German submarine
SM UB-54 went missing after departing for patrol in the
English Channel. It was believed it had struck a mine and sank with all 29 crew.[4]
American
collier ship
USS Cyclops disappeared with all 306 crew and passengers on-board after departing from
Barbados for
Baltimore following an unscheduled stop for repairs. The cargo ship went missing in the
Bermuda Triangle, a sea region notorious for unexplained disappearances, although the
United States Navy speculated the ship may have had experienced structural failure and foundered en route. Along with her cargo of 10,800 long tons (10,973 t) of
manganese ore that would have been used to manufacture munitions, the ship was the single biggest non-combative loss of life and cargo in American naval history.[28]
Invasion of Åland – A German naval unit landed on the
Åland Islands in the
Baltic Sea in an attempt to secure strategic naval staging areas for
Operation Faustschlag ("Operation Fist Punch") before islands fell under Swedish control. The unit captured 1,200 Russian troops while
Sweden interned another 250 Ukrainian, Russian and Estonian soldiers on the islands it controlled.[31]
The Finnish Army Corps of Aviation was established as a forerunner to the
Finnish Air Force, with the first plane donated by Swedish explorer and aviator
Eric von Rosen.[35]
The
United States Cavalry caught three fugitives from a
shootout at a mining cabin in the
Galiuro Mountains of
Arizona on February 10, ending the largest manhunt in the state's history. All three received life sentences for the shooting deaths of three lawmen but two of the surviving fugitives were released and pardoned in 1960.[44]
The first Yiddish communist newspaper The Truth was published in
Petrograd. It was closed down soon after and restarted as Der Emes.[45]
A
cyclone struck
Innisfail, Queensland,
Australia, delivering winds exceeding 100 km/h and destroying all but a dozen houses in the town. The storm killed 37 people in the town itself and another 40 to 60 people in the surrounding countryside.[48]
German submarine
SM UB-17 disappeared after departing from
Zeebrugge,
Belgium with all 18 crew missing. Her wreck was discovered in 2013 off the coast of
Suffolk,
England.[61]
Battle of Tell 'Asur – British forces captured the town of
Deir Ballut before securing the new Palestinian front line at a cost of 1,300 casualties. It would hold until the next general advance in the fall.[69]
British submarine
HMS D3 was bombed and sunk in the
English Channel after it was mistaken for a German
U-boat by a French
airship, killing all 25 crew on board.[70]
Japanese businessman
Kōnosuke Matsushita founded the Matsushita Electric Industrial Company in
Osaka as a wholesaler of light sockets. The company expanded to selling other electrical products and eventually became the electronics manufacturer
Panasonic Electric Works, and its electronics brand name
Panasonic.[78]
A mass execution of
Red Guard prisoners in the aftermath of the
Battle of Varkaus ended with a total 180 deaths. Of these, known as the "
Lottery of Huruslahti", 87 were formal executions following courts-martial. Another estimated 100 perished in
prison camps over the next few months.[81]
German submarine
SM U-110 was depth charged and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean by
Royal Navy ships with the loss of all 39 crew after sinking British ocean liner
Amazon (her crew survived).[85][86]
German submarine
SM UB-106 sank at
Kiel,
Germany with the loss of all 35 crew. She was raised three days later, repaired and returned to service.[87]
Battle of Tampere – The
White Guards engaged in the fiercest fighting of the battle against the
Red Guards at
Länkipohja,
Finland. An estimated 20 to 60 Red Guards were killed in combat, and another 70 to 100 were executed following the end of the battle.[91]
Finnish composer
Jean Sibelius released the nationalistic choral Our Native Land to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Finnish National Chorus.[99]
John Bowser resigned as
Premier of Victoria after his railway estimates bill was defeated in parliament.[115]Harry Lawson became premier and formed a composite ministry of Liberal factions, including Bowser as Chief Secretary and Minister for Public Health.[116]
The giant German cannon, the '
Paris Gun' (Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz), began shelling
Paris from 114 km (71 mi) away, with bombardments continuing until August 7.[123]
Operation Michael – German forces broke through the reorganized British line at
Jussy on the
Canal de Saint-Quentin as British forces continue to fall back.[124] Notable in the battle was a British platoon led by Lieutenant
Alfred Cecil Herring that retook a captured bridge over Crozat Canal from the Germans and held it for 12 hours before being overwhelmed. Herring was awarded the
Victoria Cross after the war.[125]
American magician William E. Robinson, under the stage name
Chung Ling Soo, was critically injured during a performance at the
Wood Green in
London when a trick to "catch" two separate bullets failed and one of them perforated his lung. He died the following morning in the hospital.[129]
While on a vehicle reconnaissance of the
Western Front near
Estrées-Deniécourt,
France,
ColonelRaynal Bolling of the
Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force and his driver Private Paul L. Holder were ambushed by German soldiers. The gunfire disabled the car engine, forcing the two men into separate shell holes. When two German soldiers approached the hole Holder was in and attempted to shoot him, Bolling appeared from cover and shot one of the soldiers before the other killed him. Holder then played dead until the Germans left before he attempted to make his way back to headquarters, but was captured along the way and made a prisoner of war. He was only able to make a formal report on Bolling's death after the war ended.[151]
The Germans re-designated their Shutzstafffeln (escort squadrons) as Schlasta (attack squadrons) in recognition of their close air support achievements during
Operation Michael.[158]
Battle of Tampere – The
White Guards attempted to fight their way into
Tampere,
Finland while sustaining some of the heaviest casualties of the battle in what was dubbed "Bloody Thursday". Casualties were estimated at 200 killed while the Red Guards lost 50 to 70 fighters, including their commander
Hugo Salmela who was killed by a hand grenade exploding in his headquarters. The White Guards called off the attack for the next five days and only shelled the town.[162]
The film crime drama The Whispering Chorus, directed by
Cecil B. DeMille, was released to controversy for depictions of crime and violence, including a climatic execution scene involving an electric chair. The film was the sixth-highest grossing of the year.[167]
First Battle of Amman – British forces faced a deteriorating situation including low ammo, bad weather, boggy conditions that made equipment hard to move, and continuous counterattacks from the Ottomans.[168]
March Days – Attempts to disarm
Musavat-led militia in
Baku,
Azerbaijan failed, prompting Soviet commissioner
Prokofy Dzhaparidze for the Bolshevik-
Armenian joint force to report "Musavat had launched a political war."[181] An Armenian force began massacring thousands of civilians, mostly Muslim, throughout the city.[182]
British ocean liner
Celtic was torpedoed and damaged in the
Irish Sea by German submarine
SM UB-77 with the loss of six lives. She was beached but later refloated, repaired and returned to service.[185]
The American Aviation Acceptance Park, later renamed
Orly Air Base, was established south of
Paris.[186]
^"The New Allan Liner Calgarian". International Marine Engineering. XIX (May 1914). Aldrich Publishing Company: 217–218. 1914. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
^Harjula, Mirko (2010). Itämeri 1914-1921: Itämeren laivastot maailmansodassa sekä Venäjän vallankumouksissa ja sisällissodassa. Helsinki: Books on Demand. pp. 86–87.
ISBN978-952-49838-3-9.
^The Times, 8 March 1918: The Queen Mother's message to Mrs. Redmond: "Pray accept my most heartfelt sympathy in your great sorrow and irreparable loss, which we all share for our Irish leader".
^MacDonagh, Michael (1928). The Life of William O'Brien, the Irish Nationalist. Ernst Benn London. pp. 231–232.
^Mitchell, David.
"John Oliver". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
^Shores, Christopher (1969). Finnish Air Force, 1918–1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publications Ltd. p. 3.
ISBN978-0668021210.
^"Curtiss/Sperry "Flying Bomb"". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Andreas Parsch. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
^Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. A. F. Becke (maps). London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 312–315.
OCLC256950972.
^Karel Goš: "Bitva u Bachmače byla slavnou epizodou Hanáckého pluku : největší oslavy proběhly v roce 1938", article in newspaper Olomoucký den, March 20, 1999, p. 10
^Seventh Congress of the Russian Communist Party. Verbatim Report. March 6–8, 1918" (1923)
^Estraikh, Gennady. The Yiddish-Language Communist Press, in Frankel, Jonathan (ed.), Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Vol. 20, Dark Times, Dire Decisions : Jews and Communism.
New York City: Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 63
^Bordman, Gerald (1995). American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914–1930. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 82.
ISBN0-19-509078-0.
OCLC30356203.
^Shearer, Benjamin F. (2007). Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime, Volume 2. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 362.
ISBN978-0-313-33422-1.
^Roselius, Aapo (2006). Amatöörien sota. Rintamataisteluiden henkilötappiot Suomen sisällissodassa 1918. Helsinki: Prime Minister's Office of Finland. pp. 31–51.
ISBN978-952-53549-2-8.
^Laws Passed by the ... Legislature of the State of Texas. Telegraph Office, 1918.
222. "Approved March 18, 1918. Became a law March 18, 1918. Creating the Sugar Land Independent School District"
^"SS Linz". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
^Nerdrum, Johan (1986). Fugl fønix: En beretning om Det Norske Luftfartselskap [Bird phoenix: An account of Det Norske Luftfartselskap] (in Norwegian).
Oslo:
Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. p. 31.
ISBN82-05-16663-3.
^Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976,
ISBN0-370-10054-9, p. 424
^Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 116
^"The Club - Our History". Club Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca. Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
^Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. Maps by A. F. Becke. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 333–334.
OCLC256950972.
^Miller, Henry W. (1930). Cape, Jonathan; Smith, Harrison (eds.). The Paris Gun: The Bombardment of Paris by the German Long Range Guns and the Great German Offensive of 1918. New York. p. 723.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Steinmeyer, Jim (2006). The Glorious Deception: The Double Life of William Robinson, Aka Chung Ling Soo, the Marvelous Chinese Conjurer. Da Capo Press. p. 390.
ISBN0-7867-3653-4.
^Moberly, F.J. (1923). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign, Imperial War Museum.
ISBN1-870423-30-5
^Lettens, Jan; Racey, Carl (9 February 2011).
"SS Lady Cory-Wright [+1918]". WreckSite. wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
^Helgason, Guðmundur.
"WWI U-boats: U 61". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
^Pearson, Henry G. (1923).
"Statement of Private Holder 1919". A Business Man in Uniform. The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc. Retrieved 26 October 2012. pp. 198-201 and Apprendix I
^Kilduff, Peter, The Red Baron: Beyond the Legend, London: Cassell, 1994,
ISBN0-304-35207-1, pp. 16-17
^Blumberg, Arnold, "The First Ground-Pounders," Aviation History, November 2014, pp. 42-43.
^Trimble, William F. Wings for the Navy: A History of the Naval Aircraft Factory, 1917-1956. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990. p. 413
^Edmonds, J. E.; Davies, C. B.; Maxwell-Hyslop, R. G. B. (1995) [1937]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918: March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 27–28, 64–75.
ISBN0-89839-223-3.
^Auger, Martin F. "On the Brink of Civil War: The Canadian Government and the Suppression of the 1918 Quebec Easter Riots" Canadian Historical Review 89/4 (2008), p. 9
^Series 1, Paris Headquarters and Supply Section, Volume 21 History of American Aviation Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.
German submarine
SM UB-54 went missing after departing for patrol in the
English Channel. It was believed it had struck a mine and sank with all 29 crew.[4]
American
collier ship
USS Cyclops disappeared with all 306 crew and passengers on-board after departing from
Barbados for
Baltimore following an unscheduled stop for repairs. The cargo ship went missing in the
Bermuda Triangle, a sea region notorious for unexplained disappearances, although the
United States Navy speculated the ship may have had experienced structural failure and foundered en route. Along with her cargo of 10,800 long tons (10,973 t) of
manganese ore that would have been used to manufacture munitions, the ship was the single biggest non-combative loss of life and cargo in American naval history.[28]
Invasion of Åland – A German naval unit landed on the
Åland Islands in the
Baltic Sea in an attempt to secure strategic naval staging areas for
Operation Faustschlag ("Operation Fist Punch") before islands fell under Swedish control. The unit captured 1,200 Russian troops while
Sweden interned another 250 Ukrainian, Russian and Estonian soldiers on the islands it controlled.[31]
The Finnish Army Corps of Aviation was established as a forerunner to the
Finnish Air Force, with the first plane donated by Swedish explorer and aviator
Eric von Rosen.[35]
The
United States Cavalry caught three fugitives from a
shootout at a mining cabin in the
Galiuro Mountains of
Arizona on February 10, ending the largest manhunt in the state's history. All three received life sentences for the shooting deaths of three lawmen but two of the surviving fugitives were released and pardoned in 1960.[44]
The first Yiddish communist newspaper The Truth was published in
Petrograd. It was closed down soon after and restarted as Der Emes.[45]
A
cyclone struck
Innisfail, Queensland,
Australia, delivering winds exceeding 100 km/h and destroying all but a dozen houses in the town. The storm killed 37 people in the town itself and another 40 to 60 people in the surrounding countryside.[48]
German submarine
SM UB-17 disappeared after departing from
Zeebrugge,
Belgium with all 18 crew missing. Her wreck was discovered in 2013 off the coast of
Suffolk,
England.[61]
Battle of Tell 'Asur – British forces captured the town of
Deir Ballut before securing the new Palestinian front line at a cost of 1,300 casualties. It would hold until the next general advance in the fall.[69]
British submarine
HMS D3 was bombed and sunk in the
English Channel after it was mistaken for a German
U-boat by a French
airship, killing all 25 crew on board.[70]
Japanese businessman
Kōnosuke Matsushita founded the Matsushita Electric Industrial Company in
Osaka as a wholesaler of light sockets. The company expanded to selling other electrical products and eventually became the electronics manufacturer
Panasonic Electric Works, and its electronics brand name
Panasonic.[78]
A mass execution of
Red Guard prisoners in the aftermath of the
Battle of Varkaus ended with a total 180 deaths. Of these, known as the "
Lottery of Huruslahti", 87 were formal executions following courts-martial. Another estimated 100 perished in
prison camps over the next few months.[81]
German submarine
SM U-110 was depth charged and sunk in the
Atlantic Ocean by
Royal Navy ships with the loss of all 39 crew after sinking British ocean liner
Amazon (her crew survived).[85][86]
German submarine
SM UB-106 sank at
Kiel,
Germany with the loss of all 35 crew. She was raised three days later, repaired and returned to service.[87]
Battle of Tampere – The
White Guards engaged in the fiercest fighting of the battle against the
Red Guards at
Länkipohja,
Finland. An estimated 20 to 60 Red Guards were killed in combat, and another 70 to 100 were executed following the end of the battle.[91]
Finnish composer
Jean Sibelius released the nationalistic choral Our Native Land to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the Finnish National Chorus.[99]
John Bowser resigned as
Premier of Victoria after his railway estimates bill was defeated in parliament.[115]Harry Lawson became premier and formed a composite ministry of Liberal factions, including Bowser as Chief Secretary and Minister for Public Health.[116]
The giant German cannon, the '
Paris Gun' (Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz), began shelling
Paris from 114 km (71 mi) away, with bombardments continuing until August 7.[123]
Operation Michael – German forces broke through the reorganized British line at
Jussy on the
Canal de Saint-Quentin as British forces continue to fall back.[124] Notable in the battle was a British platoon led by Lieutenant
Alfred Cecil Herring that retook a captured bridge over Crozat Canal from the Germans and held it for 12 hours before being overwhelmed. Herring was awarded the
Victoria Cross after the war.[125]
American magician William E. Robinson, under the stage name
Chung Ling Soo, was critically injured during a performance at the
Wood Green in
London when a trick to "catch" two separate bullets failed and one of them perforated his lung. He died the following morning in the hospital.[129]
While on a vehicle reconnaissance of the
Western Front near
Estrées-Deniécourt,
France,
ColonelRaynal Bolling of the
Air Service of the American Expeditionary Force and his driver Private Paul L. Holder were ambushed by German soldiers. The gunfire disabled the car engine, forcing the two men into separate shell holes. When two German soldiers approached the hole Holder was in and attempted to shoot him, Bolling appeared from cover and shot one of the soldiers before the other killed him. Holder then played dead until the Germans left before he attempted to make his way back to headquarters, but was captured along the way and made a prisoner of war. He was only able to make a formal report on Bolling's death after the war ended.[151]
The Germans re-designated their Shutzstafffeln (escort squadrons) as Schlasta (attack squadrons) in recognition of their close air support achievements during
Operation Michael.[158]
Battle of Tampere – The
White Guards attempted to fight their way into
Tampere,
Finland while sustaining some of the heaviest casualties of the battle in what was dubbed "Bloody Thursday". Casualties were estimated at 200 killed while the Red Guards lost 50 to 70 fighters, including their commander
Hugo Salmela who was killed by a hand grenade exploding in his headquarters. The White Guards called off the attack for the next five days and only shelled the town.[162]
The film crime drama The Whispering Chorus, directed by
Cecil B. DeMille, was released to controversy for depictions of crime and violence, including a climatic execution scene involving an electric chair. The film was the sixth-highest grossing of the year.[167]
First Battle of Amman – British forces faced a deteriorating situation including low ammo, bad weather, boggy conditions that made equipment hard to move, and continuous counterattacks from the Ottomans.[168]
March Days – Attempts to disarm
Musavat-led militia in
Baku,
Azerbaijan failed, prompting Soviet commissioner
Prokofy Dzhaparidze for the Bolshevik-
Armenian joint force to report "Musavat had launched a political war."[181] An Armenian force began massacring thousands of civilians, mostly Muslim, throughout the city.[182]
British ocean liner
Celtic was torpedoed and damaged in the
Irish Sea by German submarine
SM UB-77 with the loss of six lives. She was beached but later refloated, repaired and returned to service.[185]
The American Aviation Acceptance Park, later renamed
Orly Air Base, was established south of
Paris.[186]
^"The New Allan Liner Calgarian". International Marine Engineering. XIX (May 1914). Aldrich Publishing Company: 217–218. 1914. Retrieved 17 October 2014.
^Harjula, Mirko (2010). Itämeri 1914-1921: Itämeren laivastot maailmansodassa sekä Venäjän vallankumouksissa ja sisällissodassa. Helsinki: Books on Demand. pp. 86–87.
ISBN978-952-49838-3-9.
^The Times, 8 March 1918: The Queen Mother's message to Mrs. Redmond: "Pray accept my most heartfelt sympathy in your great sorrow and irreparable loss, which we all share for our Irish leader".
^MacDonagh, Michael (1928). The Life of William O'Brien, the Irish Nationalist. Ernst Benn London. pp. 231–232.
^Mitchell, David.
"John Oliver". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. University of Toronto/Université Laval. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
^Shores, Christopher (1969). Finnish Air Force, 1918–1968. Reading, Berkshire, UK: Osprey Publications Ltd. p. 3.
ISBN978-0668021210.
^"Curtiss/Sperry "Flying Bomb"". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. Andreas Parsch. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
^Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. A. F. Becke (maps). London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 312–315.
OCLC256950972.
^Karel Goš: "Bitva u Bachmače byla slavnou epizodou Hanáckého pluku : největší oslavy proběhly v roce 1938", article in newspaper Olomoucký den, March 20, 1999, p. 10
^Seventh Congress of the Russian Communist Party. Verbatim Report. March 6–8, 1918" (1923)
^Estraikh, Gennady. The Yiddish-Language Communist Press, in Frankel, Jonathan (ed.), Studies in Contemporary Jewry. Vol. 20, Dark Times, Dire Decisions : Jews and Communism.
New York City: Oxford University Press, 2005. p. 63
^Bordman, Gerald (1995). American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914–1930. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 82.
ISBN0-19-509078-0.
OCLC30356203.
^Shearer, Benjamin F. (2007). Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime, Volume 2. Vol. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 362.
ISBN978-0-313-33422-1.
^Roselius, Aapo (2006). Amatöörien sota. Rintamataisteluiden henkilötappiot Suomen sisällissodassa 1918. Helsinki: Prime Minister's Office of Finland. pp. 31–51.
ISBN978-952-53549-2-8.
^Laws Passed by the ... Legislature of the State of Texas. Telegraph Office, 1918.
222. "Approved March 18, 1918. Became a law March 18, 1918. Creating the Sugar Land Independent School District"
^"SS Linz". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
^Nerdrum, Johan (1986). Fugl fønix: En beretning om Det Norske Luftfartselskap [Bird phoenix: An account of Det Norske Luftfartselskap] (in Norwegian).
Oslo:
Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. p. 31.
ISBN82-05-16663-3.
^Swanborough, Gordon, and Peter M. Bowers, United States Navy Aircraft Since 1911, London: Putnam, 1976,
ISBN0-370-10054-9, p. 424
^Angelucci, Enzo, The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present, New York: Orion Books, 1987, p. 116
^"The Club - Our History". Club Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca. Estudiantes de Bahía Blanca. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
^Falls, Cyril (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. Maps by A. F. Becke. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 333–334.
OCLC256950972.
^Miller, Henry W. (1930). Cape, Jonathan; Smith, Harrison (eds.). The Paris Gun: The Bombardment of Paris by the German Long Range Guns and the Great German Offensive of 1918. New York. p. 723.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^Steinmeyer, Jim (2006). The Glorious Deception: The Double Life of William Robinson, Aka Chung Ling Soo, the Marvelous Chinese Conjurer. Da Capo Press. p. 390.
ISBN0-7867-3653-4.
^Moberly, F.J. (1923). Official History of the War: Mesopotamia Campaign, Imperial War Museum.
ISBN1-870423-30-5
^Lettens, Jan; Racey, Carl (9 February 2011).
"SS Lady Cory-Wright [+1918]". WreckSite. wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 28 June 2011.
^Helgason, Guðmundur.
"WWI U-boats: U 61". German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
^Pearson, Henry G. (1923).
"Statement of Private Holder 1919". A Business Man in Uniform. The Early Birds of Aviation, Inc. Retrieved 26 October 2012. pp. 198-201 and Apprendix I
^Kilduff, Peter, The Red Baron: Beyond the Legend, London: Cassell, 1994,
ISBN0-304-35207-1, pp. 16-17
^Blumberg, Arnold, "The First Ground-Pounders," Aviation History, November 2014, pp. 42-43.
^Trimble, William F. Wings for the Navy: A History of the Naval Aircraft Factory, 1917-1956. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990. p. 413
^Edmonds, J. E.; Davies, C. B.; Maxwell-Hyslop, R. G. B. (1995) [1937]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1918: March–April: Continuation of the German Offensives. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents, by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 27–28, 64–75.
ISBN0-89839-223-3.
^Auger, Martin F. "On the Brink of Civil War: The Canadian Government and the Suppression of the 1918 Quebec Easter Riots" Canadian Historical Review 89/4 (2008), p. 9
^Series 1, Paris Headquarters and Supply Section, Volume 21 History of American Aviation Acceptance Park No. 1 at Orly Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.