From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1895 .
1895 (
MDCCCXCV ) was a
common year starting on Tuesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
common year starting on Sunday of the
Julian calendar , the 1895th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 895th year of the
2nd millennium , the 95th year of the
19th century , and the 6th year of the
1890s decade. As of the start of 1895, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 5 :
Dreyfus affair
January 5 –
Dreyfus affair : French officer
Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his army rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on
Devil's Island (off French Guiana) on what is much later admitted to be a false charge of treason.
[1]
January 12 – Britain's
National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty is founded by
Octavia Hill ,
Robert Hunter and Canon
Hardwicke Rawnsley .
[2]
January 13 –
First Italo-Ethiopian War :
Battle of Coatit – Italian forces defeat the Ethiopians.
[3]
February 20
The gold reserve of the
U.S. Treasury is saved when
J. P. Morgan and the
Rothschilds loan $65 million worth of gold to the United States government. The offering of syndicate bonds sells out only 22 minutes after the New York market opens, and just two hours after going on sale in London.
[4]
Venezuelan crisis of 1895 : U.S. President
Grover Cleveland signs into law a bill resulting from the proposition of House Resolution 252, by
William Lindsay Scruggs and Congressman Leonidas Livingston, to the third session of the 53rd Congress of the United States of America. The bill recommends that Venezuela and Great Britain settle their dispute by arbitration.
February 25 – The first rebellions of the
Cuban War of Independence break out.
March 3 – In
Munich ,
Germany , bicyclists have to pass a test and display
license plates .
March 4 – Japanese troops capture
Liaoyang , and land in
Taiwan .
March 15
March 18 – The world's first gasoline
bus route is started in Germany, between
Siegen and
Netphen .
March 22 – Brothers
Auguste and Louis Lumière make what is probably the first presentation of a projected celluloid
film moving picture, the 46-second
Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory , to members of the
Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale in Paris.
[7]
March 30 –
Rudolf Diesel patents the
Diesel engine in Germany.
March 18 : The first internal combustion
bus , (
Siegen to
Netphen in Germany)
April 17 :
Shimonoseki treaty :
Qing China renounces claim on Korea
April–June
April 6 –
Oscar Wilde is arrested in London for "gross indecency", after losing a
criminal libel case against the
Marquess of Queensberry .
April 7 –
Nansen's Fram expedition to the
Arctic reaches 86°13.6'N, almost 3° beyond the previous
Farthest North attained.
April 14 –
A major earthquake severely damages
Ljubljana , the capital of
Carniola .
April 17 – The
Treaty of Shimonoseki is signed between China and Japan. This marks the end of the
First Sino-Japanese War , and the defeated
Qing Empire is forced to renounce its claims on Korea, and to concede the southern portion of
Fengtian
province ,
Taiwan , and the
Penghu to Japan.
[8] The huge indemnity exacted from China is used to establish the
Yawata Iron and Steel Works in Japan.
April 22 –
Gongche Shangshu movement : 603 candidates sign a 10,000-word petition against the
Treaty of Shimonoseki .
April 27 – The unique, historic and picturesque Spiral Bridge is constructed to carry U.S. 61 over the Mississippi River at
Hastings, Minnesota . It is demolished in
1951 .
May 2 –
Gongche Shangshu movement : Thousands of Beijing scholars and citizens protest against the
Treaty of Shimonoseki .
May 9 – Thirteen workers are killed by soldiers of the
Russian Empire during the
Yaroslavl Great Manufacture strike .
May 18 – The first motor race in Italy is held, on a course from
Turin to
Asti and back, a total of 93 km (58 mi). Five entrants start the event; only three complete it. It is won by Simone Federman in a four-seat
Daimler Omnibus, at an average speed of 15.5 km/h (9.6 mph).
[9]
May 24 – Anti-Japanese officials, led by
Tang Jingsong in
Taiwan , declare independence from the
Qing Dynasty , forming the short-lived
Republic of Formosa .
May 25 – R. v. Wilde :
Oscar Wilde is convicted in London of "unlawfully committing acts of gross indecency with certain male persons" (under the
Labouchere Amendment ) and given a two years' sentence of
hard labour , during which he will write
De Profundis .
May 27 –
In re Debs : The
Supreme Court of the United States decides that the federal government has the right to regulate interstate commerce, legalizing the military suppression of the
Pullman Strike .
June 5 – The Liberal Revolution begins in
Ecuador , making the civil war more intense in the country.
June 11
June 20
June 28 – The
United States Court of Private Land Claims rules that
James Reavis 's claim to the Barony of Arizona is "wholly fictitious and fraudulent".
July–September
July 31:
Sabino Arana founds the
Basque Nationalist Party
October:
The Cosmopolitan
July 10 –
11 – The
Doukhobors ' pacifist protests culminate in the "burning of the arms" in the
South Caucasus .
July 15 –
Archie MacLaren scores an English
County Championship
cricket record innings of 424 for
Lancashire , against
Somerset , at
Taunton . This record lasts until
1994 .
July 31 – The
Basque Nationalist Party (Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea-Partido Nacionalista Vasco) is founded by
Sabino Arana .
July –
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. is founded in England.
August 7 – The
Aljaž Tower , a symbol of the
Slovenes , is erected on Mount
Triglav .
August 10 – The first ever indoor
promenade concert , origin of
The Proms , is held at the
Queen's Hall in London, opening a series conducted by
Henry Wood .
[10]
August 19 –
American frontier murderer and outlaw
John Wesley Hardin is killed by an off-duty policeman, in a
saloon in
El Paso, Texas .
August 29
September –
Shelbourne F.C. is founded in
Dublin ,
Ireland .
September 3 – The first professional
American football game is played, in
Latrobe, Pennsylvania , between the Latrobe
YMCA and the Jeannette Athletic Club (Latrobe wins 12–0).
September 7 – The first game of what will become known as
rugby league football is played in England, starting the
1895–96 Northern Rugby Football Union season .
September 18 –
Daniel David Palmer performs the first chiropractic
spinal adjustment , on
Harvey Lillard , whose complaint was partial deafness after an injury.
September 24 –
October 3 – the
Automobile Club de France sponsors the longest race to date, a 1,710 km (1,060 mi) event, from
Bordeaux to
Agen and back.
[9] Because it is held in ten stages, it can be considered the first
rally . The first three places are taken by two
Panhards and a three-wheeler
De Dion-Bouton .
[9]
October–December
October
October 1 – French troops capture
Antananarivo ,
Madagascar .
October 2 –
Peiyang University , predecessor of
Tianjin University , is founded as an institution of higher education in
Qing dynasty China.
[12]
October 8 –
Empress Myeongseong of Korea is
assassinated at her private residence within
Gyeongbokgung Palace by Japanese agents.
October 23 – The city of
Tainan , last stronghold of the
Republic of Formosa , capitulates to the forces of the
Empire of Japan , ending the short-lived republic, and beginning the era of
Taiwan under Japanese rule .
October 31 –
1895 Charleston earthquake : A major earthquake occurs in the
New Madrid Seismic Zone of the
midwestern United States . As of 2014, the earthquake risk for the region will be closely monitored.
November 1 –
Max Skladanowsky and his brother Emil present a short film at the
Berlin Wintergarten theatre in Germany using the
movie projector they have developed.
November 5 –
George B. Selden is granted the first U.S.
patent for an automobile.
November 8 –
Wilhelm Röntgen discovers the type of
electromagnetic radiation later known as
X-rays .
November 17 –
Flamengo , a well known professional football club in
Brazil , is officially founded.
[13]
November 25 –
Oscar Hammerstein opens the
Olympia Theatre , the first theatre to be built in New York City's
Times Square district.
November 27 – At the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris,
Alfred Nobel signs his
last will and testament , setting aside his estate to establish the
Nobel Prize after his death.
November 28 –
Chicago Times-Herald race : The first American automobile race in history is sponsored by the
Chicago Times-Herald . Press coverage first arouses significant American interest in the automobile.
[14]
December
December 7 – A corps of 2,350 Italian troops, mostly
Askari , are crushed by 30,000 Abyssinian troops at
Amba Alagi .
December 11 –
Svante Arrhenius becomes the first scientist to deliver quantified data about
the sensitivity of global climate to atmospheric carbon dioxide (the "
Greenhouse effect "), as he presents his paper "On the Influence of Carbonic Acid in the Air Upon The Temperature of the Ground" to the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences .
[16]
December 15 – The railways of the
Cape of Good Hope ,
Colony of Natal , the
Orange Free State , the
South African Republic and southern
Mozambique are all linked at Union Junction near
Alberton .
[17]
December 18 – The
Laurin & Klement
automobile brand, predecessor of
Škoda Auto , is founded as a bicycle manufacturer in
Central Bohemian Region ,
Kingdom of Bohemia (modern-day
Czech Republic ).
[18]
December 24
December 28 –
Auguste and Louis Lumière make what is probably the first commercial
public screening of projected moving picture films to a paying audience, at the
Salon Indien du Grand Café in Paris.
[19]
Date unknown
Otto Lilienthal gliding experiment
Births
January
J. Edgar Hoover
Leo Aryeh Mayer
February
Babe Ruth
Louise Lovely
February 2 –
George Halas , American football player and coach, co-founder of the National Football League (d.
1983 )
February 6 –
Babe Ruth , American baseball player (d.
1948 )
February 8 –
Khorloogiin Choibalsan ,
Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic , Prime Minister of the
Mongolian People's Republic (d.
1952 )
February 14 –
Max Horkheimer , German philosopher, sociologist (d.
1973 )
February 15 –
Earl Thomson , Canadian athlete (d.
1971 )
February 18 (O.S. 6 February) –
Semyon Timoshenko , Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d.
1970 )
February 19
February 21 –
Henrik Dam , Danish biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1976 )
February 27 –
Edward Brophy , American character actor (d.
1960 )
February 28
March
Robert Benoist
James McCudden
April
Sir
Stanley Rous
April 1 –
Alberta Hunter , American singer (d.
1984 )
[21]
April 3 –
Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco , Italian composer (d.
1968 )
[22]
April 4 –
John Kotelawala , 3rd Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (d.
1980 )
April 5 –
Mike O'Dowd , American boxer (d.
1957 )
April 13 –
Olga Rudge , American violinist (d.
1996 )
April 14 –
Anton Reinthaller , Austrian right-wing politician (d.
1958 )
April 25 –
Stanley Rous , English administrator, 6th President of FIFA (d.
1986 )
April 26 –
Hans Kopfermann , German physicist (d.
1963 )
April 29 –
Malcolm Sargent , English conductor (d.
1967 )
[23]
May
Rudolph Valentino
Jiddu Krishnamurti
May 1 –
Nikolai Yezhov , Soviet politician and police chief, Great Purge Perpetrator (d.
1940 )
May 2 –
Lorenz Hart , American lyricist (d.
1943 )
[24]
May 5 –
Charles Lamont , Russian-born film director (d.
1993 )
May 6 –
Rudolph Valentino , Italian actor (d.
1926 )
May 8 –
Fulton J. Sheen , American Catholic archbishop, television personality (d.
1979 )
May 9 –
Richard Barthelmess , American actor (d.
1963 )
May 11 –
Jiddu Krishnamurti , Indian philosopher, speaker and writer (d.
1986 )
[25]
May 12 –
William Giauque , Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1982 )
May 15 –
Prescott Bush , American banker and politician (d.
1972 )
May 17 –
Saul Adler , Russian-born British-Israeli expert on parasitology (d.
1966 )
May 21 –
Lázaro Cárdenas , 44th
President of Mexico , 1934-1940 (d.
1970 )
[26]
May 25 –
Dorothea Lange , American documentary photographer, photojournalist (d.
1965 )
June
Jack Dempsey
July
Carl Orff
Kirsten Flagstad
July 2 –
Pavel Sukhoi , Russian aircraft engineer (d.
1975 )
July 8 –
Igor Tamm , Russian physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1971 )
July 9 –
Frederick Hanson , New Zealand soldier, engineer, military leader and public servant (d.
1979 )
July 10
July 12
July 14
July 18 –
Olga Spessivtseva , Russian ballerina (d.
1991 )
July 19 –
Xu Beihong , Chinese painter (d.
1953 )
July 21 –
Ken Maynard , American actor (d.
1973 )
July 22 –
León de Greiff , Colombian poet (d.
1976 )
July 23 –
Aileen Pringle , American actress (d.
1989 )
July 24 –
Robert Graves , English writer (d.
1985 )
[29]
July 26 –
Gracie Allen , American actress and comedian (d.
1964 )
August
Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan
September
Sara García
John Diefenbaker
September 1
September 6 –
Margery Perham , English Africanist (d.
1982 )
September 7 – Sir
Brian Horrocks , British general (d.
1985 )
September 8 –
Sara García , Mexican actress (d.
1980 )
September 11 –
Vinoba Bhave , Indian religious leader (d.
1982 )
September 13
September 18
September 21 –
Juan de la Cierva , Spanish civil engineer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and inventor of the autogyro (d.
1936 )
September 22 –
Paul Muni , Austro-Hungarian-born American actor (d.
1967 )
September 24 –
André Frédéric Cournand , French-born physician, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1988 )
September 29 –
Joseph Banks Rhine , American parapsychologist (d.
1980 )
September 30 –
Aleksandr Vasilevsky , Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union (d.
1977 )
October
Buster Keaton
Juan Perón
Levi Eshkol
Gerhard Domagk
October 1 –
Liaquat Ali Khan , 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (d.
1951 )
October 3 –
Sergei Yesenin , Russian lyric poet (d.
1925 )
October 4
October 8
October 9 –
Ivan Yumashev , Soviet admiral (d.
1972 )
October 10 –
Wolfram von Richthofen , German field marshal (d.
1945 )
October 17 –
Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes , 21st President of Guatemala (d.
1982 )
October 19 –
Lewis Mumford , American historian (d.
1990 )
October 20 –
October 21 –
Edna Purviance , American actress (d.
1958 )
October 22 –
Rolf Nevanlinna , Finnish mathematician (d.
1980 )
October 24 –
Charles Walter Allfrey , British general (d.
1964 )
October 25 –
Levi Eshkol , Israeli Prime Minister (d.
1969 )
October 30
October 31 –
Basil Liddell Hart , British military historian (d.
1970 )
November
Paul Hindemith
December
George VI
Date unknown
Deaths
January–June
Frederick Douglass
Berthe Morisot
T. Muthuswamy Iyer
January 3 –
Mary Torrans Lathrap , American temperance reformer (b.
1838 )
January 4 –
William Loring , British admiral (b.
1811 )
January 9 –
Aaron Lufkin Dennison , American watchmaker (b.
1812 )
January 10 –
Benjamin Godard , French composer (b.
1849 )
January 19 –
António Luís de Seabra, 1st Viscount of Seabra , Portuguese magistrate and politician (b.
1798 )
January 24 –
Lord Randolph Churchill , British statesman (b.
1849 )
January 25 –
T. Muthuswamy Iyer , Lawyer, first Indian Judge of the Madras high court (b. 1832)
January 26 –
Arthur Cayley , British mathematician, (b.
1821 )
[31]
January 28 –
François Certain de Canrobert , French general,
Marshal of France (b.
1809 )
February 9 –
Ōdera Yasuzumi , Japanese general (killed in action) (b.
1846 )
February 10 –
Liu Buchan , Chinese admiral (suicide) (b.
1852 )
February 12 –
Ding Ruchang , Chinese army officer, admiral (killed in action) (b.
1836 )
February 18 –
Archduke Albrecht, Duke of Teschen , Austrian general (b.
1817 )
February 20 –
Frederick Douglass , American ex-slave and author (b. c.
1818 )
[32]
February 25 –
Henry Bruce, 1st Baron Aberdare , politician (b.
1815 )
[33]
February 26 –
Salvador de Itúrbide y Marzán , Prince of Mexico (b.
1849 )
March 2 –
Berthe Morisot , French painter (b.
1841 )
March 3 –
Geoffrey Hornby , British admiral (b.
1825 )
March 9 –
Leopold von Sacher-Masoch , Austrian writer for whom the word masochism is named (b.
1836 )
March 10 –
Charles Frederick Worth , English-born couturier (b.
1825 )
March 13 –
Louise Otto-Peters , German women's rights movement activist (b.
1819 )
March 30 –
Beauchamp Seymour , British admiral (b.
1821 )
April 17 –
Jorge Isaacs , Colombian writer, politician and explorer (b.
1837 )
[34]
April 25 –
Emily Thornton Charles , American newspaper founder (b.
1845 )
[35]
May 19 –
José Martí , Cuban independence leader (b.
1853 )
May 21 –
Franz von Suppé , Austrian composer (b.
1819 )
May 23 –
Franz Ernst Neumann , German mineralogist, physicist and mathematician (b.
1798 )
May 26 –
Ahmed Cevdet Pasha , Ottoman statesman (b.
1822 )
May 28 –
Walter Q. Gresham , American politician (b.
1832 )
May 30 –
Joseph Marello , Italian Roman Catholic prelate (b.
1844 )
June 4 –
Abu Bakar of Johor , Malaysian sultan (b.
1833 )
June 6 –
Gustaf Nordenskiöld , Swedish explorer (b.
1868 )
June 13 –
Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla , Prime Minister of Spain (b.
1833 )
June 27 –
Sophie Adlersparre , Swedish feminist and magazine editor (b.
1823 )
[36]
June 29
July–December
Friedrich Engels
Louis Pasteur
July 18 –
Stefan Stambolov , 9th
Prime Minister of Bulgaria (assassinated) (b.
1854 )
July 28 –
Edward Beecher , American theologian (b.
1803 )
July 29 –
Floriano Peixoto , 2nd
President of Brazil (b.
1839 )
August 4 –
Louis-Antoine Dessaulles , Quebec journalist, politician (b.
1818 )
August 5 –
Friedrich Engels , German communist philosopher (b.
1820 )
[37]
August 8 –
Howell Edmunds Jackson , American Supreme Court Justice (b.
1832 )
August 22 –
Luzon B. Morris , American politician (b.
1827 )
September 8 –
Adam Opel , German founder of the automobile company Adam Opel AG (b.
1837 )
September 26 –
Ephraim Wales Bull , American horticulturalist, creator of the
Concord grape (b.
1806 )
September 28 –
Louis Pasteur , French microbiologist, chemist (b.
1822 )
October 3 –
Harry Wright , English-born American baseball pioneer (b.
1835 )
October 8 –
Empress Myeongseong (Queen Min), last Korean empress (assassinated) (b.
1851 )
October 13 –
Franklin Leonard Pope , American engineer, explorer and inventor (b.
1840 )
October 25 – Sir
Charles Hallé , German-born pianist and conductor (b.
1819 )
October 27 /
28 –
Adele Spitzeder , German actress, folk singer and confidence trickster (b.
1832 )
November 5 –
Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa of Japan (b.
1847 )
November 6 –
Adelia Cleopatra Graves , American educator (b.
1821 )
November 23 –
Mauritz de Haas , Dutch-American marine painter (b.
1832 )
November 24 –
Ludwik Teichmann , Polish anatomist (b.
1823 )
November 27 –
Alexandre Dumas, fils , French novelist and playwright (b.
1824 )
[38]
December 12 –
Allen G. Thurman , American politician (b.
1813 )
December 13 –
Ányos Jedlik , Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (b.
1800 )
December 27 –
Eivind Astrup , Norwegian Arctic explorer (b.
1871 )
Date unknown
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Appletons' Annual Cyclopaedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1895: Embracing Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry (1896); highly detailed compilation of facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. not online.