Battle of Mărăști – Russian and Romanian forces broke through a 30 km stretch of German line and advanced 20 km into German held territory in eastern
Romania. While the victory did not entirely defeat the
German Ninth Army, the Russian-Romanian forces took 2,700 prisoners and 70 guns, and inflicted 9,600 German casualties. The Russian-Romanian force sustained 4,879 casualties.[1]
British hospital ship
HMHS Letitia ran aground and sank off
Nova Scotia while traveling from
Liverpool to
Halifax. A single person was killed and the rest of the crew were rescued.[3]
Montana labor leader
Frank Little was abducted by six masked men from his room in a boardinghouse, beaten and then dragged by car through the streets of
Butte, Montana. His official cause of death was
asphyxiation. Little had been in town as representative of the
Industrial Workers of the World organization to oversee a miners' strike at
Anaconda Copper. His murder was never solved.[5]
The German Navy Zeppelin L 53 achieved an altitude of 20,700 feet (6,300 meters), a new record for an airship.[6]
Battle of Pilckem Ridge – Days of constant rain turned the battlefield into mud, making it hard for troops and vehicles to traverse and thus slowing the advance. British casualties by then were recorded at 31,820 casualties while German casualties were 30,000, including 5,626 prisoners captured on the opening day of battle.[13][14]
Battle of Rumbo – A combined British-Portuguese force of 6,000 defeated a German unit of 2,500 men at the village of Rumbo in
German East Africa. The Germans lost 1,500 casualties and 600 were captured, while the Allied forces sustained 386 casualties.[15]
Italian
flying acePier Ruggero Piccio scored his eighth victory by shooting down Austro-Hungarian ace
Frank Linke-Crawford, who was flying a two-seat aircraft without a rear gunner on board. Linke-Crawford survived uninjured.[17]
British air naval officer
Edwin Harris Dunning successfully landed his aircraft on
Royal Navy carrier
HMS Furious in the
Scapa Flow. However, he died while making a third attempt to land on the same ship five days later.[18]
Green Corn Rebellion – An armed group of
Oklahoma farmers estimated between 800 and 1,000 met up with an armed posse on the
Canadian River where shots were exchanged before the group dispersed. Three people were killed over two days of unrest and 450 were arrested. Of that group, 184 were charged and 150 were convicted and sentenced to prison.[20]
American business leader and retired star football player and coach
John de Saulles (member of the
1901 College Football All-America Team), was shot by his estranged wife
Blanca Errázuriz in front of his home in
Westbury, New York. He later died from gunshot wounds in hospital. The two had been going through a high-profile divorce and custody battle over their son that had rising film star
Rudolph Valentino involved as a character witness.[24]
Battle of Passchendaele – German troops launched a surprise attack against British units near
Hollebeke,
Belgium, capturing the village (although it was later abandoned).[31]
Railway workers in
Sydney officially walked off the job to strike, with eventually over 100,000 industrial workers joining the
general strike throughout
Australia.[40][41]
Third Battle of Oituz – After suffering initial setbacks, Romanian forces pushed back against the combined Austro-Hungarian and German assault in the
Oituz valley of
Romania.[53]
Convicted Swedish serial killer
Hilda Nilsson committed suicide by hanging herself using linen cloth tied to her cell door, without knowing the court had commuted the original death penalty to life imprisonment that same day. She was the last Swedish death penalty prisoner not to be pardoned.[58]
German
Gotha bombers attacked the towns of
Shoeburyness and
Southend in
England in the sixth raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz ("Turk's Cross"). Along with a previous raid on July 22, the Germans lost a combined five bombers including one that was shot down and four others wrecked in crashes while returning to base.[62]
Disruptions caused by Catholic pilgrims flocking to the village of Cova da Iria,
Portugal to see visions of
Our Lady of Fátima forced provincial governor
Artur Santos to take custody of initial witnesses
Lúcia Santos and her cousins
Francisco and Jacinta Marto. The children were interviewed to see if they had made up the story but they defended the visions were real.[67]
An
explosion and fire at a weapons manufacturing plant in
Kazan,
Russia killed 21 people and injured another 172, including 30 children in the surrounding neighborhoods. Over 500 buildings were destroyed and an estimated 12,000 machine guns and one million shells were lost.[70]
After two months of study on
Allied aircraft in
Europe,
United States Army aeronautical commission head
ColonelRaynal Bolling made recommendations of the materials, engines and parts the
United States could provide to the Allied air war effort. He also recommended all top cadets in the U.S. aerial schools be dispatched to
France to complete their training to ensure trained American pilots were on hand to support Allied air military campaigns. The U.S. government signed an aeronautical agreement with
France by the end of the month.[78]
Battle of Hill 70 – Attempts to draw more German forces away from the
Ypres salient failed. Many units suffered casualties from German gas attacks, with an estimated 15,000–20,000 shells of
Yellow Cross fired into Canadian trenches.[82]
Born:Zvi Keren, American-Israeli jazz pianist and composer, known for his jazz compositions "Electronic Brain", "Riot in Russia", and "Regards to Igor", in
New York City (d.
2008);
Safa Khulusi, Iraqi writer, author of Islam Our Choice and Abu Nuwas in America, in
Baghdad (d.
1995)
Died:John W. Kern, American politician, U.S. Senator from
Indiana from 1911 to 1917 (b.
1849)
Battle of Langemarck – The
German Fourth Army was able to hold the lines against the
Allied attack but suffered 24,000 casualties, including 2,100 troops taken prisoner along with 30 guns and another 5,000 missing.[94] Both British and French armies suffered 36,190 casualties.[95]
A total 28 German bombers were launched in the seventh and largest raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz on
England. However, unfavorable wind conditions hindered travel and forced aircraft to use up so much fuel that the strike commander ordered bombers to abort the raid to ensure most aircraft could return to base. The striking squadron lost two airplanes in the
North Sea, another two were forced to crash-land in the
Netherlands, and several more were lost in
Belgium.[97]
Third Battle of Oituz –
Austria-Hungary regained lost ground from Romanian counterattacks, nearly ending the battle. Combined casualties for the Austro-Hungarian and German forces were estimated at 1,500 with no official record of Romanian casualties.[53]
Battle of Mărășești – With no chance of breakthrough,
Germany switched to improving its offensive positions for a renewed offensive against
Romania.[60]
An antiwar uprising broke out in
Turin for "peace and bread".[114]
An internal explosion on German submarine
SM UC-41 sank the vessel in
River Tay,
Scotland, killing all 27 crew and seven British prisoners of war.[115]
German submarine
SM UC-72 went missing on this date with the loss of all 31 crew.[116]
Most of the provisions of
Corn Production Act come into force in the
United Kingdom, guaranteeing minimum prices for
wheat and
oats, as well as specifying the minimum wage for agricultural workers.[118]
The eighth raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz involved 15 bombers attacking
England during daylight. Five aircraft were forced to turn back over the
North Sea, and the remaining 10 encountered British fighter aircraft and heavy
anti-aircraft fire over the
Isle of Thanet. Two bombers were shot down immediately, and a third was shot down over
Dover. The losses prompted the German Air Force to halt daylight raids over the
United Kingdom and switch to night bombing.[120]
Eight German Navy Zeppelins commanded by Naval Airship Service officer
Peter Strasser aboard L 46 attempted a high-altitude raid on
England, but only reached the British coastline. It bombed the
Kingston upon Hull area, destroying a
chapel and injuring one civilian.[121]
Houston riot of 1917 – Following a rumor of an African American soldier dying while in police custody, 156 soldiers of the
24th Infantry Regiment mutinied and marched on
Houston where they clashed with police officers, resulting in 20 deaths. Courts-martial for the soldiers resulted in 19 being executed and another 41 given life sentences.[123]
Born:Mel Ferrer, American actor and director, known for his roles in Lili and War and Peace, in
Elberon, New Jersey (d.
2008);
J. L. Mackie, Australian philosopher, best known for his contribution to the discussion of ethics, author of Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, in
Sydney (d.
1981);
Lou van Burg, Dutch television game show host, best known for his game show Der goldene Schuss ("The Golden Shot"), in
The Hague (d.
1986)
August 26, 1917 (Sunday)
Battle of Verdun –
France achieved a costly advance into German territory around
Verdun at a cost of 14,000 casualties including 4,470 killed, while capturing some 11,000 German prisoners.[139]
Battle of Mărășești – After more than three weeks of fighting,
Germany only managed to achieve a 2–6 km-deep and 18–20 km-wide breakthrough in the Romanian line.[60]
^"85 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Archived from
the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
^Halley, James J. (1971). Famous Fighter Squadrons of the RAF: Volume 1. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Hylton Lacey Publishers Ltd. p. 68.
ISBN0-85064-100-4.
^Rose, Douglas (1999). The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose/Capital Transport.
ISBN1-85414-219-4.
^Edmonds, J. E. (1991) [1948]. Military Operations. France and Belgium 1917: Volume II, 7th June – 10th November. Messines and Third Ypres (Passchendaele). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
HMSO. p. 178.
ISBN978-0-901627-75-9.
ISBN978-0-89839-166-4
^Gough, H. de la P. (1968) [1931]. The Fifth Army (repr. Cedric Chivers ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 200.
OCLC59766599.
^Chisholm, Hugh (1922). The Encyclopædia Britannica, The Twelfth Edition, Volume 2. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, LTD.
^Sellars, Nigel Anthony (1998). Oil, Wheat, and Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World in Oklahoma, 1905-1930. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 90.
ISBN978-0-8061-3005-7.
^Helgason, Guðmundur.
"WWI U-boats: UC 44". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
^Series "E", Volume 23, 400th-500th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
^Bourchier, Arthur.
"Who Was Who", A & C Black, 1920–2007, online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2007, accessed 28 October 2008.
^Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) [1922]. The 18th Division in the Great War (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. p. 225.
ISBN978-1-84342-866-4.
^Kincaid-Smith, M. (2001) [1920]. The 25th Division in France and Flanders (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Harrison. p. 92.
ISBN978-1-84342-123-8.
^"Spain Faces Big Strike". The New York Times. No. August 11, 1917. August 10, 1917. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007), 159-60. Congress passed the Prohibition Amendment, which became the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, on August 1, 1917
^Fredette, Raymond H., The Sky on Fire: The First Battle of Britain 1917–1918, New York: Harvest, 1976,
ISBN0-15-682750-6, p. 263.
^Falls, Cyril (1996) [1930]. Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. Nashville, TN:
HMSO. p. 16.
ISBN1-870423-60-7.
^"Delphic". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^Harrold E. Russell, Jr. (2008). Company I 366th Infantry. RoseDog Books. p. 34.
ISBN978-0-8059-8992-2.
^James A. Sawicki (1981). Infantry Regiments of the U.S. Army. Wyvern. p. 522.
ISBN0-9602404-3-8.
^Maytime at the IBDB database. Retrieved November 16, 2007
^Hastings, Max, Bomber Command: Churchill's Epic Campaign - The Inside Story of the RAF's Valiant Attempt to End the War, New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1987,
ISBN0-671-68070-6, p. 38.
^Curtis, T. J., Capt, USMC and Lothar R. Long (1919). History of the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, Fourth Brigade, U.S. Marines, Second Division and Its Participation in the Great War. Germany: Neuweid on the Rhine. p. 5.
OCLC11237160.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^International Hat Company (1942). International Harvest Hat Company: A Brief History, 1917–1942 (25th Anniversary ed.). St. Louis, MO. p. 3.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Brunn, H.O. The Story of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1960. Reprinted by Da Capo Press, 1977.
ISBN0-306-70892-2
^Gerolympos, Alexandra Karadimou. The Redesign of Thessaloniki after the Fire of 1917. University Studio Press, Thessaloniki, 1995
^Schindler, John R. (2001). Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War. Praeger.
ISBN0275972046.
OCLC44681903.
^Perry, R. A. (2014). To Play a Giant's Part: The Role of the British Army at Passchendaele. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press. pp. 225–227.
ISBN978-1-78331-146-0.
^De Marchi, John. The Immaculate Heart, New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1952
^Pocaterra, José Rafael, Memorias de un venezolano de la decadencia (Memories of a Venezuelan in decline), Monte Ávila Latin-American editors C.A., Caracas, Venezuela, 1977.
^Series "E", Volume 25, History of the 800th-1111th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
Battle of Mărăști – Russian and Romanian forces broke through a 30 km stretch of German line and advanced 20 km into German held territory in eastern
Romania. While the victory did not entirely defeat the
German Ninth Army, the Russian-Romanian forces took 2,700 prisoners and 70 guns, and inflicted 9,600 German casualties. The Russian-Romanian force sustained 4,879 casualties.[1]
British hospital ship
HMHS Letitia ran aground and sank off
Nova Scotia while traveling from
Liverpool to
Halifax. A single person was killed and the rest of the crew were rescued.[3]
Montana labor leader
Frank Little was abducted by six masked men from his room in a boardinghouse, beaten and then dragged by car through the streets of
Butte, Montana. His official cause of death was
asphyxiation. Little had been in town as representative of the
Industrial Workers of the World organization to oversee a miners' strike at
Anaconda Copper. His murder was never solved.[5]
The German Navy Zeppelin L 53 achieved an altitude of 20,700 feet (6,300 meters), a new record for an airship.[6]
Battle of Pilckem Ridge – Days of constant rain turned the battlefield into mud, making it hard for troops and vehicles to traverse and thus slowing the advance. British casualties by then were recorded at 31,820 casualties while German casualties were 30,000, including 5,626 prisoners captured on the opening day of battle.[13][14]
Battle of Rumbo – A combined British-Portuguese force of 6,000 defeated a German unit of 2,500 men at the village of Rumbo in
German East Africa. The Germans lost 1,500 casualties and 600 were captured, while the Allied forces sustained 386 casualties.[15]
Italian
flying acePier Ruggero Piccio scored his eighth victory by shooting down Austro-Hungarian ace
Frank Linke-Crawford, who was flying a two-seat aircraft without a rear gunner on board. Linke-Crawford survived uninjured.[17]
British air naval officer
Edwin Harris Dunning successfully landed his aircraft on
Royal Navy carrier
HMS Furious in the
Scapa Flow. However, he died while making a third attempt to land on the same ship five days later.[18]
Green Corn Rebellion – An armed group of
Oklahoma farmers estimated between 800 and 1,000 met up with an armed posse on the
Canadian River where shots were exchanged before the group dispersed. Three people were killed over two days of unrest and 450 were arrested. Of that group, 184 were charged and 150 were convicted and sentenced to prison.[20]
American business leader and retired star football player and coach
John de Saulles (member of the
1901 College Football All-America Team), was shot by his estranged wife
Blanca Errázuriz in front of his home in
Westbury, New York. He later died from gunshot wounds in hospital. The two had been going through a high-profile divorce and custody battle over their son that had rising film star
Rudolph Valentino involved as a character witness.[24]
Battle of Passchendaele – German troops launched a surprise attack against British units near
Hollebeke,
Belgium, capturing the village (although it was later abandoned).[31]
Railway workers in
Sydney officially walked off the job to strike, with eventually over 100,000 industrial workers joining the
general strike throughout
Australia.[40][41]
Third Battle of Oituz – After suffering initial setbacks, Romanian forces pushed back against the combined Austro-Hungarian and German assault in the
Oituz valley of
Romania.[53]
Convicted Swedish serial killer
Hilda Nilsson committed suicide by hanging herself using linen cloth tied to her cell door, without knowing the court had commuted the original death penalty to life imprisonment that same day. She was the last Swedish death penalty prisoner not to be pardoned.[58]
German
Gotha bombers attacked the towns of
Shoeburyness and
Southend in
England in the sixth raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz ("Turk's Cross"). Along with a previous raid on July 22, the Germans lost a combined five bombers including one that was shot down and four others wrecked in crashes while returning to base.[62]
Disruptions caused by Catholic pilgrims flocking to the village of Cova da Iria,
Portugal to see visions of
Our Lady of Fátima forced provincial governor
Artur Santos to take custody of initial witnesses
Lúcia Santos and her cousins
Francisco and Jacinta Marto. The children were interviewed to see if they had made up the story but they defended the visions were real.[67]
An
explosion and fire at a weapons manufacturing plant in
Kazan,
Russia killed 21 people and injured another 172, including 30 children in the surrounding neighborhoods. Over 500 buildings were destroyed and an estimated 12,000 machine guns and one million shells were lost.[70]
After two months of study on
Allied aircraft in
Europe,
United States Army aeronautical commission head
ColonelRaynal Bolling made recommendations of the materials, engines and parts the
United States could provide to the Allied air war effort. He also recommended all top cadets in the U.S. aerial schools be dispatched to
France to complete their training to ensure trained American pilots were on hand to support Allied air military campaigns. The U.S. government signed an aeronautical agreement with
France by the end of the month.[78]
Battle of Hill 70 – Attempts to draw more German forces away from the
Ypres salient failed. Many units suffered casualties from German gas attacks, with an estimated 15,000–20,000 shells of
Yellow Cross fired into Canadian trenches.[82]
Born:Zvi Keren, American-Israeli jazz pianist and composer, known for his jazz compositions "Electronic Brain", "Riot in Russia", and "Regards to Igor", in
New York City (d.
2008);
Safa Khulusi, Iraqi writer, author of Islam Our Choice and Abu Nuwas in America, in
Baghdad (d.
1995)
Died:John W. Kern, American politician, U.S. Senator from
Indiana from 1911 to 1917 (b.
1849)
Battle of Langemarck – The
German Fourth Army was able to hold the lines against the
Allied attack but suffered 24,000 casualties, including 2,100 troops taken prisoner along with 30 guns and another 5,000 missing.[94] Both British and French armies suffered 36,190 casualties.[95]
A total 28 German bombers were launched in the seventh and largest raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz on
England. However, unfavorable wind conditions hindered travel and forced aircraft to use up so much fuel that the strike commander ordered bombers to abort the raid to ensure most aircraft could return to base. The striking squadron lost two airplanes in the
North Sea, another two were forced to crash-land in the
Netherlands, and several more were lost in
Belgium.[97]
Third Battle of Oituz –
Austria-Hungary regained lost ground from Romanian counterattacks, nearly ending the battle. Combined casualties for the Austro-Hungarian and German forces were estimated at 1,500 with no official record of Romanian casualties.[53]
Battle of Mărășești – With no chance of breakthrough,
Germany switched to improving its offensive positions for a renewed offensive against
Romania.[60]
An antiwar uprising broke out in
Turin for "peace and bread".[114]
An internal explosion on German submarine
SM UC-41 sank the vessel in
River Tay,
Scotland, killing all 27 crew and seven British prisoners of war.[115]
German submarine
SM UC-72 went missing on this date with the loss of all 31 crew.[116]
Most of the provisions of
Corn Production Act come into force in the
United Kingdom, guaranteeing minimum prices for
wheat and
oats, as well as specifying the minimum wage for agricultural workers.[118]
The eighth raid of
Operation Türkenkreuz involved 15 bombers attacking
England during daylight. Five aircraft were forced to turn back over the
North Sea, and the remaining 10 encountered British fighter aircraft and heavy
anti-aircraft fire over the
Isle of Thanet. Two bombers were shot down immediately, and a third was shot down over
Dover. The losses prompted the German Air Force to halt daylight raids over the
United Kingdom and switch to night bombing.[120]
Eight German Navy Zeppelins commanded by Naval Airship Service officer
Peter Strasser aboard L 46 attempted a high-altitude raid on
England, but only reached the British coastline. It bombed the
Kingston upon Hull area, destroying a
chapel and injuring one civilian.[121]
Houston riot of 1917 – Following a rumor of an African American soldier dying while in police custody, 156 soldiers of the
24th Infantry Regiment mutinied and marched on
Houston where they clashed with police officers, resulting in 20 deaths. Courts-martial for the soldiers resulted in 19 being executed and another 41 given life sentences.[123]
Born:Mel Ferrer, American actor and director, known for his roles in Lili and War and Peace, in
Elberon, New Jersey (d.
2008);
J. L. Mackie, Australian philosopher, best known for his contribution to the discussion of ethics, author of Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong, in
Sydney (d.
1981);
Lou van Burg, Dutch television game show host, best known for his game show Der goldene Schuss ("The Golden Shot"), in
The Hague (d.
1986)
August 26, 1917 (Sunday)
Battle of Verdun –
France achieved a costly advance into German territory around
Verdun at a cost of 14,000 casualties including 4,470 killed, while capturing some 11,000 German prisoners.[139]
Battle of Mărășești – After more than three weeks of fighting,
Germany only managed to achieve a 2–6 km-deep and 18–20 km-wide breakthrough in the Romanian line.[60]
^"85 Squadron". Royal Air Force. Archived from
the original on 7 December 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
^Halley, James J. (1971). Famous Fighter Squadrons of the RAF: Volume 1. Windsor, Berkshire, UK: Hylton Lacey Publishers Ltd. p. 68.
ISBN0-85064-100-4.
^Rose, Douglas (1999). The London Underground, A Diagrammatic History. Douglas Rose/Capital Transport.
ISBN1-85414-219-4.
^Edmonds, J. E. (1991) [1948]. Military Operations. France and Belgium 1917: Volume II, 7th June – 10th November. Messines and Third Ypres (Passchendaele). History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
HMSO. p. 178.
ISBN978-0-901627-75-9.
ISBN978-0-89839-166-4
^Gough, H. de la P. (1968) [1931]. The Fifth Army (repr. Cedric Chivers ed.). London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 200.
OCLC59766599.
^Chisholm, Hugh (1922). The Encyclopædia Britannica, The Twelfth Edition, Volume 2. New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company, LTD.
^Sellars, Nigel Anthony (1998). Oil, Wheat, and Wobblies: The Industrial Workers of the World in Oklahoma, 1905-1930. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 90.
ISBN978-0-8061-3005-7.
^Helgason, Guðmundur.
"WWI U-boats: UC 44". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 23 February 2009.
^Series "E", Volume 23, 400th-500th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
^Bourchier, Arthur.
"Who Was Who", A & C Black, 1920–2007, online edn, Oxford University Press, December 2007, accessed 28 October 2008.
^Nichols, G. H. F. (2004) [1922]. The 18th Division in the Great War (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Blackwood. p. 225.
ISBN978-1-84342-866-4.
^Kincaid-Smith, M. (2001) [1920]. The 25th Division in France and Flanders (Naval & Military Press ed.). London: Harrison. p. 92.
ISBN978-1-84342-123-8.
^"Spain Faces Big Strike". The New York Times. No. August 11, 1917. August 10, 1917. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
^David Pietrusza, 1920: The Year of Six Presidents (NY: Carroll & Graf, 2007), 159-60. Congress passed the Prohibition Amendment, which became the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, on August 1, 1917
^Fredette, Raymond H., The Sky on Fire: The First Battle of Britain 1917–1918, New York: Harvest, 1976,
ISBN0-15-682750-6, p. 263.
^Falls, Cyril (1996) [1930]. Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II. Nashville, TN:
HMSO. p. 16.
ISBN1-870423-60-7.
^"Delphic". Uboat.net. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
^Harrold E. Russell, Jr. (2008). Company I 366th Infantry. RoseDog Books. p. 34.
ISBN978-0-8059-8992-2.
^James A. Sawicki (1981). Infantry Regiments of the U.S. Army. Wyvern. p. 522.
ISBN0-9602404-3-8.
^Maytime at the IBDB database. Retrieved November 16, 2007
^Hastings, Max, Bomber Command: Churchill's Epic Campaign - The Inside Story of the RAF's Valiant Attempt to End the War, New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1987,
ISBN0-671-68070-6, p. 38.
^Curtis, T. J., Capt, USMC and Lothar R. Long (1919). History of the Sixth Machine Gun Battalion, Fourth Brigade, U.S. Marines, Second Division and Its Participation in the Great War. Germany: Neuweid on the Rhine. p. 5.
OCLC11237160.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
link)
^International Hat Company (1942). International Harvest Hat Company: A Brief History, 1917–1942 (25th Anniversary ed.). St. Louis, MO. p. 3.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Brunn, H.O. The Story of the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1960. Reprinted by Da Capo Press, 1977.
ISBN0-306-70892-2
^Gerolympos, Alexandra Karadimou. The Redesign of Thessaloniki after the Fire of 1917. University Studio Press, Thessaloniki, 1995
^Schindler, John R. (2001). Isonzo: The Forgotten Sacrifice of the Great War. Praeger.
ISBN0275972046.
OCLC44681903.
^Perry, R. A. (2014). To Play a Giant's Part: The Role of the British Army at Passchendaele. Uckfield: Naval & Military Press. pp. 225–227.
ISBN978-1-78331-146-0.
^De Marchi, John. The Immaculate Heart, New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1952
^Pocaterra, José Rafael, Memorias de un venezolano de la decadencia (Memories of a Venezuelan in decline), Monte Ávila Latin-American editors C.A., Caracas, Venezuela, 1977.
^Series "E", Volume 25, History of the 800th-1111th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.