Ross Sea party – While marooned from the British polar ship Aurora after it drifted away from the
Antarctic in the
Southern Ocean, the main party regrouped and used stores from previous expeditions to replenish food, clothing and equipment for the next ten months. Expedition commander
Aeneas Mackintosh decided the group would complete their original mission to set up supply depots on the
Ross Ice Shelf for the
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, one that would result in the longest sledging journey on record.[6]
Electronic manufacturer
Yokogawa Electric was founded in
Tokyo as a research institute specializing in metering before incorporating as a manufacturer in 1920.[7]
The British troopship
SS Vaderland was hit by a torpedo launched by German submarine
UB-14 in the
Aegean Sea and beached on the island of
Lemnos, with the entire crew surviving. The ship was repaired and returned to service in 1916.[9]
Siege of Mora – A French force of 42 men made a second attempt to capture a local village near the
Mora German fort in
German Cameroon that had been helping the defenders, but were again repulsed with seven dead.[10]
The Mexican rebel faction
Seditionistas raided the village of Ojo de Agua,
Texas, forcing the
United States government to deploy cavalry and signalmen to protect the Mexican-U.S. border.[13]
The
Casablanca Fair officially opened for a two-month affair in
Casablanca, with exhibitions representing the six major regions of
Morocco as well as engineering and government projects.[20]
Siege of Mora – British forces launched an attack on the German defensive positions around
Mora in
German Cameroon but were beaten back, with 15 African colonial soldiers and a British officer killed and five German troops wounded.[24]
Four German Navy Zeppelins attempt to bomb
England. Two suffered engine trouble, while another attacked a
benzole plant at
Skinningrove,
Yorkshire. However, her bombs failed to penetrate the roof of the benzol house or of a neighboring
TNT store, and there were no casualties. The fourth reached
London, dropping of a 300-kg (661-lb) bomb, the largest yet dropped on Britain, on address No.61
Farringdon Road where it killed 22 people and inflicted the most damage by a single airship or airplane bombing raid throughout all of
World War I. The No. 61 was rebuilt in 1917 and called The Zeppelin Building.[28]
At a meeting of the Fourth
State Duma, the legislative assembly of the
Russian Empire, elected members associated with the
Progressive Bloc pushed for the resignations of all ministers if the Bloc's program of expanded democratic freedoms was not adopted. This led to calls for the Fourth Duma to be suspended.[30]
"Little Willie", the prototype for the first British military tank.
American academic scholars
Carter G. Woodson and
Jesse E. Moorland established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in
Chicago and incorporated it as an official organization in
Washington, D.C., on October 2. It would be renamed
Association for the Study of African American Life and History in 1973. The organization's official mission is "to promote, research, preserve, interpret, and disseminate information about Black life, history, and culture to the global community."[33]
Belgium fighter pilot
Jan Olieslagers forced down a German
Aviatik while flying a
Nieuport named le Demon ("The Demon"), becoming the first Belgian pilot to score an aerial victory.[48]
Fearing growing public backlash for bombing civilian targets in
London, Chief of the
German General Staff General
Erich von Falkenhayn issued a statement that restricted German Army airships to bombing London's docks and harbor works.[49]
The crime drama Regeneration was released. Directed by
Raoul Walsh and starring
Rockliffe Fellowes and
Anna Q. Nilsson, it was considered the first feature-length gangster film based on an actual person (screenwriter
Carl Harbaugh and Walsh adapted the story from a memoir My Mamie Rose by
Owen Kildare). The film was considered lost until a copy was discovered in the 1970s, and is now preserved at the
Library of Congress.[56]
In compliance with orders from the
German General Staff, Admiral
Henning von Holtzendorff, Chief of the German Naval Staff, ordered German naval airships raiding
London to restrict their bombing targets to the banks of the
River Thames and as far as possible to avoid bombing the poorer, working-class northern quarter of the city.[57]
The Chinese magazine New Youth (also known as La Juenesse) published its first issue in
Shanghai. Founded by
Chen Duxiu, a leader of the anti-imperial
Xinhai Revolution, the magazine would play an important role advocating Western-style democracy pertaining to the
New Culture Movement in
China during the 1910s and 1920s. Duxiu advertised the new magazine his established political publication The Tiger but later merged the editorials in October.[62]
Greek
passenger shipAthinai was carrying 508 people when it caught fire, killing one person and sinking in the
Atlantic Ocean. The survivors were rescued by British ships Roumanian Prince and
Tuscania.[78]
St. Joseph Junior College opened in
St. Joseph, Missouri as the eighth junior college in the
United States. The college became Western Missouri Junior College in 1965, and a state college by 1973. In 2005, the institution was officially established as the
Missouri Western State University.[81]
The
association football club
Del Plata was formed in
Buenos Aires, named after the marketplace where many of the founders worked at. The club was prominent in the
Argentine Primera División during the 1920s but dissolved in 1947. The club was revived in the mid-1960s but closed for good by the 1990s.[87]
British land owner and businessman
Cecil Chubb acquired
Stonehenge at auction for £6600. He would donate the ancient site and land back to public in 1918.[88]
An
earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred outside of
Asmara,
Eritrea but damage to property was minor.[94]
British
cargo shipChancellor was shelled and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean 86 nautical miles (159 km) southeast of the Fastnet Rock by German submarine
SM U-41, but the entire crew survived.[95]
Actor
Douglas Fairbanks made his leading film debut in the comedy
Western film innocently titled The Lamb, directed by
Christy Cabanne. Based on the popular 1913 Broadway play The New Henrietta, the drawing room antics of the stage were expanded to include Western genre elements that showcased Fairbanks' physical prowess.[99]
The sports club
Forward was established in
Oslo for hockey, and became one of the founding members of
GET-ligaen, the premier Norwegian hockey league.[113]
Battle of Loos – German forces were able to reinforce their defenses before the British launched a second attack, inflicting 8,000 casualties on 10,000 British soldiers in a four-hour time period.[115]
Second Battle of Champagne – The French advanced and closed a 7.5-mile (12.1 km) gap, capturing another 2,000 German soldiers.[116]
Italian battleship
Benedetto Brin was sunk at
Brindisi,
Apulia,
Italy due to sabotage by Austro-Hungarian forces with the loss of 387 of her 841 crew.[118]
At 2:20 p.m., a Santa Fe railroad car carrying 250 barrels of
natural gasoline exploded at the passenger terminal in
Ardmore, Oklahoma, destroying most of downtown Ardmore and killing 43 people, including Patrolman Charles Smith of the Ardmore Police Department.[124][125]
Battle of Loos – The Allied offensive hit a lull despite British Field Marshal
John French suggesting to French General
Ferdinand Foch that a power assault could force a gap in the German line. Foch felt the maneuver would be difficult to co-ordinate and that the
British First Army was in no position for further attacks, having lost over 20,000 casualties.[128]
Second Battle of Champagne – The French nearly break through the German line and capture a key German reserve area behind it.[129]
Smashed streetcar barn in
New Orleans following a hurricane.
A
hurricane struck
Louisiana, killed 279 people causing $13 million in damages ($239 million us 2005 USD). While
New Orleans was hit where 23 residents were killed, the worst was in
Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana where some 200 residents drowned when levees broke. The town of
Ruddock, Louisiana was also destroyed, with 58 residents dead, and became a ghost town. It was the deadliest storm the state experienced until
Hurricane Betsy 50 years later.[132]
Second Battle of Champagne – German counterattacks recaptured much of the ground lost, forcing French General
Joseph Joffre to suspend the offensive until soldiers were resupplied with more ammo.[129]
Siege of Mora – Captain
Ernst von Raben, commander of German defenses in
Mora,
Kamerun was wounded by an artillery barrage. His second in command, Lieutenant Siegfried Kallmeyer, took over active command while Raben recovered.[143]
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – After being trapped in ice for close to 10 months, the polar exploration ship Endurance experienced pressure from the surrounding ice in what expedition leader
Ernest Shackleton described in his log as "the worst squeeze we had experienced." Within a month, the damage to the hull by the ice would be so great Shackleton would order the ship to be abandoned.[144]
The
University of British Columbia held its first day of lectures at the old campus of McGill University College in
Vancouver, after the university postponed plans to build a new campus at
Point Grey due to economic turmoil caused in part by
World War I. A total 379 students enrolled in the three faculties: Arts, Applied Science and Agriculture.[145]
^Damis, Fritz (1929). "Auf Dem Moraberge – Erinnerungen an Die Kämpfe Der 3. (German soldiers' collective account of the siege)". Kompagnie der Ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe für Kamerun. Berlin.
^"19 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"20 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"22 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"23 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Miyata, Hiroyuki (June 2014). 釜石線ショートヒストリー ~路線と蒸気機関車~ [A short history of the Kamaishi Line: The line and steam locomotives]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 638. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. pp. 24–25.
^Whitehouse, Arch, The Zeppelin Fighters, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, pp. 108-109
^Robinson, Douglas H., Giants in the Sky Henley-on Thames: Foulis, 1973
ISBN0-85429-145-8, p, 384
^McIlvaine, Eileen; Sherby, Louise S.; Heineman, James H. (1990). P. G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman. pp. 27–28.
ISBN0-87008125-X.
^Stern, Robert Cecil (2007). The Hunter Hunted: Submarine Versus Submarine: Encounters from World War I to the Present. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 30.
ISBN978-1-59114-379-6.
^Becke, Major A.F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42-56). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 17.
ISBN1-871167-12-4.
^Olga Hess Gankin and H.H. Fisher (eds.), The Bolsheviks and the First World War: the origins of the Third International. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1940; pp. 309, 311–312.
^Silberstein, Gerard E. (1967). "The Serbian Campaign of 1915: Its Diplomatic Background". American Historical Review. 73 (1): 51–69.
doi:
10.2307/1849028.
JSTOR1849028.
^Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007,
ISBN1-84734-741-X, pp. 32-37
^Military History Magazine (περιοδ. Στρατιωτική Ιστορία), Vol. 3, Ο ελληνικός στρατός και το έπος της Β. Ηπείρου (1940-41) (Greek), October 2001
^History Magazine (περιοδικό "Ιστορία"), Vol. 352, Το έπος του 1940 και ο στρατηγός Κατσιμήτρος, Δ. Λιμνιάτης, Αντιστράτηγος ε.α., Gnomon Publications (Greek) October 1997.
^Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919. 1920. pp. 558–559.
^Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: the Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1985. Print., p. 257
^Feng, Liping (April 1996). "Democracy and Elitism: The May Fourth Ideal of Literature". Modern China. 2 (22). Sage Publications, Inc.: 170–196.
ISSN0097-7004.
OCLC189342.
^Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914–18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. p. 79.
ISBN1-874622-70-1.
^Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W. (1992). Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. Grub Street. p. 95.
ISBN978-0-948817-54-0.
^Kristin Thompson, Wooster Proposes, Jeeves, Disposes, James H. Heineman, New York (1992): Appendix A
^Johnson, Douglas Wilson (1916). "The Great Russian Retreat". Geographical Review. 1 (2). American Geographical Society: 85–109.
doi:
10.2307/207761.
JSTOR207761.
^Athinai Set on Fire, Her Captain Insists" New York Times 22 Sep 1915 p.3
^Curtis, James. W.C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, pp. 103–105
^"MWSU History". Missouri Western State University. Missouri Western State University. Archived from
the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^"Advertising". Darling Downs Gazette. No. 7,704. Queensland, Australia. 11 September 1915. p. 1. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^Ambraseys, N.; Melville, C. P.; Adams, R. D. (1994). The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83, 121.
ISBN978-0-521-39120-7.
^Chatterton, E. Keble (1980). Q-Ships and Their Story. Ayer Publishing. p. 26.
ISBN0-405-13034-1.
^Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. pp. 187–188.
ISBN0-67401-880-X.
^Holmes, R. (2005) [1981]. The Little Field Marshal. A Life of Sir John French (Cassell Military Paperbacks ed.). London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 302–305.
ISBN978-0-304-36702-3.
^Edmonds, J. E. (1928). Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. London: Macmillan. pp. 236–240.
OCLC58962526.
^Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber (1992) [1932]. Military Operations Gallipoli: May 1915 to the Evacuation. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Heinemann. pp. 363–376.
ISBN0-89839-175-X.
^Mason, Francis K. (2001). Hawks Rising, the Story of No.25 Squadron Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. p. 244.
ISBN0-85130-307-2.
^Moberly, Brig.-Gen. F.J. (1923). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914–1918. His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 325–334.
ISBN0-89839-268-3.
Ross Sea party – While marooned from the British polar ship Aurora after it drifted away from the
Antarctic in the
Southern Ocean, the main party regrouped and used stores from previous expeditions to replenish food, clothing and equipment for the next ten months. Expedition commander
Aeneas Mackintosh decided the group would complete their original mission to set up supply depots on the
Ross Ice Shelf for the
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, one that would result in the longest sledging journey on record.[6]
Electronic manufacturer
Yokogawa Electric was founded in
Tokyo as a research institute specializing in metering before incorporating as a manufacturer in 1920.[7]
The British troopship
SS Vaderland was hit by a torpedo launched by German submarine
UB-14 in the
Aegean Sea and beached on the island of
Lemnos, with the entire crew surviving. The ship was repaired and returned to service in 1916.[9]
Siege of Mora – A French force of 42 men made a second attempt to capture a local village near the
Mora German fort in
German Cameroon that had been helping the defenders, but were again repulsed with seven dead.[10]
The Mexican rebel faction
Seditionistas raided the village of Ojo de Agua,
Texas, forcing the
United States government to deploy cavalry and signalmen to protect the Mexican-U.S. border.[13]
The
Casablanca Fair officially opened for a two-month affair in
Casablanca, with exhibitions representing the six major regions of
Morocco as well as engineering and government projects.[20]
Siege of Mora – British forces launched an attack on the German defensive positions around
Mora in
German Cameroon but were beaten back, with 15 African colonial soldiers and a British officer killed and five German troops wounded.[24]
Four German Navy Zeppelins attempt to bomb
England. Two suffered engine trouble, while another attacked a
benzole plant at
Skinningrove,
Yorkshire. However, her bombs failed to penetrate the roof of the benzol house or of a neighboring
TNT store, and there were no casualties. The fourth reached
London, dropping of a 300-kg (661-lb) bomb, the largest yet dropped on Britain, on address No.61
Farringdon Road where it killed 22 people and inflicted the most damage by a single airship or airplane bombing raid throughout all of
World War I. The No. 61 was rebuilt in 1917 and called The Zeppelin Building.[28]
At a meeting of the Fourth
State Duma, the legislative assembly of the
Russian Empire, elected members associated with the
Progressive Bloc pushed for the resignations of all ministers if the Bloc's program of expanded democratic freedoms was not adopted. This led to calls for the Fourth Duma to be suspended.[30]
"Little Willie", the prototype for the first British military tank.
American academic scholars
Carter G. Woodson and
Jesse E. Moorland established the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in
Chicago and incorporated it as an official organization in
Washington, D.C., on October 2. It would be renamed
Association for the Study of African American Life and History in 1973. The organization's official mission is "to promote, research, preserve, interpret, and disseminate information about Black life, history, and culture to the global community."[33]
Belgium fighter pilot
Jan Olieslagers forced down a German
Aviatik while flying a
Nieuport named le Demon ("The Demon"), becoming the first Belgian pilot to score an aerial victory.[48]
Fearing growing public backlash for bombing civilian targets in
London, Chief of the
German General Staff General
Erich von Falkenhayn issued a statement that restricted German Army airships to bombing London's docks and harbor works.[49]
The crime drama Regeneration was released. Directed by
Raoul Walsh and starring
Rockliffe Fellowes and
Anna Q. Nilsson, it was considered the first feature-length gangster film based on an actual person (screenwriter
Carl Harbaugh and Walsh adapted the story from a memoir My Mamie Rose by
Owen Kildare). The film was considered lost until a copy was discovered in the 1970s, and is now preserved at the
Library of Congress.[56]
In compliance with orders from the
German General Staff, Admiral
Henning von Holtzendorff, Chief of the German Naval Staff, ordered German naval airships raiding
London to restrict their bombing targets to the banks of the
River Thames and as far as possible to avoid bombing the poorer, working-class northern quarter of the city.[57]
The Chinese magazine New Youth (also known as La Juenesse) published its first issue in
Shanghai. Founded by
Chen Duxiu, a leader of the anti-imperial
Xinhai Revolution, the magazine would play an important role advocating Western-style democracy pertaining to the
New Culture Movement in
China during the 1910s and 1920s. Duxiu advertised the new magazine his established political publication The Tiger but later merged the editorials in October.[62]
Greek
passenger shipAthinai was carrying 508 people when it caught fire, killing one person and sinking in the
Atlantic Ocean. The survivors were rescued by British ships Roumanian Prince and
Tuscania.[78]
St. Joseph Junior College opened in
St. Joseph, Missouri as the eighth junior college in the
United States. The college became Western Missouri Junior College in 1965, and a state college by 1973. In 2005, the institution was officially established as the
Missouri Western State University.[81]
The
association football club
Del Plata was formed in
Buenos Aires, named after the marketplace where many of the founders worked at. The club was prominent in the
Argentine Primera División during the 1920s but dissolved in 1947. The club was revived in the mid-1960s but closed for good by the 1990s.[87]
British land owner and businessman
Cecil Chubb acquired
Stonehenge at auction for £6600. He would donate the ancient site and land back to public in 1918.[88]
An
earthquake with a magnitude of 6.2 occurred outside of
Asmara,
Eritrea but damage to property was minor.[94]
British
cargo shipChancellor was shelled and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean 86 nautical miles (159 km) southeast of the Fastnet Rock by German submarine
SM U-41, but the entire crew survived.[95]
Actor
Douglas Fairbanks made his leading film debut in the comedy
Western film innocently titled The Lamb, directed by
Christy Cabanne. Based on the popular 1913 Broadway play The New Henrietta, the drawing room antics of the stage were expanded to include Western genre elements that showcased Fairbanks' physical prowess.[99]
The sports club
Forward was established in
Oslo for hockey, and became one of the founding members of
GET-ligaen, the premier Norwegian hockey league.[113]
Battle of Loos – German forces were able to reinforce their defenses before the British launched a second attack, inflicting 8,000 casualties on 10,000 British soldiers in a four-hour time period.[115]
Second Battle of Champagne – The French advanced and closed a 7.5-mile (12.1 km) gap, capturing another 2,000 German soldiers.[116]
Italian battleship
Benedetto Brin was sunk at
Brindisi,
Apulia,
Italy due to sabotage by Austro-Hungarian forces with the loss of 387 of her 841 crew.[118]
At 2:20 p.m., a Santa Fe railroad car carrying 250 barrels of
natural gasoline exploded at the passenger terminal in
Ardmore, Oklahoma, destroying most of downtown Ardmore and killing 43 people, including Patrolman Charles Smith of the Ardmore Police Department.[124][125]
Battle of Loos – The Allied offensive hit a lull despite British Field Marshal
John French suggesting to French General
Ferdinand Foch that a power assault could force a gap in the German line. Foch felt the maneuver would be difficult to co-ordinate and that the
British First Army was in no position for further attacks, having lost over 20,000 casualties.[128]
Second Battle of Champagne – The French nearly break through the German line and capture a key German reserve area behind it.[129]
Smashed streetcar barn in
New Orleans following a hurricane.
A
hurricane struck
Louisiana, killed 279 people causing $13 million in damages ($239 million us 2005 USD). While
New Orleans was hit where 23 residents were killed, the worst was in
Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana where some 200 residents drowned when levees broke. The town of
Ruddock, Louisiana was also destroyed, with 58 residents dead, and became a ghost town. It was the deadliest storm the state experienced until
Hurricane Betsy 50 years later.[132]
Second Battle of Champagne – German counterattacks recaptured much of the ground lost, forcing French General
Joseph Joffre to suspend the offensive until soldiers were resupplied with more ammo.[129]
Siege of Mora – Captain
Ernst von Raben, commander of German defenses in
Mora,
Kamerun was wounded by an artillery barrage. His second in command, Lieutenant Siegfried Kallmeyer, took over active command while Raben recovered.[143]
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition – After being trapped in ice for close to 10 months, the polar exploration ship Endurance experienced pressure from the surrounding ice in what expedition leader
Ernest Shackleton described in his log as "the worst squeeze we had experienced." Within a month, the damage to the hull by the ice would be so great Shackleton would order the ship to be abandoned.[144]
The
University of British Columbia held its first day of lectures at the old campus of McGill University College in
Vancouver, after the university postponed plans to build a new campus at
Point Grey due to economic turmoil caused in part by
World War I. A total 379 students enrolled in the three faculties: Arts, Applied Science and Agriculture.[145]
^Damis, Fritz (1929). "Auf Dem Moraberge – Erinnerungen an Die Kämpfe Der 3. (German soldiers' collective account of the siege)". Kompagnie der Ehemaligen Kaiserlichen Schutztruppe für Kamerun. Berlin.
^"19 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"20 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"22 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^"23 Squadron". Royal Air Force. 2014. Archived from
the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^Miyata, Hiroyuki (June 2014). 釜石線ショートヒストリー ~路線と蒸気機関車~ [A short history of the Kamaishi Line: The line and steam locomotives]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 54, no. 638. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. pp. 24–25.
^Whitehouse, Arch, The Zeppelin Fighters, New York: Ace Books, 1966, no ISBN, pp. 108-109
^Robinson, Douglas H., Giants in the Sky Henley-on Thames: Foulis, 1973
ISBN0-85429-145-8, p, 384
^McIlvaine, Eileen; Sherby, Louise S.; Heineman, James H. (1990). P. G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman. pp. 27–28.
ISBN0-87008125-X.
^Stern, Robert Cecil (2007). The Hunter Hunted: Submarine Versus Submarine: Encounters from World War I to the Present. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 30.
ISBN978-1-59114-379-6.
^Becke, Major A.F. (1936). Order of Battle of Divisions Part 2A. The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42-56). London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 17.
ISBN1-871167-12-4.
^Olga Hess Gankin and H.H. Fisher (eds.), The Bolsheviks and the First World War: the origins of the Third International. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1940; pp. 309, 311–312.
^Silberstein, Gerard E. (1967). "The Serbian Campaign of 1915: Its Diplomatic Background". American Historical Review. 73 (1): 51–69.
doi:
10.2307/1849028.
JSTOR1849028.
^Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 3b: New Army Divisions (30–41) and 63rd (R.N.) Division, London: HM Stationery Office, 1939/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007,
ISBN1-84734-741-X, pp. 32-37
^Military History Magazine (περιοδ. Στρατιωτική Ιστορία), Vol. 3, Ο ελληνικός στρατός και το έπος της Β. Ηπείρου (1940-41) (Greek), October 2001
^History Magazine (περιοδικό "Ιστορία"), Vol. 352, Το έπος του 1940 και ο στρατηγός Κατσιμήτρος, Δ. Λιμνιάτης, Αντιστράτηγος ε.α., Gnomon Publications (Greek) October 1997.
^Histories of Two Hundred and Fifty-One Divisions of the German Army which Participated in the War (1914-1918), compiled from records of Intelligence section of the General Staff, American Expeditionary Forces, at General Headquarters, Chaumont, France 1919. 1920. pp. 558–559.
^Naff, Alixa. Becoming American: the Early Arab Immigrant Experience. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1985. Print., p. 257
^Feng, Liping (April 1996). "Democracy and Elitism: The May Fourth Ideal of Literature". Modern China. 2 (22). Sage Publications, Inc.: 170–196.
ISSN0097-7004.
OCLC189342.
^Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914–18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. p. 79.
ISBN1-874622-70-1.
^Franks, Norman; Bailey, Frank W. (1992). Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. Grub Street. p. 95.
ISBN978-0-948817-54-0.
^Kristin Thompson, Wooster Proposes, Jeeves, Disposes, James H. Heineman, New York (1992): Appendix A
^Johnson, Douglas Wilson (1916). "The Great Russian Retreat". Geographical Review. 1 (2). American Geographical Society: 85–109.
doi:
10.2307/207761.
JSTOR207761.
^Athinai Set on Fire, Her Captain Insists" New York Times 22 Sep 1915 p.3
^Curtis, James. W.C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, pp. 103–105
^"MWSU History". Missouri Western State University. Missouri Western State University. Archived from
the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
^"Advertising". Darling Downs Gazette. No. 7,704. Queensland, Australia. 11 September 1915. p. 1. Retrieved 27 January 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^Ambraseys, N.; Melville, C. P.; Adams, R. D. (1994). The Seismicity of Egypt, Arabia and the Red Sea: A Historical Review. Cambridge University Press. pp. 83, 121.
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^Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. pp. 187–188.
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^Holmes, R. (2005) [1981]. The Little Field Marshal. A Life of Sir John French (Cassell Military Paperbacks ed.). London: Jonathan Cape. pp. 302–305.
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^Edmonds, J. E. (1928). Military Operations France and Belgium, 1915: Battles of Aubers Ridge, Festubert, and Loos. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. London: Macmillan. pp. 236–240.
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^Aspinall-Oglander, Cecil Faber (1992) [1932]. Military Operations Gallipoli: May 1915 to the Evacuation. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London: Heinemann. pp. 363–376.
ISBN0-89839-175-X.
^Mason, Francis K. (2001). Hawks Rising, the Story of No.25 Squadron Royal Air Force. Tonbridge, Kent, UK: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. p. 244.
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^Moberly, Brig.-Gen. F.J. (1923). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents: The Campaign in Mesopotamia 1914–1918. His Majesty's Stationery Office. pp. 325–334.
ISBN0-89839-268-3.