Calendar year
Calendar year
2023 (
MMXXIII ) was a
common year starting on Sunday of the
Gregorian calendar , the 2023rd year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 23rd year of the
3rd millennium and the
21st century , and the 4th year of the
2020s decade.
Calendar year
The year 2023 saw the decline in severity of the
COVID-19 pandemic , with the
WHO (World Health Organization) ending its
global health emergency status in May. Catastrophic natural disasters included the
fifth-deadliest earthquake of the 21st century
striking
Turkey and
Syria , leaving up to 62,000 people dead,
Cyclone Freddy – the longest-lasting recorded tropical cyclone in history – leading to over 1,400 deaths in
Malawi and
Mozambique ,
Storm Daniel , which became the deadliest cyclone worldwide since
Cyclone Nargis after killing at least 11,000 people in
Libya , a major
6.8 magnitude earthquake striking western
Morocco , killing 2,960 people, and a
6.3 magnitude quadruple earthquake striking western
Afghanistan , killing over 1,400 people.
The
Russian invasion of Ukraine and
Myanmar civil war continued in 2023, and a
series of
coups , several armed conflicts, and
political crises broke out in numerous African nations, most notably a
war in Sudan . An escalation of the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict occurred in October when
Hamas , which governs the
Gaza Strip , led an
attack on
Israel , leading the latter to
declare war on Hamas . The
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict ended after over 100,000
Armenians
fled the region after an
Azeri military invasion .
A
banking crisis resulted in the collapse of numerous
American regional banks as well as the
buyout of
Credit Suisse by
UBS in
Switzerland . The two largest American banks to collapse were
Silicon Valley Bank and
First Republic Bank , two of the three largest
banking collapses in US history. The most notable of numerous acquisitions in various industries included October's energy acquisitions with
ExxonMobil and
Chevron buying
Pioneer Natural Resources and
Hess respectively, the luxury fashion holding company
Tapestry (
Coach New York and
Kate Spade New York ) announcing its purchase of
Capri Holdings (Michael Kors and
Versace ), and the closure of
Microsoft 's
acquisition of
Activision Blizzard .
In the realm of technology, 2023 saw
the continued rise of generative AI models , with increasing applications across various industries. These models, leveraging advancements in
machine learning and
natural language processing , had become capable of creating realistic and coherent text, images, and music.
An AI arms race between private companies has continued since the late 2010s, with Microsoft-backed
OpenAI and
Google owner
Alphabet today most dominant among firms.
[1]
Events
January
January 1 –
Croatia adopts the
euro and joins the
Schengen Area , becoming the 20th member state of the
Eurozone and the 27th member of the Schengen Area. This is the first enlargement of the Eurozone since
Lithuania 's entry in
2015 , and the first enlargement of the Schengen Area since
Liechtenstein 's entry in
2011 .
[2]
[3]
January 5 – The
funeral of
Pope Benedict XVI is held at
St. Peter's Square in the
Vatican City .
[4] The funeral was attended by an estimated 50,000 people.
[5]
January 8
January 9 –
Juliaca massacre : At least 18 people are killed and over 100 others are injured when the
Peruvian National Police fire upon
demonstrations in
Juliaca .
[11]
January 10 –
17 – A
cold snap in Afghanistan kills 166 people and nearly 80,000 livestock.
[12]
January 15 –
Yeti Airlines Flight 691 crashes during final approach into
Pokhara ,
Nepal , killing all 72 people on board.
[13]
January 16 –
Tigray War :
Amharan Special Forces withdraw from the
Tigray Region in line with an
African Union -backed
peace agreement between the
Ethiopian government and the
Tigray People's Liberation Front .
[14]
January 17 –
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc resigns as
President of Vietnam amid several recent scandals in
the government .
[15]
January 18 –
A helicopter crash in
Brovary near
Kyiv ,
Ukraine kills 14 people including
Ukrainian Minister of Internal Affairs
Denys Monastyrsky .
[16]
[17]
[18]
January 20 – The
Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago
elects former
senate president, minister and lawyer
Christine Kangaloo as
president in a 48–22 vote.
[19]
January 21
January 25 –
Chris Hipkins succeeds
Jacinda Ardern as
Prime Minister of New Zealand ,
[22] six days after she announced
her resignation .
[23]
January 27 – Widespread unrest erupts in
Israel following an
Israeli military
raid in
Jenin the previous day which killed nine Palestinians. Incendiary air balloons are launched into Israeli-populated areas following it. Israel responds with targeted airstrikes. Later the same day, seven Jewish civilians
are killed in a synagogue in
Neve Yaakov in a terrorist attack.
[24]
[25]
January 27 –
28 – The second round of the
2023 Czech presidential election is held, with
Petr Pavel declared winner.
[26]
January 30
February
February 1 –
Lebanese liquidity crisis : The
central bank of
Lebanon devalues the
Lebanese pound by 90% amid an ongoing
financial crisis .
[31]
February 2
February 3
February 5
February 6 – A 7.8
earthquake strikes southern and central
Turkey and northern and western
Syria followed by a 7.7 Mww aftershock on the same day, causing widespread damage and at more than 59,000 fatalities and 121,000 injured.
[43]
[44]
[45]
February 13 – The
2023 Bangladeshi presidential election scheduled for 19 February is held, with
Shahabuddin Chuppu of the
Awami League , the only nominated candidate, elected unopposed.
[46]
[47]
[48]
[49]
[50]
February 14 – The
European Parliament approves a ban on the sale of new petrol and diesel
vehicles in the
European Union from 2035, citing the need to combat
climate change in Europe and promote
electric vehicles .
[51]
February 16 – Lawmakers in the
Russian
State Duma vote to withdraw Russia from 21 conventions of the
Council of Europe .
[52]
February 17 – The
South African Navy hosts a ten-day joint
military exercise in the
Indian Ocean with
Russia and
China .
[53]
February 19 –
Libyan Crisis : The
African Union announces the organization of a
peace conference to address the instability in
Libya .
[54]
February 21 – Vladimir Putin announces that Russia is suspending its participation in
New START , a nuclear arms reduction treaty with the US.
[55]
February 23 –
Oman opens its
airspace to
Israeli
airlines for the first time, in an upgrade of
bilateral relations .
[56]
February 25 –
2023 Nigerian general election :
Bola Tinubu is elected as Nigeria's
president , defeating former
vice president
Atiku Abubakar and
Peter Obi .
[57]
[58]
February 27 – The United Kingdom and the European Union reach an
agreement surrounding modifications to the
Northern Ireland Protocol .
[59]
February 28 – A
train crash in
Thessaly ,
Greece , kills 57 people and injures dozens. The crash leads to nationwide
protests and strikes against the condition of Greek railways and their mismanagement.
[60]
[61]
March
March 2 – The
National Assembly of Vietnam declares
Võ Văn Thưởng as the country's new president after receiving 98.38% votes from the Vietnamese parliament.
[62]
March 3 – A mass shooting at Club Oasis in
West Point , Mississippi, leaves 1 dead and 12 injured.
March 4
March 5 – The
2023 Estonian parliamentary election is held, with two centre-right liberal parties gaining an absolute majority for the first time.
[66]
March 8 –
21 – The
2023 World Baseball Classic is held in, and won by,
Japan .
[67]
March 8 –
Allied Democratic Forces jihadist insurgents use machetes to
kill about 35 people in the village of Mukondi,
North Kivu ,
Democratic Republic of the Congo .
[68]
March 10
March 14 –
OpenAI launches
GPT-4 , a large language model for
ChatGPT , which can respond to images and can process up to 25,000 words.
[74]
March 17 – The
International Criminal Court issues
an arrest warrant for Russian president
Vladimir Putin and
Maria Lvova-Belova , Russian Commissioner for Children's Rights, marking the first arrest warrant against a leader of a
permanent member of the
United Nations Security Council .
[75]
[76]
March 19 – In a deal brokered by the
Swiss government , investment bank
UBS
agrees to buy
Credit Suisse for
CHF 3 billion (US$3.2 billion ) in an all-stock deal.
[77]
[78]
[79]
March 20 – The
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the synthesis report of its
Sixth Assessment Report on
climate change .
[80]
March 23 –
World Athletics , the global governing body for athletics, bans
trans women who have gone through male
puberty from competing in female events.
[81]
March 24 –
27 – A
tornado outbreak kills at least 26 people in Mississippi and Alabama. This includes a
violent tornado which devastated the city of
Rolling Fork and the town of
Silver City in Mississippi, killing 16 people and injuring 165 others.
[82]
[83]
March 26
March 29
March 30 – The
International Court of Justice rules that the
United States violated its
Treaty of Amity with
Iran when it allowed its domestic courts to freeze assets held by Iranian companies.
[90]
March 31 –
April 1 – A
historic and widespread tornado outbreak occurs in the United States, killing 33 people, injuring more than 218 others, and caused over $5.4 billion in damage. This tornado outbreak produced 147 tornadoes, making it the third largest
tornado outbreak in history.
[91]
April
May
June
June 2 – A
train collision in
Odisha ,
India results in at least 296 deaths and more than 1,200 others injured.
[138]
June 6
June 11 –
Honduras opens its first
embassy in
Beijing ,
China , after breaking off relations with
Taiwan in March.
[146]
June 12 –
Eritrea rejoins the
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
trade bloc after suspending its membership in 2007.
[147]
June 13 – At least 106 people are killed when a wedding boat
capsizes on the
Niger River in
Kwara State ,
Nigeria .
[148]
June 14
June 18 –
Titan submersible implosion : All five crew members of
Titan , a deep-sea
submersible exploring the
wreck of the
Titanic , are killed following a catastrophic implosion of the vessel.
[151]
June 19
June 20 – At least 46 people are killed after
a riot between
MS-13 and
Barrio 18 gang members at a women's prison near
Tegucigalpa ,
Honduras .
[154]
June 23 –
Russian invasion of Ukraine : The
Wagner Group , led by
Yevgeny Prigozhin ,
begins an armed conflict with the Russian military, seizing the city of
Rostov-on-Don and portions of the
Voronezh Oblast before withdrawing the next day, after a peace agreement brokered by Belarusian President
Alexander Lukashenko .
[155]
June 25 – The
June 2023 Greek legislative election is held;
Kyriakos Mitsotakis becomes
prime minister after his
centre-right
party ,
New Democracy , wins a majority of seats in the
Greek parliament .
[156]
June 28 – The
2023 Sierra Leonean general election is held;
Julius Maada Bio of the
Sierra Leone People's Party is re-elected
president .
[157]
June 30 – The
United Nations Security Council votes unanimously to end
MINUSMA , its peacekeeping mission in
Mali .
[158]
July
July 3
July 4 –
Iran joins the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation , becoming the organization's ninth member.
[162]
July 8 – In the Netherlands,
the governing coalition collapses and
Prime Minister
Mark Rutte announces his upcoming resignation.
[163]
July 9
July 10
July 13 –
Pita Limjaroenrat fails to become
Prime Minister of Thailand in a
National Assembly vote after forming a coalition with pro-democracy parties following the
2023 Thai general election .
[168]
July 14 –
SAG-AFTRA announces it will begin
a strike against the major film and TV studios in protest of low compensation, ownership of work, and
generative AI .
[169]
July 19 –
Typhoon Doksuri forms in the eastern
Pacific Ocean , going on to kill 137 people in
Southeast Asia .
[170]
July 20 –
August 20 – The
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is held in
Australia and
New Zealand . In the
final ,
Spain wins 1–0 against
England .
[171]
July 20 –
Bolivia and
Iran sign a
memorandum of understanding , in an upgrade of
bilateral relations, expanding cooperation in the security and defense sectors.
[172]
July 21 – The films
Barbie and
Oppenheimer open, while being paired as a major internet and cultural event,
Barbenheimer .
[173]
[174]
July 23
July 26 – President
Mohamed Bazoum of
Niger is toppled in a
coup d'état after members of his presidential guard and
the armed forces seize control of the country and install General
Abdourahamane Tchiani as leader of a
military junta .
[181]
[182]
July 30 – 63 people are killed and over 200 are injured after a
suicide bombing occurs in
Khar, Pakistan ; the
Islamic State – Khorasan Province claims responsibility for the attack.
[183]
August
August 1 –
Global warming : The world's
oceans reach a new record high temperature of 20.96 °C (69.73 °F), exceeding the previous record in 2016. July is also the hottest month on record for globally averaged
surface air temperatures by a considerable margin (0.3 °C (32.5 °F)).
[184]
[185]
[186]
August 8 –
2023 Hawaii wildfires : 17,000 acres of land are burned and at least 101 people are killed, with two others missing, when a series of
wildfires break out on the island of
Maui in
Hawaii .
[187]
August 10 –
Tapestry , the holding company of
Coach New York and
Kate Spade , announces it will acquire
Michael Kors '
Capri Holdings , which also owns
Versace and
Jimmy Choo .
[188]
August 16 –
21 –
Hurricane Hilary , a Category 4 Pacific Hurricane, strikes the
Baja California peninsula and later
Southern California , the region's first in 84 years.
[189]
August 18 –
American–Japanese–Korean trilateral pact : The United States, Japan, and South Korea agree to sign a trilateral pact.
[190]
August 20 –
2023 Guatemalan presidential election : After two rounds of voting,
Bernardo Arévalo of
Semilla is elected with 58% of the vote.
[191]
[192]
August 21
August 23
August 30 – Following the announcement of incumbent president
Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection as
President of
Gabon after the
2023 presidential election , the
military launches
a successful coup d'état and creates the
Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions to govern the country, ending the rule of the
Bongo family after 56 years in power.
[200]
August 31 –
2023 Johannesburg building fire : 77 people are killed and more than 85 are injured in a fire in a building that had been taken over by gangs who rented it out to
squatters .
[201]
[202]
September
September 1 –
2023 Singaporean presidential election : Economist and former
deputy prime minister
Tharman Shanmugaratnam is elected
president with a vote share of over 70%.
[203]
September 2 – The
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launches
Aditya-L1 , India's first solar observation mission.
[204]
September 8 –
October 28 – The
2023 Rugby World Cup is held in
France .
South Africa beat
New Zealand 12-11 in the final at the
Stade de France , claiming their 4th Rugby World Cup title.
[205]
8 September –
2023 Marrakesh–Safi earthquake : A 6.9 magnitude earthquake strikes
Marrakesh–Safi province in western
Morocco , killing at least 2,960 people and damaging historic buildings.
[206]
September 9 – At the
18th G20 summit in
New Delhi , the
African Union is announced as the 21st permanent member of the
G20 .
[207]
September 10 –
Storm Daniel , a
Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone kills at least 5,000 people, with a further 10,000 to 100,000 reported missing. In the city of
Derna in
Libya , two dams
collapse , resulting in a quarter of the city being destroyed.
[208]
September 14 – The
European Central Bank (ECB) raises
eurozone interest rates to an all-time high of 4%, amid ongoing inflationary pressures across the continent.
[209]
September 15 – The
United Auto Workers (UAW) begin
a strike against the
three largest American automakers , namely
Ford ,
General Motors , and
Stellantis .
[210]
[211]
September 19 –
Nagorno-Karabakh conflict :
Azerbaijan launches
a military offensive against the
Armenia -backed
Republic of Artsakh , which ends with a swift
Azerbaijani victory.
[212]
Protests erupt in Armenia, Artsakh announces the dissolution of
government institutions , and over 100,000 ethnic
Armenians
flee
Nagorno-Karabakh .
[213]
[214]
September 20 – Archaeologists in
Zambia find the world's
oldest wooden structure , dating back 476,000 years, consisting of two interlocking wooden logs connected by a notch securing one perpendicular to the other.
[215]
September 21 –
Rupert Murdoch announces his retirement and passes his businesses on to his son
Lachlan . Murdoch led
News Corp and
Fox , and formerly
Sky Group .
[216]
[217]
September 24 –
2023 Nigerien crisis :
French President
Emmanuel Macron announces that France will end its military presence in Niger and will recall its
ambassador from the country.
[218]
September 25 – An estimated 170 people are killed and over 300 are injured during a
explosion at a gas station in
Stepanakert ,
Nagorno-Karabakh .
[219]
September 30 –
2023 Slovak parliamentary election :
Smer , under the leadership of former prime minister
Robert Fico , wins a plurality of seats in the
National Council .
[220]
[221]
October
October 3
October 7
October 8 – Israel's
Security Cabinet formally
declares war for the first time since the
Yom Kippur War in 1973.
[229]
October 11 –
ExxonMobil announces it will acquire
Pioneer Natural Resources for $65 billion USD, the first of two major energy industry acquisitions of the month. The second occurs less than two weeks later on 23 October, where
Hess announces it will be acquired by
Chevron for $50 billion.
[230]
[231]
October 13 – After British regulators' approval,
Microsoft closes its $68.7 billion USD
acquisition of
Activision Blizzard .
[232]
October 14
October 15
October 17 –
An explosion occurs at the
Al-Ahli Arab Hospital , where displaced Palestinians are taking refuge. Many fatalities are reported, but estimates vary significantly, from 100 to as many as 471, depending on the source.
[240]
October 22 –
2023 Swiss federal election : The
Swiss People's Party retains its majority in the
National Council .
[241]
October 25 –
Hurricane Otis , an
eastern Pacific tropical cyclone , makes landfall in
Mexico near
Acapulco , leaving at least 80 dead. It is the most powerful hurricane to make landfall in Mexico, with the highest winds reaching 165 mph, surpassing
Hurricane Patricia 's
landfall in 2015 .
[242]
October 31 –
Israel
intercepted a
Yemeni Houthi
ballistic missile with its
Arrow 2 missile defense system. The interception occurred above Earth's atmosphere above the
Negev Desert , making it the first instance of
space combat in history.
[243]
[244]
November
November 1 – The first
AI Safety Summit takes place in the
United Kingdom , with 28 countries signing a "world first agreement" on how to manage the riskiest forms of
artificial intelligence .
[245]
[246]
November 2 –
The Beatles release "
Now and Then ", the band's last ever song, featuring restored vocals by
John Lennon (1940–1980), as well as guitar tracks by
George Harrison (1943–2001).
[247]
November 6 –
2023 Israel–Hamas war : The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 10,000.
United Nations
Secretary General
António Guterres calls for a humanitarian
ceasefire to increase the flow of aid to civilians.
[248]
November 7 – The Portuguese
Prime Minister
António Costa announces his pending resignation.
[249]
[250] The
President of Portugal decides to dissolve the parliament and call for
early elections to be held on 10 March 2024.
[251]
November 9 – U.S. surgeons at
NYU Langone Health announce the
world's first whole eye transplant .
[252]
November 10 – In the
Falepili Union treaty,
Australia grants "special"
freedom of movement and
defence rights to
Tuvaluans for
residence and employment for
climate reasons.
[253]
November 14 –
17 – President Biden hosts the
APEC summit in San Francisco which Chinese president
Xi Jinping attends.
[254] Both countries at the conclusion of the summit agree to re-open suspended channels of military communications and to cooperate in their fight against
climate change .
[255]
[256]
November 17 – The
global average temperature temporarily exceeds 2 °C above the pre-industrial average for the first time in recorded history.
[257]
November 19
November 22
November 24 –
Somalia is admitted as the eighth member of the
East African Community , having applied for membership in 2012.
[262]
November 26 – The
Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2023 is held in
Nice ,
France .
[263] France wins the competition with the song "
Cœur " ("Heart"), performed by
Zoé Clauzure .
[264]
November 30 – Brazil announces it will join
OPEC+ at a meeting of the organization to discuss oil output strategy in 2024.
[265] Brazil is the largest oil producer in
South America , producing 4.6 million barrels per day of oil and gas.
[266]
December
December 3 –
2023 Guayana Esequiba crisis : Venezuela
votes in a symbolic referendum on whether voters agreed with creating a subdivision in the disputed territory of
Guayana Esequiba currently under the control of neighboring
Guyana . Analysts say the referendum's practical implications are likely to be minimal.
[267]
December 6 –
Google DeepMind releases the
Gemini Language Model . Gemini will act as a
foundational model integrated into Google's existing tools, including
Search and
Bard .
[268]
December 10 –
12 –
2023 Egyptian presidential election : Incumbent
President
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi wins a third term with 89.6 percent of the vote in the election.
[269]
[270]
December 12 – At the
COP28 climate summit in
Dubai , a consensus is reached for countries to "transition away" from fossil fuels, the first such agreement in the conference's 30-year history. The transition is specifically for energy systems, excluding plastics, transport or agriculture.
[271]
[272]
December 16 –
Emir of Kuwait
Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah dies at the age of 86 and is succeeded by his half-brother
Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah .
[273]
December 17 – The
2023 Serbian parliamentary election is held, with the
SNS coalition , led by
Miloš Vučević , winning 128 of 250 seats in the
Serbian National Assembly .
[274]
December 18 – A number of shipping companies announce a temporary suspension of their operations in the
Red Sea due to continued
attacks on vessels by
Houthi rebels.
[275]
December 20 –
2023 Democratic Republic of the Congo general election : Incumbent
President
Félix Tshisekedi wins re-election, defeating two major challengers.
[276]
December 21
December 22 –
2023 Israel–Hamas war : The death toll in Gaza is reported to have passed 20,000, almost 1 percent of its population and surpassing the casualties in the
1948 Arab–Israeli War .
[279]
December 29 –
Russian invasion of Ukraine :
Russia
launches the largest wave of
drones and
missiles on
Ukrainian cities since the start of the war in a overnight assault, killing at least 39 people and injuring at least 160 others.
[280]
[281]
Ukraine
launches a drone assault the following day, killing at least 21 people, including three children, and injuring 110 others, including 17 children.
[282]
[283]
[284]
December 31 –
Queen Margrethe II of
Denmark announces
her abdication effective January 14, 2024, after 52 years on the throne.
[285]
Demographics
The
world population on January 1, 2023 was estimated at 7.943 billion people,
[286] and was expected to increase to 8.119 billion on January 1, 2024.
[287] An estimated 134.3 million births and 60.8 million deaths were expected to take place in 2023.
[288]
[289] The average global
life expectancy was 73.16 years,
[290] an increase of 0.18 years from 2022.
[290] The rate of
child mortality was by the end of the year, expected to have decreased from 2022. Less than 23% of people were living in
extreme poverty (on or below the
international poverty line ), a decrease from 2022. In April,
India surpassed
China as the most populated country in the world.
[291]
Best-selling media
Deaths
Nobel Prizes
Nobel medal
Chemistry –
Moungi Bawendi ,
Louis E. Brus &
Alexey Ekimov , for the discovery and synthesis of
quantum dots .
[296]
Economics –
Claudia Goldin , for her empirical research into female income and employment.
[297]
Literature –
Jon Fosse , for his innovative plays, prose and style, which has come to be known as Fosse minimalism.
[298]
Peace –
Narges Mohammadi , for her works on the promotion of
feminism .
[299]
Physics –
Pierre Agostini ,
Ferenc Krausz &
Anne L'Huillier , for experimental methods that generate
attosecond pulses of light for the study of
electron dynamics in matter.
[300]
Physiology or Medicine –
Katalin Karikó &
Drew Weissman , for their discoveries concerning
nucleoside
base modifications that enabled the development of effective
mRNA vaccines against
COVID-19 .
[301]
References
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^
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^ Buckley, Julia (January 2, 2023).
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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