Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition – Talks of surrender broke down between the Anglo-Egyptian force commanded by
Philip James Vandeleur Kelly and
SultanAli Dinar of the
Sultanate of Darfur, leader of a rebellion against British colonial rule in what is now
Sudan. Dinar had barricaded his force in the mountains outside the regional capital of
El Fasher since abandoning it in May. Dinar's force of 2,000 men began to dwindle down to half as men deserted him.[3]
The first edition of the Kentucky Thoroughbred Horse Association Bulletin news magazine was published for local horse breeders in
Lexington, Kentucky. The magazine grew in popularity with horse breeders across the
United States and was renamed The Blood-Horse in 1929.[9]
Battle of Romani – British reinforcements launched a front attack on German-Ottoman forces at Wellington Ridge and a rearguard action at Katia that overturned the enemy's assault on the
Sinai Peninsula.[22][23]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – The Italian army launched its sixth offensive against Austria-Hungary in northern
Italy with the
Battle of Doberdò, the bloodiest single battle on the Italian front. Some 20,000 soldiers from both sides were killed or missing before the Italians were able to push Austro-Hungarian forces out of the
Doberdò del Lago commune.[26]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a counter-assault on the captured O.G. Lines while the Australian forces were rotating units. [24]
Battle of Romani – British forces continue to advance on the town of Oghratina as they pursued the retreating German-Ottoman force on the
Sinai Peninsula.[27][28]
French
flying ace Captain
René Fonck gained his first confirmed victory, eventually becoming the highest-scoring
Allied and second-highest-scoring ace overall of
World War I.[29]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a final counterattack to recapture their lost trench network. As Germans overran the trench system and began to take prisoners, Australian officer
LieutenantAlbert Jacka, a veteran of the
Gallipoli campaign, led seven soldiers to resist in heavy hand-to-hand combat that repelled the attack, capturing 50 Germans in the process.[31] He was subsequently award the
Military Cross for his actions, although many eyewitnesses insisted he should have won a second
Victoria Cross.[32]
German submarine
SM UB-44 disappeared after departing from port for the
Dardanelles although naval historians speculate she was sunk by a patrol boat.[40]
Died:Lily Braun, German feminist writer, advocate for economic freedom and abolition of legal marriage for women in Germany (b.
1865);
Torakusu Yamaha, Japanese business executive, founder of the
Yamaha Corporation (b.
1851)
Battle of Bitlis – Russian and Armenian forces captured the Turkish provincial of
Bitlis and the surrounding region in eastern
Turkey.[44]
Battle of Bir el Abd – Ottoman forces repelled the
ANZAC Mounted Division at Bir el Abd on the
Sinai Peninsula that slowed the British pursuit of retreating German and Ottoman forces. The joint Australian-New Zealand unit lost 300 casualties.[45]
An Austro-Hungarian aircraft sank British
submarineHMS B-10 in the
Adriatic Sea, the first time aircraft succeeded in sinking such a vessel.[46][47]
The crime drama Cheating Cheaters by
Max Marcin — a melodrama about two groups of jewel thieves posing as wealthy families to rob the other — premiered on
Broadway and would run for 286 performances.[51][52]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 2 and 3 were established as the second and third dedicated fighting squadrons for the Imperial German Flying Corps.[54][55][better source needed]
The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme premièred in
London. In the first six weeks of general release, 20 million people viewed it.[56]
Died:Addie L. Ballou, American poet activist, leading advocate for women's suffrage,
temperance and prison reform, author of poetry collections Driftwood and The Padre’s Dream and Other Poems (b.
1838);
Charles Dawson, British amateur archaeologist, charged with fraud on several archaeological discoveries including the
Piltdown Man (b.
1864);
John J. Loud, American entrepreneur, designer of the
ballpoint pen (b.
1844)
Attacks on High Wood – British forces were equipped with flamethrowers and explosive-laden pipes to flush German defenses out of a wood near
Bazentin,
France.[58]
The
Rosecrance Memorial Home opened as boy orphanage in
New Milford, Illinois. The organization has since expanded to provide treatment facilities for adolescents and adults.[60]
Battle of Romani – A planned attack on Bir el Abd was cancelled as supply and communications for the
ANZAC forces were stretched to the limit on the
Sinai Peninsula, ending the British pursuit of the remaining German-Ottoman forces to
Arish. The action formally ended any further military action in the region and cemented the
Allies' hold on the
Suez Canal.[61] In all, British casualties for the battle ranged from 1,200 to 1,300, while Ottoman-German casualties were estimated at 9,000.[62]
The "Gibraltar" bunker near
Pozières,
France, in late August. A fatigue party laden with
sandbags heads for the fighting at
Mouquet Farm.
Battle of Pozières –
Germany called off any further attacks to retake the village of
Pozières,
France, from Australian forces. In all, the Australians forces sustained around 23,000 casualties.[64][65]
1916 Texas hurricane — The tropical storm intensified into a hurricane while south of
Hispaniola and made landfall at
Kingston, Jamaica, killing two people and causing extensive damage in the capital city as well as to banana plantations in the surrounding area.[68][69]
British submarines
HMS E4 and
HMS E41 collided into one another in the
North Sea, killed a total 47 crew from both vessels while another 15 survived.[70]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian General
Luigi Cadorna called off the offensive after advancing five kilometers into Austro-Hungarian territory. The Italians sustained 51,000 casualties while Austro-Hungarian forces had 40,000.[77]
British poet
F. W. Harvey was captured by the Germans and spent the rest of the war circulated between seven
prisoner of war camps. Much of it would be spent in solitary confinement which allowed Harvey time to write a wealth of poetry and memoirs that were published in the post-war period.[79]
1916 Texas hurricane — The hurricane made landfall at
Baffin Bay,
Texas, with maximum wind speeds at 135 mph (215 km/h) and bringing an estimated 1.58 inches (25.4 mm) of rain.[57] The storm left $1.6 million (1916 USD) in damages in Texas and 24 people dead in total.[85]
The British and German navies
clashed in the
North Sea in an attempt to regain sea advantage after the losses at the
Battle of Jutland in June. A total of 18 German battleships, supported by submarines and Zeppelins, fought 29 Royal Navy battleships and supporting naval vessels. German submarines sank British
light cruisersHMS Nottingham and
HMS Falmouth while a British sub damaged German battleship
SMS Westfalen. Despite the loss of ships, casualties were light as crews had time to abandon ship and reach new vessels.[87]
The Irish Times in
Dublin issued a 264-page handbook detailing the events of the
Easter Rising with a second edition published at the end of the year.[88]
Battle of Delville Wood – The Germans inflicted nearly 200 casualties on a British direct assault in the wood, but a midnight attack allowed them to capture the road to
Flers,
France, along with over 200 German prisoners and a dozen machine guns.[91]
German submarine
SM UC-10 was torpedoed and sunk by British submarine
HMS E54 with the loss of all 18 of her crew.[92]
Battle of Delville Wood – The British captured the north end of a key front line German trench but wet weather prevented further attacks for about a week.[93]
The German air squadron Jagdstaffel 1 was established as the third dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps (despite having first top numerical order), with fighter pilot
Kurt Wintgens as its first war ace.[95][better source needed]
Battle of Mlali – British colonial forces under General
Jan Smuts attempted to draw out the opposing German side to fight their superior numbers near
Mlali in what is now
Tanzania, but failed in their attempts. As no ground was yielded, the British considered the battle a victory. During the fighting, cavalry officer Captain
William Bloomfield was awarded a
Victoria Cross for rescuing a wounded comrade at considerable risk for his own safety.[97]
Attacks on High Wood — Three British battalions attacked German machine defenses in the wood.[98]
Thirteen German naval airships under command by
Peter Strasser attacked
England. British antiaircraft fire damaged several airships and most of their bombs miss their targets widely, but L 31 under command of Heinrich Mathy bombed southeast London, inflicting
£130,000 in damage, including damage to a power station at
Deptford, and killing nine and injuring 40 civilians.[100]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 4 and 6 were established in the Imperial German Flying Corps, and would become two of its top squadrons in terms of air battle successes for
World War I.[106][107][better source needed]
Battle of Delville Wood – After a week delay due to rain, the British attacked and captured the rest of the front line German trench held since August 21.[108]
Battle of Delville Wood – British efforts to capitalize on success with capturing the front line German trench were slowed by hardened enemy defenses.[108]
A military flying school known as Ham Common was established, eventually becoming
Richmond, the oldest and largest airbase for the
Royal Australian Air Force.[117]
Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army captured several more villages in
Transylvania and set themselves up completing the first objective of the offensive.[116]
^Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. p. 299.
ISBN978-0-67401-880-8.
^McMeekin, Sean. The Berlin-Baghdad Express: the Ottoman Empire and Germany's bid for world power. p. 243.
^MacMunn, Sir George Fletcher; Falls, Cyril (1928). Military Operations, Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London:
H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 147–153.
OCLC817051831.
^Whitley, M. J. (1998). Battleships of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 157–58.
ISBN978-1-55750-184-4.
^Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989,
ISBN0-87021-210-9, p. 50.
^Durkota, Allen; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995). The Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft and World War I. Flying Machines Press. p. 177.
ISBN978-0963711021.
^Architect of the Capitol.
"Apotheosis of Democracy". Capitol Campus. Architect of the Capitol. Archived from
the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 15 Feb 2011.
^Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War With Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 186–187.
OCLC610273484.
^Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922). The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War, Volume III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. pp. 29–31.
OCLC2959465.
^Miles, W. (1992) [1938]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 185–186.
ISBN978-0-901627-76-6.
^Lukachich, Géza (1918). A Doberdó védelme az első isonzói csatában. [The defense of the Doberdó in the first battle of Isonzó]. Budapest: Atheaneum. p. 89.
^Kevin J. Fewster (1983).
"Jacka, Albert (1893–1932)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. pp. 442–453.
Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
^Moore, A. Briscoe (1920). The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai & Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs. p. 32.
OCLC561949575.
^Messimer, Dwight R. (2002). Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 165.
ISBN978-1-55750-475-3.
OCLC231973419.
^Gullett, Henry Somer (1923). The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. pp. 176–186.
OCLC59863829.
^Wilson, Michael (1981). "The British 'B' Class Submarine". In Roberts, John (ed.). Warship Volume V. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 79.
ISBN978-0-85177-244-8.
^Kemp, Paul J. (1990). British Submarines of World War One. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 8.
ISBN9781854090102.
^National Park Service.
"History & Culture". Capulin Volcano. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^Bordman, Gerald (1995). American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914-1930. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
47.
ISBN978-0-19-509078-9.
^Hischak, Thomas S. (2009). Broadway Plays and Musicals: Descriptions and Essential Facts of More Than 14,000 Shows through 2007. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 77.
ISBN978-0-7864-3448-0.
^Chesneau, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Page 230
^"Jasta 3". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
^Badsey, S. (1983). "Battle of the Somme: British War-Propaganda". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 3 (2): 99.
doi:
10.1080/01439688300260081.
ISSN0143-9685.
^"Hurricane Strikes Jamaica". The Wilmington Morning Star. Vol. 98, no. 147. Wilmington, North Carolina. August 16, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2014 – via
Newspapers.com.
^Burt, R. A. (1986). British Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 306.
ISBN978-0-87021-863-7.
^"USS Davis (DD-65)". Destroyers.com. The National Association of Destroyer Veterans. Archived from
the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
^"Club History". Atlas FC. Atlac FC. Archived from
the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
^Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: a complete and connected narrative of the Rising, with detailed accounts of the fighting at all points in Dublin and in the country.
^Sutter, Paul (2002). Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 104.
ISBN978-0-295-98219-9.
^"Jasta 4". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
^"Jasta 6". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition – Talks of surrender broke down between the Anglo-Egyptian force commanded by
Philip James Vandeleur Kelly and
SultanAli Dinar of the
Sultanate of Darfur, leader of a rebellion against British colonial rule in what is now
Sudan. Dinar had barricaded his force in the mountains outside the regional capital of
El Fasher since abandoning it in May. Dinar's force of 2,000 men began to dwindle down to half as men deserted him.[3]
The first edition of the Kentucky Thoroughbred Horse Association Bulletin news magazine was published for local horse breeders in
Lexington, Kentucky. The magazine grew in popularity with horse breeders across the
United States and was renamed The Blood-Horse in 1929.[9]
Battle of Romani – British reinforcements launched a front attack on German-Ottoman forces at Wellington Ridge and a rearguard action at Katia that overturned the enemy's assault on the
Sinai Peninsula.[22][23]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – The Italian army launched its sixth offensive against Austria-Hungary in northern
Italy with the
Battle of Doberdò, the bloodiest single battle on the Italian front. Some 20,000 soldiers from both sides were killed or missing before the Italians were able to push Austro-Hungarian forces out of the
Doberdò del Lago commune.[26]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a counter-assault on the captured O.G. Lines while the Australian forces were rotating units. [24]
Battle of Romani – British forces continue to advance on the town of Oghratina as they pursued the retreating German-Ottoman force on the
Sinai Peninsula.[27][28]
French
flying ace Captain
René Fonck gained his first confirmed victory, eventually becoming the highest-scoring
Allied and second-highest-scoring ace overall of
World War I.[29]
Battle of Pozières – German forces launched a final counterattack to recapture their lost trench network. As Germans overran the trench system and began to take prisoners, Australian officer
LieutenantAlbert Jacka, a veteran of the
Gallipoli campaign, led seven soldiers to resist in heavy hand-to-hand combat that repelled the attack, capturing 50 Germans in the process.[31] He was subsequently award the
Military Cross for his actions, although many eyewitnesses insisted he should have won a second
Victoria Cross.[32]
German submarine
SM UB-44 disappeared after departing from port for the
Dardanelles although naval historians speculate she was sunk by a patrol boat.[40]
Died:Lily Braun, German feminist writer, advocate for economic freedom and abolition of legal marriage for women in Germany (b.
1865);
Torakusu Yamaha, Japanese business executive, founder of the
Yamaha Corporation (b.
1851)
Battle of Bitlis – Russian and Armenian forces captured the Turkish provincial of
Bitlis and the surrounding region in eastern
Turkey.[44]
Battle of Bir el Abd – Ottoman forces repelled the
ANZAC Mounted Division at Bir el Abd on the
Sinai Peninsula that slowed the British pursuit of retreating German and Ottoman forces. The joint Australian-New Zealand unit lost 300 casualties.[45]
An Austro-Hungarian aircraft sank British
submarineHMS B-10 in the
Adriatic Sea, the first time aircraft succeeded in sinking such a vessel.[46][47]
The crime drama Cheating Cheaters by
Max Marcin — a melodrama about two groups of jewel thieves posing as wealthy families to rob the other — premiered on
Broadway and would run for 286 performances.[51][52]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 2 and 3 were established as the second and third dedicated fighting squadrons for the Imperial German Flying Corps.[54][55][better source needed]
The official British documentary propaganda film The Battle of the Somme premièred in
London. In the first six weeks of general release, 20 million people viewed it.[56]
Died:Addie L. Ballou, American poet activist, leading advocate for women's suffrage,
temperance and prison reform, author of poetry collections Driftwood and The Padre’s Dream and Other Poems (b.
1838);
Charles Dawson, British amateur archaeologist, charged with fraud on several archaeological discoveries including the
Piltdown Man (b.
1864);
John J. Loud, American entrepreneur, designer of the
ballpoint pen (b.
1844)
Attacks on High Wood – British forces were equipped with flamethrowers and explosive-laden pipes to flush German defenses out of a wood near
Bazentin,
France.[58]
The
Rosecrance Memorial Home opened as boy orphanage in
New Milford, Illinois. The organization has since expanded to provide treatment facilities for adolescents and adults.[60]
Battle of Romani – A planned attack on Bir el Abd was cancelled as supply and communications for the
ANZAC forces were stretched to the limit on the
Sinai Peninsula, ending the British pursuit of the remaining German-Ottoman forces to
Arish. The action formally ended any further military action in the region and cemented the
Allies' hold on the
Suez Canal.[61] In all, British casualties for the battle ranged from 1,200 to 1,300, while Ottoman-German casualties were estimated at 9,000.[62]
The "Gibraltar" bunker near
Pozières,
France, in late August. A fatigue party laden with
sandbags heads for the fighting at
Mouquet Farm.
Battle of Pozières –
Germany called off any further attacks to retake the village of
Pozières,
France, from Australian forces. In all, the Australians forces sustained around 23,000 casualties.[64][65]
1916 Texas hurricane — The tropical storm intensified into a hurricane while south of
Hispaniola and made landfall at
Kingston, Jamaica, killing two people and causing extensive damage in the capital city as well as to banana plantations in the surrounding area.[68][69]
British submarines
HMS E4 and
HMS E41 collided into one another in the
North Sea, killed a total 47 crew from both vessels while another 15 survived.[70]
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – Italian General
Luigi Cadorna called off the offensive after advancing five kilometers into Austro-Hungarian territory. The Italians sustained 51,000 casualties while Austro-Hungarian forces had 40,000.[77]
British poet
F. W. Harvey was captured by the Germans and spent the rest of the war circulated between seven
prisoner of war camps. Much of it would be spent in solitary confinement which allowed Harvey time to write a wealth of poetry and memoirs that were published in the post-war period.[79]
1916 Texas hurricane — The hurricane made landfall at
Baffin Bay,
Texas, with maximum wind speeds at 135 mph (215 km/h) and bringing an estimated 1.58 inches (25.4 mm) of rain.[57] The storm left $1.6 million (1916 USD) in damages in Texas and 24 people dead in total.[85]
The British and German navies
clashed in the
North Sea in an attempt to regain sea advantage after the losses at the
Battle of Jutland in June. A total of 18 German battleships, supported by submarines and Zeppelins, fought 29 Royal Navy battleships and supporting naval vessels. German submarines sank British
light cruisersHMS Nottingham and
HMS Falmouth while a British sub damaged German battleship
SMS Westfalen. Despite the loss of ships, casualties were light as crews had time to abandon ship and reach new vessels.[87]
The Irish Times in
Dublin issued a 264-page handbook detailing the events of the
Easter Rising with a second edition published at the end of the year.[88]
Battle of Delville Wood – The Germans inflicted nearly 200 casualties on a British direct assault in the wood, but a midnight attack allowed them to capture the road to
Flers,
France, along with over 200 German prisoners and a dozen machine guns.[91]
German submarine
SM UC-10 was torpedoed and sunk by British submarine
HMS E54 with the loss of all 18 of her crew.[92]
Battle of Delville Wood – The British captured the north end of a key front line German trench but wet weather prevented further attacks for about a week.[93]
The German air squadron Jagdstaffel 1 was established as the third dedicated fighting squadron for the Imperial German Flying Corps (despite having first top numerical order), with fighter pilot
Kurt Wintgens as its first war ace.[95][better source needed]
Battle of Mlali – British colonial forces under General
Jan Smuts attempted to draw out the opposing German side to fight their superior numbers near
Mlali in what is now
Tanzania, but failed in their attempts. As no ground was yielded, the British considered the battle a victory. During the fighting, cavalry officer Captain
William Bloomfield was awarded a
Victoria Cross for rescuing a wounded comrade at considerable risk for his own safety.[97]
Attacks on High Wood — Three British battalions attacked German machine defenses in the wood.[98]
Thirteen German naval airships under command by
Peter Strasser attacked
England. British antiaircraft fire damaged several airships and most of their bombs miss their targets widely, but L 31 under command of Heinrich Mathy bombed southeast London, inflicting
£130,000 in damage, including damage to a power station at
Deptford, and killing nine and injuring 40 civilians.[100]
The German air squadrons Jagdstaffel 4 and 6 were established in the Imperial German Flying Corps, and would become two of its top squadrons in terms of air battle successes for
World War I.[106][107][better source needed]
Battle of Delville Wood – After a week delay due to rain, the British attacked and captured the rest of the front line German trench held since August 21.[108]
Battle of Delville Wood – British efforts to capitalize on success with capturing the front line German trench were slowed by hardened enemy defenses.[108]
A military flying school known as Ham Common was established, eventually becoming
Richmond, the oldest and largest airbase for the
Royal Australian Air Force.[117]
Battle of Transylvania – The Romanian Army captured several more villages in
Transylvania and set themselves up completing the first objective of the offensive.[116]
^Doughty, R. A. (2005). Pyrrhic Victory: French Strategy and Operations in the Great War. Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University. p. 299.
ISBN978-0-67401-880-8.
^McMeekin, Sean. The Berlin-Baghdad Express: the Ottoman Empire and Germany's bid for world power. p. 243.
^MacMunn, Sir George Fletcher; Falls, Cyril (1928). Military Operations, Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London:
H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 147–153.
OCLC817051831.
^Whitley, M. J. (1998). Battleships of World War II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 157–58.
ISBN978-1-55750-184-4.
^Layman, R.D., Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989,
ISBN0-87021-210-9, p. 50.
^Durkota, Allen; Darcey, Thomas; Kulikov, Victor (1995). The Imperial Russian Air Service: Famous Pilots and Aircraft and World War I. Flying Machines Press. p. 177.
ISBN978-0963711021.
^Architect of the Capitol.
"Apotheosis of Democracy". Capitol Campus. Architect of the Capitol. Archived from
the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 15 Feb 2011.
^Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine: From the Outbreak of War With Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 186–187.
OCLC610273484.
^Powles, C. Guy; A. Wilkie (1922). The New Zealanders in Sinai and Palestine. Official History New Zealand's Effort in the Great War, Volume III. Auckland: Whitcombe & Tombs. pp. 29–31.
OCLC2959465.
^Miles, W. (1992) [1938]. Military Operations France and Belgium, 1916: 2nd July 1916 to the End of the Battles of the Somme. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. II (Imperial War Museum & Battery Press ed.). London: Macmillan. pp. 185–186.
ISBN978-0-901627-76-6.
^Lukachich, Géza (1918). A Doberdó védelme az első isonzói csatában. [The defense of the Doberdó in the first battle of Isonzó]. Budapest: Atheaneum. p. 89.
^Kevin J. Fewster (1983).
"Jacka, Albert (1893–1932)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Melbourne University Press. pp. 442–453.
Archived from the original on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
^Moore, A. Briscoe (1920). The Mounted Riflemen in Sinai & Palestine: The Story of New Zealand's Crusaders. Christchurch: Whitcombe & Tombs. p. 32.
OCLC561949575.
^Messimer, Dwight R. (2002). Verschollen: World War I U-boat losses. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. p. 165.
ISBN978-1-55750-475-3.
OCLC231973419.
^Gullett, Henry Somer (1923). The Australian Imperial Force in Sinai and Palestine, 1914–1918. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918. Vol. VII. Sydney: Angus and Robertson. pp. 176–186.
OCLC59863829.
^Wilson, Michael (1981). "The British 'B' Class Submarine". In Roberts, John (ed.). Warship Volume V. London: Conway Maritime Press. p. 79.
ISBN978-0-85177-244-8.
^Kemp, Paul J. (1990). British Submarines of World War One. London: Arms and Armour Press. p. 8.
ISBN9781854090102.
^National Park Service.
"History & Culture". Capulin Volcano. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
^Bordman, Gerald (1995). American Theatre: A Chronicle of Comedy and Drama, 1914-1930. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
47.
ISBN978-0-19-509078-9.
^Hischak, Thomas S. (2009). Broadway Plays and Musicals: Descriptions and Essential Facts of More Than 14,000 Shows through 2007. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. 77.
ISBN978-0-7864-3448-0.
^Chesneau, Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Page 230
^"Jasta 3". The Aerodrome. 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
^Badsey, S. (1983). "Battle of the Somme: British War-Propaganda". Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television. 3 (2): 99.
doi:
10.1080/01439688300260081.
ISSN0143-9685.
^"Hurricane Strikes Jamaica". The Wilmington Morning Star. Vol. 98, no. 147. Wilmington, North Carolina. August 16, 1916. p. 1. Retrieved August 20, 2014 – via
Newspapers.com.
^Burt, R. A. (1986). British Battleships of World War One. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 306.
ISBN978-0-87021-863-7.
^"USS Davis (DD-65)". Destroyers.com. The National Association of Destroyer Veterans. Archived from
the original on 17 May 2011. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
^"Club History". Atlas FC. Atlac FC. Archived from
the original on 13 August 2018. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
^Sinn Fein Rebellion Handbook, Easter, 1916: a complete and connected narrative of the Rising, with detailed accounts of the fighting at all points in Dublin and in the country.
^Sutter, Paul (2002). Driven Wild: How the Fight against Automobiles Launched the Modern Wilderness Movement. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p. 104.
ISBN978-0-295-98219-9.
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