and explorer (d. 1557)
1493 –
Eleonora Gonzaga, Duchess of Urbino (d. 1570)
1504 –
Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1538)
1514 –
Andreas Vesalius , Belgian anatomist, physician, and author (d. 1564)
1539 –
John Radcliffe , English politician (d. 1568)
1550 –
Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588)
1552 –
Simon Forman , English occultist and astrologer (d. 1611)
1572 –
Emperor Go-Yōzei of Japan, (d. 1617)
1585 –
Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba , Spanish general and politician, 24th
Governor of the Duchy of Milan (d. 1645)
1601–1900
1668 –
Herman Boerhaave , Dutch botanist and physician (d. 1738)
1714 –
Arima Yoriyuki , Japanese mathematician and educator (d. 1783)
1720 –
Charles Edward Stuart , Scottish claimant to the throne of England (d. 1788)
1738 –
Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis , English general and politician, 3rd
Governor-General of India (d. 1805)
1741 –
Gottfried August Bürger , German poet and academic (d. 1794)
1763 –
Pierre-Charles Villeneuve , French admiral (d. 1806)
1776 –
Johann Spurzheim , German-American physician and phrenologist (d. 1832)
1798 –
Friedrich Robert Faehlmann , Estonian physician, philologist, and academic (d. 1850)
1805 –
Marie d'Agoult , German-French historian and author (d. 1876)
[24]
1815 –
George Meade , American general and engineer (d. 1872)
1830 –
Isma'il Pasha , Egyptian ruler (d. 1895)
1830 –
Alexander Smith , Scottish poet and critic (d. 1867)
1833 –
Hugh Nelson Scottish-Australian politician, 11th
Premier of Queensland (d. 1906)
1834 –
Queen Kapiolani of Hawaii (d. 1899)
1838 –
Émile Loubet , French lawyer and politician, 7th
President of France (d. 1929)
1842 –
Giovanni Boldini , Italian painter (d. 1931)
1851 –
Henry Carter Adams , American economist and academic (d. 1921)
1855 –
Giovanni Pascoli , Italian poet and scholar (d. 1912)
1857 –
King Kelly , American baseball player and manager (d. 1894)
1860 –
Joseph S. Cullinan , American businessman, co-founded
Texaco (d. 1937)
1864 –
Robert Grant Aitken , American astronomer and academic (d. 1951)
1869 –
Henri Matisse , French painter and sculptor (d. 1954)
1872 –
Fred Marriott , American race car driver (d. 1956)
1873 –
Konstantin Konik , Estonian surgeon and politician, 19th
Estonian Minister of Education (d. 1936)
1874 –
Julius Meier , American businessman and politician, 20th
Governor of Oregon (d. 1937)
1877 –
Lawrence Beesley , English journalist and author (d. 1967)
1878 –
Elizabeth Arden , Canadian businesswoman, founded
Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (d. 1966)
1878 –
Horacio Quiroga , Uruguayan-Argentinian author, poet, and playwright (d. 1937)
1880 –
Fred Beebe , American baseball player and coach (d. 1957)
1880 –
George Marshall , American general and politician, 50th
United States Secretary of State ,
Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
1881 –
Max Pechstein , German painter and academic (d. 1955)
1884 –
Bobby Byrne , American baseball and soccer player (d. 1964)
1884 –
Mihály Fekete , Hungarian actor, screenwriter, and film director (d. 1960)
1885 –
Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein (d. 1970)
1899 –
Silvestre Revueltas , Mexican violinist, composer, and conductor (d. 1940)
1901–present
1901 –
Karl-August Fagerholm , Finnish politician,
valtioneuvos , the
Speaker of the Parliament and the
Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1984)
[25]
1901 –
Nikos Ploumpidis , Greek educator and politician (d. 1954)
1902 –
Lionel Daunais , Canadian singer-songwriter (d. 1982)
1902 –
Roy Goodall , English footballer (d. 1982)
1903 –
William Heynes , English engineer (d. 1989)
1905 –
Helen Dodson Prince , American astronomer and academic (d. 2002)
1908 –
Simon Wiesenthal , Ukrainian-Austrian
Nazi hunter and author (d. 2005)
1909 –
Jonah Jones , American trumpet player and saxophonist (d. 2000)
1910 –
Carl Dudley , American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1973)
1910 –
Enrique Maier , Spanish tennis player (d. 1981)
[26]
1911 –
Dal Stivens , Australian soldier and author (d. 1997)
1912 –
John Frost , Indian-English general (d. 1993)
1914 –
Mary Logan Reddick , American neuroembryologist (d. 1966)
1915 –
Sam Ragan , American journalist, author, and poet (d. 1996)
1917 –
Evelyn Knight , American singer (d. 2007)
1917 –
Wilfrid Noyce , English mountaineer and author (d. 1962)
1918 –
Ray Graves , American football player and coach (d. 2015)
1919 –
Tommy Byrne , American baseball player, coach, and politician (d. 2007)
1919 –
Carmen Contreras-Bozak , Puerto Rican-American soldier (d. 2017)
1920 –
Rex Allen , American actor and singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
1922 –
Tomás Balduino , Brazilian bishop (d. 2014)
1922 –
Halina Czerny-Stefańska , Polish pianist and educator (d. 2001)
1922 –
Luis Zuloaga , Venezuelan baseball player (d. 2013)
1923 –
Giannis Dalianidis , Greek actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2010)
1924 –
Taylor Mead , American actor and poet (d. 2013)
1925 –
Irina Korschunow , German author and screenwriter (d. 2013)
1925 –
Sri Lal Sukla , Indian author (d. 2011)
1925 –
Daphne Oram , British composer and electronic musician (d. 2003)
1926 –
Valerie Pearl , English historian and academic (d. 2016)
1926 –
Billy Snedden , Australian lawyer and politician, 17th
Attorney-General for Australia (d. 1987)
1928 –
Ross Barbour , American pop singer (d. 2011)
1928 –
Hugh McElhenny , American football player (d. 2022)
[27]
1928 –
Veijo Meri , Finnish author and translator (d. 2015)
1928 –
Tatyana Shmyga , Russian actress and singer (d. 2011)
1928 –
Siné , French cartoonist (d. 2016)
1929 –
Mies Bouwman , Dutch television host (d. 2018)
1929 –
Peter May , English cricketer (d. 1994)
1930 –
Jaime Escalante , Bolivian-American educator (d. 2010)
1930 –
Odetta , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress (d. 2008)
1931 –
Bob Shaw , Northern Irish journalist and author (d. 1996)
1932 –
Don James , American football player and coach (d. 2013)
1932 –
Felix Rexhausen , German journalist and author (d. 1992)
1933 –
Edward Bunker , American author, screenwriter, and actor (d. 2005)
1934 –
Ameer Muhammad Akram Awan , Indian author, poet, and scholar (d. 2017)
1937 –
Avram Hershko , Hungarian-Israeli biochemist and physician,
Nobel Prize laureate
1937 –
Barry Hughes , Welsh footballer and manager (d. 2019)
1937 –
Tess Jaray , Austrian-English painter and educator
1938 –
Rosalind Cash , American singer and actress (d. 1995)
1938 –
Atje Keulen-Deelstra , Dutch speed skater (d. 2013)
1939 –
Willye White , American sprinter and long jumper (d. 2007)
1940 –
Mani Neumeier , German drummer
1941 – Sir
Alex Ferguson , Scottish footballer and manager
1944 –
Taylor Hackford , American director, producer, and screenwriter
1945 –
Connie Willis , American author
1946 –
Roy Greenslade , English journalist and academic
1946 –
Bryan Hamilton , Northern Irish footballer and coach
1946 –
Raphael Kaplinsky , South African international development academic
1946 –
Pius Ncube , Zimbabwean archbishop
1946 –
Lyudmila Pakhomova , Russian ice dancer (d. 1986)
1946 –
Cliff Richey , American tennis player
[28]
1946 –
Eric Robson , Scottish journalist and author
1946 –
Nigel Rudd , English businessman, founded
Williams Holdings
1946 –
Tim Stevens , English bishop
1948 –
Sandy Jardine , Scottish footballer and manager (d. 2014)
1949 –
Ellen Datlow , American anthologist and author
1949 –
Flora Gomes , Bissau-Guinean filmmaker
1949 –
Susan Shwartz , American author
1950 –
Bob Gilder , American golfer
1950 –
Inge Helten , German sprinter
1950 –
Cheryl Womack , American businesswoman
1951 –
Kenny Roberts , American motorcycle racer
1952 –
Vaughan Jones , New Zealand mathematician and academic (d. 2020)
1952 –
Jean-Pierre Rives , French rugby player, painter, and sculptor
1953 –
Jane Badler , American actress
1954 –
Alex Salmond , Scottish economist and politician,
First Minister of Scotland
[29]
1954 –
Hermann Tilke , German racing driver, architect and engineer
1956 –
Robert Goodwill , English farmer and politician
1956 –
Helma Knorscheidt , German shot putter
1956 –
Steve Rude , American author and illustrator
1958 –
Geoff Marsh , Australian cricketer and coach
1959 –
Liveris Andritsos , Greek basketball player
1959 –
Phill Kline , American lawyer and politician,
Kansas Attorney General
1959 –
Baron Waqa , Nauruan composer and politician, 14th
President of Nauru
1960 –
Steve Bruce , English footballer and manager
1961 –
Rick Aguilera , American baseball player and coach
1961 –
Jeremy Heywood , English economist and civil servant (d. 2018)
1961 –
Nina Li Chi , Hong Kong actress
[30]
1962 –
Tyrone Corbin , American basketball player and coach
1962 –
Chris Hallam , English-Welsh swimmer and wheelchair racer (d. 2013)
1962 –
Jennifer Higdon , American composer
[31]
1964 –
Winston Benjamin , Antiguan cricketer
1964 –
Michael McDonald , American comedian, actor, and director
1965 –
Tony Dorigo , Australian-English footballer and sportscaster
1965 –
Julie Doucet , Canadian cartoonist and author
1965 –
Laxman Sivaramakrishnan , Indian cricketer
1967 –
Paul McGregor , Australian rugby league player and coach
1968 –
Gerry Dee , Canadian comedian, actor, and screenwriter
1968 –
Junot Diaz , Dominican-born American novelist, short story writer, and essayist
1970 –
Jorjão , Brazilian footballer
1970 –
Danny McNamara , English singer-songwriter
1970 –
Carlos Morales Quintana , Spanish-Danish architect and sailor
1970 –
Bryon Russell , American basketball player
1971 –
Brent Barry , American basketball player and sportscaster
1971 –
Esteban Loaiza , Mexican baseball player
1971 –
Heath Shuler , American football player and politician
[32]
1972 –
Grégory Coupet , French footballer
1972 –
Scott Manley , Scottish YouTube personality
1973 –
Shandon Anderson , American basketball player
1973 –
Malcolm Middleton , Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist
1973 –
Curtis Myden , Canadian swimmer
1974 –
Joe Abercrombie , English author
1974 –
Mario Aerts , Belgian cyclist
1974 –
Tony Kanaan , Brazilian race car driver
1974 –
Ryan Sakoda , Japanese-American wrestler and trainer
1975 –
Rami Alanko , Finnish ice hockey player
1975 –
Toni Kuivasto , Finnish footballer and coach
1975 –
Rob Penders , Dutch footballer
1975 –
Sander Schutgens , Dutch runner
1976 –
Luís Carreira , Portuguese motorcycle racer (d. 2012)
1976 –
Matthew Hoggard , English cricketer
1977 –
Wardy Alfaro , Costa Rican footballer and coach
1979 –
Paul O'Neill , English racing driver
1979 –
Jeff Waldstreicher , American lawyer and politician
1980 –
Jesse Carlson , American baseball player
1980 –
Matt Cross , American wrestler
1980 –
Richie McCaw , New Zealand rugby player
1980 –
Carsten Schlangen , German runner
1981 –
Jason Campbell , American football player
1981 –
Francisco García , Dominican basketball player
[33]
1981 –
Matthew Pavlich , Australian footballer
1981 –
Margaret Simpson , Ghanaian heptathlete
1981 –
Ricky Whittle , English actor
1982 –
Julio DePaula , Dominican baseball player
1982 –
Craig Gordon , Scottish footballer
1982 –
Luke Schenscher , Australian basketball player
1982 –
The Rocket Summer , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1983 –
Jana Veselá , Czech basketball player
[34]
1984 –
Corey Crawford , Canadian ice hockey player
[35]
1984 –
Ben Hannant , Australian rugby league player
1984 –
Édgar Lugo , Mexican footballer
1984 –
Calvin Zola , Congolese footballer
1985 –
Jonathan Horton , American gymnast
1985 –
Jan Smit , Dutch singer and television host
1986 –
Nate Freiman , American baseball player
1986 –
Kade Snowden , Australian rugby league player
1987 –
Javaris Crittenton , American basketball player
1987 –
Danny Holla , Dutch footballer
1987 –
Nemanja Nikolić , Hungarian footballer
1988 –
Michal Řepík , Czech ice hockey player
[36]
1989 –
Ryo Aitaka , Japanese kickboxer and professional wrestler
[37]
1989 –
Kelvin Herrera , Dominican baseball player
[38]
1991 –
Dennis Everberg , Swedish ice hockey player
[39]
1991 –
ND Stevenson , American cartoonist
1992 –
Amy Cure , Australian track cyclist
1992 –
Karl Kruuda , Estonian racing driver
1995 –
Gabby Douglas , American gymnast
[40]
1995 –
Edmond Sumner , American basketball player
[41]
1996 –
J. J. Arcega-Whiteside , Spanish-American football player
[42]
1997 –
Cameron Carter-Vickers , English-American soccer player
[43]
2000 –
Alycia Parks , American tennis player
[44]
2001 –
Katie Volynets , American tennis player
[45]
2002 –
Joe Scally , American soccer player
[46]
Deaths
Pre-1600
45 BC –
Quintus Fabius Maximus , consul suffectus
192 –
Commodus , Roman emperor (b. 161)
[47]
335 –
Pope Sylvester I
669 –
Li Shiji , Chinese general (b. 594)
914 –
Ibn Hawshab , founder of the
Isma'ili community in Yemen
[48]
1032 –
Ahmad Maymandi , Persian statesman, vizier of the
Ghaznavid Empire
[49]
1164 –
Ottokar III of Styria (b. 1124)
1194 –
Leopold V, Duke of Austria (b. 1157)
1298 –
Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd Earl of Hereford , English politician,
Lord High Constable of England (b. 1249)
1299 –
Margaret, Countess of Anjou (b. 1273)
1302 –
Frederick III, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1238)
1384 –
John Wycliffe , English philosopher, theologian, and translator (b. 1331)
1386 –
Johanna of Bavaria, Queen of Bohemia (b. c. 1362)
1426 –
Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (b. 1377)
1439 –
Margaret Holland , English noblewoman (b. 1385)
1460 –
Richard Neville, 5th Earl of Salisbury , English politician,
Lord Chancellor of the United Kingdom (b. 1400)
1510 –
Bianca Maria Sforza , Holy Roman Empress (b. 1472)
1535 –
William Skeffington , English-Irish politician,
Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1465)
1568 –
Shimazu Tadayoshi , Japanese daimyō (b. 1493)
1575 –
Pierino Belli , Italian commander and jurist (b. 1502)
1583 –
Thomas Erastus , Swiss physician and theologian (b. 1524)
1601–1900
1610 –
Ludolph van Ceulen , German-Dutch mathematician and academic (b. 1540)
1637 –
Christian, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen , German count (b. 1585)
[50]
1650 –
Dorgon , Chinese emperor (b. 1612)
1655 –
Janusz Radziwiłł , Polish–Lithuanian politician (b. 1612)
1655 –
Sir John Wray, 2nd Baronet , English politicians and Roundheads supporter (b. 1586)
[51]
1673 –
Oliver St John , English judge and politician,
Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (b. 1598)
1679 –
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli , Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)
1691 –
Robert Boyle , Anglo-Irish chemist and physicist (b. 1627)
[52]
1691 –
Dudley North , English merchant and economist (b. 1641)
1705 –
Catherine of Braganza (b. 1638)
1719 –
John Flamsteed , English astronomer and academic (b. 1646)
1730 –
Carlo Gimach , Maltese architect, engineer and poet (b. 1651)
1742 –
Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine (b. 1661)
1775 –
Richard Montgomery , American general (b. 1738)
1799 –
Jean-François Marmontel , French historian and author (b. 1723)
1818 –
Jean-Pierre Duport , French cellist (b. 1741)
1872 –
Aleksis Kivi , Finnish author and playwright (b. 1834)
1876 –
Catherine Labouré , French nun and saint (b. 1806)
1877 –
Gustave Courbet , French-Swiss painter and sculptor (b. 1819)
1888 –
Samson Raphael Hirsch , German rabbi and scholar (b. 1808)
1889 –
Ion Creangă , Romanian author and educator (b. 1837)
1889 –
George Kerferd , English-Australian politician, 10th
Premier of Victoria (b. 1831)
1890 –
Pancha Carrasco , Costa Rican soldier (b. 1826)
1891 –
Samuel Ajayi Crowther , Nigerian bishop and linguist (b. 1809)
1894 –
Thomas Joannes Stieltjes , Dutch mathematician and academic (b. 1856)
1901–present
1909 –
Spencer Trask , American financier and philanthropist (b. 1844)
1910 –
Archibald Hoxsey , American pilot (b. 1884)
1910 –
John Moisant , American pilot and engineer (b. 1868)
1921 –
Boies Penrose , American lawyer and politician (b. 1860)
1934 –
Cornelia Clapp , American marine biologist (b. 1849)
[53]
1936 –
Miguel de Unamuno , Spanish philosopher, author, and poet (b. 1864)
1948 –
Malcolm Campbell , English racing driver and journalist (b. 1885)
1949 –
Rıza Tevfik Bölükbaşı , Turkish philosopher, poet, and politician (b. 1869)
1949 –
Raimond Valgre , Estonian pianist and composer (b. 1913)
1950 –
Charles Koechlin , French composer and educator (b. 1867)
1951 –
Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri , Indian Muslim scholar (b. 1868)
1953 –
Albert Plesman , Dutch businessman, founded
KLM (b. 1889)
1964 –
Bobby Byrne , American baseball and soccer player (b. 1884)
1964 –
Ólafur Thors , Icelandic lawyer and politician, 8th
Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1892)
1964 –
Henry Maitland Wilson , English field marshal (b. 1881)
1968 –
George Lewis , American clarinet player and composer (b. 1900)
1970 –
Cyril Scott , English composer, writer, and poet (b. 1879)
1972 –
Roberto Clemente , Puerto Rican-American baseball player and Marine (b. 1934)
1972 –
Henry Gerber , German-American activist, founded the
Society for Human Rights (b. 1892)
1978 –
Basil Wolverton , American illustrator (b. 1909)
1980 –
Marshall McLuhan , Canadian philosopher and theorist (b. 1911)
1980 –
Raoul Walsh , American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1887)
1983 –
Sevim Burak , Turkish author and playwright (b. 1931)
1985 –
Ricky Nelson , American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1940)
1987 –
Jerry Turner , American journalist (b. 1929)
1988 –
Nicolas Calas , Greek-American poet and critic (b. 1907)
1990 –
George Allen , American football player and coach (b. 1918)
1990 –
Vasily Lazarev , Russian physician, colonel, and astronaut (b. 1928)
1990 –
Giovanni Michelucci , Italian architect and urban planner, designed the
Firenze Santa Maria Novella railway station (b. 1891)
1993 –
Zviad Gamsakhurdia , Georgian anthropologist and politician, 1st
President of Georgia (b. 1939)
1993 –
Brandon Teena , American murder victim (b. 1972)
1993 –
Big Bertha , Irish
cattle and twice
Guinness World Record holder (oldest cow, cow with most offspring) (b. 1945)
[54]
1994 –
Woody Strode , American football player, wrestler, and actor (b. 1914)
1996 –
Wesley Addy , American actor (b. 1913)
1997 –
Floyd Cramer , American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1933)
1997 –
Billie Dove , American actress (b. 1903)
1998 –
Ted Glossop , Australian rugby league player and coach (b. 1934)
1999 –
Elliot Richardson , American lawyer and politician, 69th
United States Attorney General (b. 1920)
1999 –
Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi , Indian Muslim scholar and author (b. 1914)
2000 –
Alan Cranston , American journalist and politician (b. 1914)
2000 –
José Greco , Italian-American dancer and choreographer (b. 1918)
2000 –
Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane , American-Israeli rabbi and scholar (b. 1966)
2001 –
Eileen Heckart , American actress (b. 1919)
2002 –
Kevin MacMichael , Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer (b. 1951)
[55]
2003 –
Arthur R. von Hippel German-American physicist and author (b. 1898)
2004 –
Gérard Debreu , French economist and mathematician,
Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
2005 –
Enrico Di Giuseppe , American tenor and educator (b. 1932)
2005 –
Phillip Whitehead , English screenwriter, producer, and politician (b. 1937)
2006 –
Ya'akov Hodorov , Israeli footballer (b. 1927)
[56]
2006 –
Seymour Martin Lipset , American sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1922)
2006 –
George Sisler, Jr. , American businessman (b. 1917)
2007 –
Roy Amara , American scientific researcher (b. 1925)
2007 –
Michael Goldberg , American painter and educator (b. 1924)
2007 –
Bill Idelson , American actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1919)
2007 –
Milton L. Klein , Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1910)
2007 –
Ettore Sottsass , Austrian-Italian architect and designer (b. 1917)
2008 –
Donald E. Westlake , American author and screenwriter (b. 1933)
2009 –
Cahal Daly , Irish cardinal and philosopher (b. 1917)
2009 –
Justin Keating , Irish surgeon, journalist, and politician,
Minister for Industry and Commerce (b. 1930)
2010 –
Raymond Impanis , Belgian cyclist (b. 1925)
2010 –
Per Oscarsson , Swedish actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
2012 –
Peter Ebert , English director and producer (b. 1918)
2012 –
Tarak Mekki , Tunisian businessman and politician (b. 1958)
2012 –
Jovette Marchessault , Canadian author and playwright (b. 1938)
2012 –
Günter Rössler , German photographer and journalist (b. 1926)
2013 –
James Avery , American actor (b. 1945)
2013 –
Roberto Ciotti , Italian guitarist and composer (b. 1953)
2013 –
Bob Grant , American radio host (b. 1929)
2013 –
Irina Korschunow , German author and screenwriter (b. 1925)
2014 –
Edward Herrmann , American actor (b. 1943)
2014 –
Abdullah Hussain , Malaysian author (b. 1920)
2014 –
Norm Phelps , American author and activist (b. 1939)
2014 –
S. Arthur Spiegel , American captain, lawyer, and judge (b. 1920)
2014 –
Valerian Wellesley, 8th Duke of Wellington , British soldier and politician (b. 1915)
2015 –
Natalie Cole , American singer-songwriter and actress (b. 1950)
[57]
2015 –
Wayne Rogers , American actor and investor (b. 1933)
[58]
[59]
2016 –
William Christopher , American actor (b. 1932)
[60]
2018 –
Kader Khan , Indian actor (b. 1937)
[61]
2021 –
Betty White , American actress, comedian and producer (b. 1922)
[62]
2022 –
Pope Benedict XVI , German Roman Catholic cardinal and theologian, pope (2005–2013) and archbishop of Munich and Freising (1977–1982) (b. 1927)
[63]
2022 –
Barry Lane , English golfer (b. 1960)
[64]
2023 –
Cale Yarborough , American
Hall of Fame racing driver and founder of
Cale Yarborough Motorsports ,
NASCAR Cup Series champion (
1976 ,
1977 ,
1978 ) (b. 1939)
[65]
Holidays and observances
See also
References
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"Calendar of Feast Days" .
^
Empires besieged : time frame--AD 200-600 . Alexandria, Va. : Time-Life Books. 1988. p. 38.
ISBN
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^ Kruse, Marion (4 October 2019). The Politics of Roman Memory: From the Fall of the Western Empire to the Age of Justinian . University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 117.
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^ Albert Hugh Smith (1980).
The Parker Chronicle 832-900 . University of Exeter. p. 26.
ISBN
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^ Robinson, I. S. (2003) [1999]. Henry IV of Germany, 1056–1106 . Cambridge University Press. p. 336.
ISBN
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^ F. Xavier Hernández Cardona; Xavier Rubio Campillo (October 2010). Breve Historia de la guerra antigua y medieval (Brief history of the old and medieval war) (in Spanish). Fareso. p. 211.
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^ Low, C. R. (1875).
"History of the Indian Navy: Chapter I. 1600-1622" . The United Service Magazine (3). H. Colburn: 148. Retrieved 5 September 2022 .
^
Urbina, María Ximena (2017).
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Aviation Safety Network .
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"Death toll rises to 39 in Russian apartment block collapse" .
The Guardian . 2019-01-03. Retrieved 2019-01-07 .
^
"Pneumonia of unknown cause – China" . WHO .
^ Zhou, Peng; Yang, Xing-Lou; Wang, Xian-Guang; Hu, Ben; Zhang, Lei; Zhang, Wei; Si, Hao-Rui; Zhu, Yan; Li, Bei; Huang, Chao-Lin; Chen, Hui-Dong; Chen, Jing; Luo, Yun; Guo, Hua; Jiang, Ren-Di; Liu, Mei-Qin; Chen, Ying; Shen, Xu-Rui; Wang, Xi; Zheng, Xiao-Shuang; Zhao, Kai; Chen, Quan-Jiao; Deng, Fei; Liu, Lin-Lin; Yan, Bing; Zhan, Fa-Xian; Wang, Yan-Yi; Xiao, Geng-Fu; Shi, Zheng-Li (March 2020).
"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin" . Nature . 579 (7798): 270–273.
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10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7 .
PMC
7095418 .
PMID
32015507 .
^
"WHO issues its first emergency use validation for a COVID-19 vaccine and emphasizes need for equitable global access" . www.who.int . Retrieved 2021-02-16 .
^
"WHO clears Pfizer coronavirus vaccine for emergency use" . PBS NewsHour . 2020-12-31. Retrieved 2021-02-16 .
^ Smith, Marylnn J. (1991). "Marie (-Catherine-Sophie de Flavigne), Comtesse d'Agoult". In Wilson, Katharina M. (ed.). An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers Volume 1 . New York: Garland. p. 7.
ISBN
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^ Majander, Mikko.
"FAGERHOLM, Karl-August (1901–1984)" . Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (in Swedish). Retrieved December 31, 2021 .
^
"Davis Cup Player Profile: Enrique Maier" . www.daviscup.com . Retrieved 2022-10-21 .
^
"UW Football Mourns Passing Of Husky Legend Hugh McElhenny" .
University of Washington . 23 June 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022 .
^
"Cliff Richey | Overview | ATP Tour | Tennis" . ATP Tour . Retrieved 2022-10-21 .
^
"Alex Salmond | Biography & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . Retrieved 9 January 2023 .
^
"Hong Kong Cinemagic - Nina Li Chi" .
^
"About Jennifer Higdon" . jenniferhigdon.com . Retrieved 2 June 2018 .
^
"Heath Shuler" .
ESPN . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Francisco Garcia" .
National Basketball Association . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Jana Vesela" .
WNBA . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Corey Crawford" .
National Hockey League . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Michal Repik" .
National Hockey League . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Aitaka Ryo" .
K-1 . 17 March 2023. Retrieved 31 December 2023 .
^
"Kelvin Herrera" .
Major League Baseball . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Dennis Everberg" .
National Hockey League . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Gabrielle Douglas" . IOC . Retrieved 31 December 2020 .
^
"Edmond Sumner" .
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^
"J.J. Arcega-Whiteside" .
ESPN . Retrieved 29 December 2023 .
^
"Cameron Carter-Vickers" . Retrieved 31 December 2023 .
^
"Alycia Parks | Player Stats & More – WTA Official" . Women's Tennis Association . Retrieved 2022-10-17 .
^
"Katie Volynets | Player Stats & More – WTA Official" . Women's Tennis Association . Retrieved 2022-10-17 .
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^ Anthony R Birley (6 December 2012).
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^
Halm, Heinz (1991). Das Reich des Mahdi: Der Aufstieg der Fatimiden [The Empire of the Mahdi: The Rise of the Fatimids ] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 176–179.
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^ Haarmann, Torsten (2014). Das Haus Waldeck und Pyrmont. Mehr als 900 Jahre Gesamtgeschichte mit Stammfolge . Deutsche Fürstenhäuser (in German). Vol. Heft 35. Werl: Börde-Verlag. p. 48.
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^
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^ Reynolds, Moira Davison (2004). American Women Scientists: 23 Inspiring Biographies, 1900-2000 . Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 8.
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^
"My Travels: Turtle Bunbury in Ireland" .
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^
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^
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^ Pareles, Jon (1 January 2016).
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"Actor-screenwriter Kader Khan passes away" . Indian Express . 1 January 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2019 .
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Cale Yarborough, three-time NASCAR champion in '70s, dies at 84
External links