Suffering progressive damage due to a series of crashes in bad visibility and poor weather, the
Imperial German NavyZeppelinL 36 crashed onto the
Aller river and was destroyed by high winds.[31]
German forces on the
Western Front commenced
Operation Alberich, an organized retreat and consolidation of army units scheduled over 35 days behind the
Hindenburg Line. The planned defensive line was 40–45 kilometres (25–28 mi) shorter and could be defended more effectively, freeing up 13 fewer divisions for action in the
Eastern Front.[37]
British cargo ship
Mantola sank after being torpedoed the previous day in the
Atlantic Ocean by German submarine
U-81. Seven crew were killed while abandoning ship while the survivors were rescued by
Royal NavysloopHMS Laburnum.[38]
A German raid on British forces involved in
operations in Ancre Valley, inflicting 382 British casualties. German casualties were reported as heavy with 210 prisoners taken.[40]
Royal Navy armed merchant ship
HMS Farnborough was torpedoed and damaged in the
Atlantic Ocean south of
Ireland by German submarine
SM U-83. However, she was able to return fire and succeeded in sinking the
U-boat, killing 35 of her crew and capturing two survivors. She was towed and beached at
Berehaven,
Ireland where she was repaired and returned to service.[62]
British passenger ship Berrima was damaged either by striking a mine or being torpedoed in the
English Channel, with the loss of four lives. Her crew were rescued by
Royal NavydestroyerHMS Forester and the ship was towed to
England where she was repaired and returned to service.[67]
A British force pursuing retreating Ottoman forces from
Kut in
Mesopotamia halted their advance at the village of
Aziziyeh (now in
Iran). After resupplying over three days, the force continued on to
Baghdad.[96]
Zimmermann Telegram – The U.S. government released the English text of the telegram outlining German plans to start a war between
Mexico and the
United States to the public.[100]
^Falls, C. (1992) [1940]. Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
HMSO. pp. 70–72.
ISBN978-0-89839-180-0.
^Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN0-14-102715-0.
^Macmunn, G; Falls, C. (1996) [1928 HMSO]. Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Vol. I. Nashville, TN: Battery Press. p. 142.
ISBN0-89839-241-1.
^"Housatonic". Uboat.net. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^Kaye Whiteman (ed.), West Africa Over 75 Years: Selections from the Raw Material of History, London: West Africa Publishing, 1993; p. viii.
^Amara, Michaël; Roland, Hubert, eds. (2004). Gouverner en Belgique occupée. Comparatisme et Société 1. Brussels: College of Europe. pp. 24–25.
ISBN978-90-5201-238-4.
^"Constituent Congress and Constitution of 1917". Centennial of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico (in Spanish). Committee for the Commemoration of the Centennial of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^Cyrulik, John M. (2003). A Strategic Examination of the Punitive Expedition Into Mexico, 1916–1917, US Army Command and General Staff College, pp. 67-68
^Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 277.
OCLC610273484.
^Engstrom, Eric J., Wolfgang Burgmair, and Matthias M. Weber. "Psychiatric Governance, Völkisch Corporatism, and the German Research Institute of Psychiatry in Munich (1912–26)." History of Psychiatry 27, no. 1/2 (2016): 38-50, 137-52.
^Engstrom, Eric J et al. "Psychiatrie und Politik im Dienste des deutschen Volkes." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München II, 1914-1921, ed. Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom and Matthias M. Weber, 17-82. Munich: Belleville, 2009.
^Engstrom, Eric J. et al. "Wissenschaftsorganisation als Vermächtnis." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München, Teil III: 1921-1926, edited by Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom, and Matthias Weber, 17-71. Munich: belleville, 2013.
^Egleston, Charles, ed. (2004). Dictionary of Literary Biography: The House of Boni & Liveright, 1917–1933: A Documentary Volume. Gale. p. 5.
ISBN0-7876-6825-7.
^Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft Since 1912: Sixth Revised Edition, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991,
ISBN0-557-50-076-1, p. 119
^West, Nigel (1990). The Sigint Secrets: The Signals Intelligence War, 1990 to Today-Including the Persecution of Gordon Welchman. New York: Quill. pp. 87–92.
ISBN0-688-09515-1.
^McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman, pp. 30-31.
ISBN087008125X
^Falls, Cyril; MacMunn, G. (1930). "Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the outbreak of war with Germany to June 1917". Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. 1. London: HM Stationery Office: 273.
OCLC610273484.
^Middleton, William D. (2001). When the Steam Railroads Electrified (2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 230.
ISBN978-0-253-33979-9.
^"French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
^Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of WWI. Grub Street. p. 125.
ISBN978-1-898697-56-5.
Suffering progressive damage due to a series of crashes in bad visibility and poor weather, the
Imperial German NavyZeppelinL 36 crashed onto the
Aller river and was destroyed by high winds.[31]
German forces on the
Western Front commenced
Operation Alberich, an organized retreat and consolidation of army units scheduled over 35 days behind the
Hindenburg Line. The planned defensive line was 40–45 kilometres (25–28 mi) shorter and could be defended more effectively, freeing up 13 fewer divisions for action in the
Eastern Front.[37]
British cargo ship
Mantola sank after being torpedoed the previous day in the
Atlantic Ocean by German submarine
U-81. Seven crew were killed while abandoning ship while the survivors were rescued by
Royal NavysloopHMS Laburnum.[38]
A German raid on British forces involved in
operations in Ancre Valley, inflicting 382 British casualties. German casualties were reported as heavy with 210 prisoners taken.[40]
Royal Navy armed merchant ship
HMS Farnborough was torpedoed and damaged in the
Atlantic Ocean south of
Ireland by German submarine
SM U-83. However, she was able to return fire and succeeded in sinking the
U-boat, killing 35 of her crew and capturing two survivors. She was towed and beached at
Berehaven,
Ireland where she was repaired and returned to service.[62]
British passenger ship Berrima was damaged either by striking a mine or being torpedoed in the
English Channel, with the loss of four lives. Her crew were rescued by
Royal NavydestroyerHMS Forester and the ship was towed to
England where she was repaired and returned to service.[67]
A British force pursuing retreating Ottoman forces from
Kut in
Mesopotamia halted their advance at the village of
Aziziyeh (now in
Iran). After resupplying over three days, the force continued on to
Baghdad.[96]
Zimmermann Telegram – The U.S. government released the English text of the telegram outlining German plans to start a war between
Mexico and the
United States to the public.[100]
^Falls, C. (1992) [1940]. Military Operations France and Belgium 1917: The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battles of Arras. History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. I (Imperial War Museum and Battery Press ed.). London:
HMSO. pp. 70–72.
ISBN978-0-89839-180-0.
^Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN0-14-102715-0.
^Macmunn, G; Falls, C. (1996) [1928 HMSO]. Military Operations: Egypt and Palestine, From the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Vol. I. Nashville, TN: Battery Press. p. 142.
ISBN0-89839-241-1.
^"Housatonic". Uboat.net. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^Kaye Whiteman (ed.), West Africa Over 75 Years: Selections from the Raw Material of History, London: West Africa Publishing, 1993; p. viii.
^Amara, Michaël; Roland, Hubert, eds. (2004). Gouverner en Belgique occupée. Comparatisme et Société 1. Brussels: College of Europe. pp. 24–25.
ISBN978-90-5201-238-4.
^"Constituent Congress and Constitution of 1917". Centennial of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico (in Spanish). Committee for the Commemoration of the Centennial of the Political Constitution of the United States of Mexico. Retrieved 4 March 2017.
^Cyrulik, John M. (2003). A Strategic Examination of the Punitive Expedition Into Mexico, 1916–1917, US Army Command and General Staff College, pp. 67-68
^Falls, Cyril; G. MacMunn (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the Outbreak of War with Germany to June 1917. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 1. London: HM Stationery Office. p. 277.
OCLC610273484.
^Engstrom, Eric J., Wolfgang Burgmair, and Matthias M. Weber. "Psychiatric Governance, Völkisch Corporatism, and the German Research Institute of Psychiatry in Munich (1912–26)." History of Psychiatry 27, no. 1/2 (2016): 38-50, 137-52.
^Engstrom, Eric J et al. "Psychiatrie und Politik im Dienste des deutschen Volkes." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München II, 1914-1921, ed. Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom and Matthias M. Weber, 17-82. Munich: Belleville, 2009.
^Engstrom, Eric J. et al. "Wissenschaftsorganisation als Vermächtnis." In Emil Kraepelin: Kraepelin in München, Teil III: 1921-1926, edited by Wolfgang Burgmair, Eric J. Engstrom, and Matthias Weber, 17-71. Munich: belleville, 2013.
^Egleston, Charles, ed. (2004). Dictionary of Literary Biography: The House of Boni & Liveright, 1917–1933: A Documentary Volume. Gale. p. 5.
ISBN0-7876-6825-7.
^Thetford, Owen, British Naval Aircraft Since 1912: Sixth Revised Edition, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991,
ISBN0-557-50-076-1, p. 119
^West, Nigel (1990). The Sigint Secrets: The Signals Intelligence War, 1990 to Today-Including the Persecution of Gordon Welchman. New York: Quill. pp. 87–92.
ISBN0-688-09515-1.
^McIlvaine, E., Sherby, L.S. and Heineman, J.H. (1990) P.G. Wodehouse: A comprehensive bibliography and checklist. New York: James H. Heineman, pp. 30-31.
ISBN087008125X
^Falls, Cyril; MacMunn, G. (1930). "Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from the outbreak of war with Germany to June 1917". Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. 1. London: HM Stationery Office: 273.
OCLC610273484.
^Middleton, William D. (2001). When the Steam Railroads Electrified (2nd ed.). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. p. 230.
ISBN978-0-253-33979-9.
^"French Navy". Naval History. Retrieved 21 February 2013.
^Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell; Alegi, Gregory (1997). Above the War Fronts: The British Two-seater Bomber Pilot and Observer Aces, the British Two-seater Fighter Observer Aces, and the Belgian, Italian, Austro-Hungarian and Russian Fighter Aces, 1914–1918: Volume 4 of Fighting Airmen of WWI Series: Volume 4 of Air Aces of WWI. Grub Street. p. 125.
ISBN978-1-898697-56-5.