The
Kars Republic was established in northeastern
Turkey but was abolished in six months by the British High Commissioner.[5]
Pope Benedict released the
encyclicalQuod iam diu (That which has long been) that requested all Catholics everywhere in the world, no matter which side they were on, to pray for a lasting peace and for those who are entrusted to make it during the upcoming peace negotiations in
France.[6]
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson addressed the
65th United States Congress where he cited the number of American men who enlisted and served in
World War I, which ended about a month ago with an
armistice. He concluded: "And throughout it all how fine the spirit of the nation was: what unity of purpose, what untiring zeal!"[9]
Azerbaijani municipal leader
Peri-Khan Sofiyeva was elected to serve on a local counsel for the village council of Karajala, in the
Kakheti Region of
Georgia, becoming the first Muslim women ever to be elected to public office.[10][11]
Some 200 soldiers with the
ANZAC Mounted Division entered the
Arab village of
Surafend,
Palestine and
massacred an estimated 40 men in retaliation for the supposed death of one of their own members of their unit by the villagers. Despite an investigation by
GeneralEdmund Allenby, the unit refused to name the key perpetrators in the massacre and no courts-martial were carried out.[35]
Brigadier GeneralNorman MacEwen, Flight Sergeant Smith, Sergeant Crockett (fitters), and Sergeant Thomas Brown (navigator), accompanied pilots Major A.C.S. Maclaren and Captain Robert Halley who set out on the first flight from
England to
India in a
Handley aircraft. The flight included stops in
Rome,
Malta,
Cairo,
Baghdad, before they finally reached
Karachi on January 15.[46]
Prince Frederick Charles renounced the throne for the
Kingdom of Finland originally awarded to him on October 9 due to the uncertainty as to whether the Finnish population would support a monarchy that had been associated with the old
German Empire.[52]
Film director
Cecil B. DeMille released a second remake of the film western The Squaw Man originally released just four years earlier, based on an experiment that a good film is based on a good story (DeMille would remake it a third time in 1931 when sound in film had become a regular feature). The movie became the fourth-biggest hit of the year. Unfortunately, no full cuts of the film have survived.[54]
Armeno-Georgian War – An encircled Georgian unit defending the retreating flank at
Ayrum,
Georgia broke out and escaped, but at a cost of 560 casualties. Meanwhile, the Armenians began to assault the Georgian-held town of
Sadakhlo.[67]
The name "
Canadian National Railways" was authorized for use to refer to the collection of railway companies that formed
Canada's national rail system.[76]
The
Royal Navy captured Russian destroyers Avtroil and Spartak in the port of
Tallinn,
Estonia during the
British campaign in the Baltic. Russian naval officer
Fyodor Raskolnikov, commander of the Spartak was later exchanged for 17 British prisoners of war in May. However, 40 other sailors were not as lucky, and were executed by the Estonian government on
Naissaar in February despite protests from the
United Kingdom.[100]
Born:Al Purdy, Canadian poet, known for award-winning poetry collections The Cariboo Horses, The Collected Poems of Al Purdy and Rooms for Rent in the Outer Planets, recipient of the
Order of Canada, in
Wooler,
Ontario (d.
2000);
W. Eugene Smith, American photographer, noted for his photo essays with Life magazine, in
Wichita, Kansas (d.
1978)
With the Bolshevik forces occupying
Lithuania, the country's daily newspaper Echo of Lithuania was forced to shut down. It would be revived again in 1928.[117]
^Horbal, Bogdan (1997). Działalność polityczna Łemków na Łemkowszczyźnie 1918–1921 [Political activity of the Lemkos in Lemkivshchyna 1918–1921] (in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawn Arboretum. p. 45.
ISBN978-83-86308-22-4.
OCLC37645527.
^Marder, Arthur Jacob (1970). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919: 1917: Victory and Aftermath. Vol. V. London: Oxford University Press. p. 270.
ISBN0192151878.
^"Kokoomuksen historia" [History of the National Coalition Party]. National Coalition Party (in Finnish). Archived from
the original on 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
^Eric Solsten and Sandra W. Meditz, editors (1988).
"The Establishment of Finnish Democracy". Finland: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 February 2017. {{
cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (
help)
^Krastyn', IA. P. (Krastiņš, J.) (ed.) (1959–60). Sotsialisticheskaia Sovetskaia Respublika Latvii v 1919 g. i inostrannaia interventsiia: Dokumenty i materialy (in Russian and Latvian). Riga: Izd-vo Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR. pp. 2 v.
OCLC18861284. {{
cite book}}: |first= has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Salmenhaara, Erkki (1992b). Madetoja, L.: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 2 (booklet). Petri Sakari & Iceland Symphony Orchestra. Colchester, England: Chandos. p. 4–6. CHAN 9115.
^Jaan Maide (1933).
"II"(PDF). Ülevaade Eesti Vabadussõjast (1918–1920). Tartu: Kaitseliidu kirjastus.
^Hertzman, Lewis "The Founding of the German National People's Party (DNVP), November 1918-January 1919" pages 24-36 from The Journal of Modern History, Volume 30, Issue #1, March 1958, p. 24
^Shqipenia me 1937(PDF) (in Albanian), vol. I, Komisioni i Kremtimeve te 25-vjetorit te Vete-qeverrimit, 1937, pp. 40–41, archived from
the original(PDF) on 2015-09-25
^Nerdrum, Johan (1986). Fugl fønix: En beretning om Det Norske Luftfartselskap (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. pp. 28–31.
ISBN82-05-16663-3.
^"WUNNAMURRA (Jerilderie)". The Farmer And Settler. Vol. III, no. 26. New South Wales, Australia. 31 July 1908. p. 7. Retrieved 17 July 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
The
Kars Republic was established in northeastern
Turkey but was abolished in six months by the British High Commissioner.[5]
Pope Benedict released the
encyclicalQuod iam diu (That which has long been) that requested all Catholics everywhere in the world, no matter which side they were on, to pray for a lasting peace and for those who are entrusted to make it during the upcoming peace negotiations in
France.[6]
U.S. President
Woodrow Wilson addressed the
65th United States Congress where he cited the number of American men who enlisted and served in
World War I, which ended about a month ago with an
armistice. He concluded: "And throughout it all how fine the spirit of the nation was: what unity of purpose, what untiring zeal!"[9]
Azerbaijani municipal leader
Peri-Khan Sofiyeva was elected to serve on a local counsel for the village council of Karajala, in the
Kakheti Region of
Georgia, becoming the first Muslim women ever to be elected to public office.[10][11]
Some 200 soldiers with the
ANZAC Mounted Division entered the
Arab village of
Surafend,
Palestine and
massacred an estimated 40 men in retaliation for the supposed death of one of their own members of their unit by the villagers. Despite an investigation by
GeneralEdmund Allenby, the unit refused to name the key perpetrators in the massacre and no courts-martial were carried out.[35]
Brigadier GeneralNorman MacEwen, Flight Sergeant Smith, Sergeant Crockett (fitters), and Sergeant Thomas Brown (navigator), accompanied pilots Major A.C.S. Maclaren and Captain Robert Halley who set out on the first flight from
England to
India in a
Handley aircraft. The flight included stops in
Rome,
Malta,
Cairo,
Baghdad, before they finally reached
Karachi on January 15.[46]
Prince Frederick Charles renounced the throne for the
Kingdom of Finland originally awarded to him on October 9 due to the uncertainty as to whether the Finnish population would support a monarchy that had been associated with the old
German Empire.[52]
Film director
Cecil B. DeMille released a second remake of the film western The Squaw Man originally released just four years earlier, based on an experiment that a good film is based on a good story (DeMille would remake it a third time in 1931 when sound in film had become a regular feature). The movie became the fourth-biggest hit of the year. Unfortunately, no full cuts of the film have survived.[54]
Armeno-Georgian War – An encircled Georgian unit defending the retreating flank at
Ayrum,
Georgia broke out and escaped, but at a cost of 560 casualties. Meanwhile, the Armenians began to assault the Georgian-held town of
Sadakhlo.[67]
The name "
Canadian National Railways" was authorized for use to refer to the collection of railway companies that formed
Canada's national rail system.[76]
The
Royal Navy captured Russian destroyers Avtroil and Spartak in the port of
Tallinn,
Estonia during the
British campaign in the Baltic. Russian naval officer
Fyodor Raskolnikov, commander of the Spartak was later exchanged for 17 British prisoners of war in May. However, 40 other sailors were not as lucky, and were executed by the Estonian government on
Naissaar in February despite protests from the
United Kingdom.[100]
Born:Al Purdy, Canadian poet, known for award-winning poetry collections The Cariboo Horses, The Collected Poems of Al Purdy and Rooms for Rent in the Outer Planets, recipient of the
Order of Canada, in
Wooler,
Ontario (d.
2000);
W. Eugene Smith, American photographer, noted for his photo essays with Life magazine, in
Wichita, Kansas (d.
1978)
With the Bolshevik forces occupying
Lithuania, the country's daily newspaper Echo of Lithuania was forced to shut down. It would be revived again in 1928.[117]
^Horbal, Bogdan (1997). Działalność polityczna Łemków na Łemkowszczyźnie 1918–1921 [Political activity of the Lemkos in Lemkivshchyna 1918–1921] (in Polish). Wrocław: Wydawn Arboretum. p. 45.
ISBN978-83-86308-22-4.
OCLC37645527.
^Marder, Arthur Jacob (1970). From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904–1919: 1917: Victory and Aftermath. Vol. V. London: Oxford University Press. p. 270.
ISBN0192151878.
^"Kokoomuksen historia" [History of the National Coalition Party]. National Coalition Party (in Finnish). Archived from
the original on 2017-07-05. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
^Eric Solsten and Sandra W. Meditz, editors (1988).
"The Establishment of Finnish Democracy". Finland: A Country Study. GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 February 2017. {{
cite web}}: |author1= has generic name (
help)
^Krastyn', IA. P. (Krastiņš, J.) (ed.) (1959–60). Sotsialisticheskaia Sovetskaia Respublika Latvii v 1919 g. i inostrannaia interventsiia: Dokumenty i materialy (in Russian and Latvian). Riga: Izd-vo Akademii Nauk Latviiskoi SSR. pp. 2 v.
OCLC18861284. {{
cite book}}: |first= has generic name (
help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^Salmenhaara, Erkki (1992b). Madetoja, L.: Symphonies Nos. 1 and 2 (booklet). Petri Sakari & Iceland Symphony Orchestra. Colchester, England: Chandos. p. 4–6. CHAN 9115.
^Jaan Maide (1933).
"II"(PDF). Ülevaade Eesti Vabadussõjast (1918–1920). Tartu: Kaitseliidu kirjastus.
^Hertzman, Lewis "The Founding of the German National People's Party (DNVP), November 1918-January 1919" pages 24-36 from The Journal of Modern History, Volume 30, Issue #1, March 1958, p. 24
^Shqipenia me 1937(PDF) (in Albanian), vol. I, Komisioni i Kremtimeve te 25-vjetorit te Vete-qeverrimit, 1937, pp. 40–41, archived from
the original(PDF) on 2015-09-25
^Nerdrum, Johan (1986). Fugl fønix: En beretning om Det Norske Luftfartselskap (in Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. pp. 28–31.
ISBN82-05-16663-3.
^"WUNNAMURRA (Jerilderie)". The Farmer And Settler. Vol. III, no. 26. New South Wales, Australia. 31 July 1908. p. 7. Retrieved 17 July 2017 – via National Library of Australia.