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Thanks for your contributions to Mali Empire and Songhai Empire. As you've probably noticed, Africa is sadly underrepresented on Wikipedia. If you're interested in continuing to work on these topics, I recommend checking out Wikiproject: Countering systemic bias and Wikipedia:Wikiportal/Africa; there's also an Africa Collaboration of the Week that you can help out with if you like. But most of all, have fun, and happy editing! -- Dvyost 14:05, 22 August 2005 (UTC) reply

Mistakenly put this message on your user page instead of user:Talk. My apologies! -- Dvyost 14:07, 22 August 2005 (UTC) reply

Hey 4shizzal,

Glad to see you're keeping up the fine expansions--the list of rulers is particularly appreciated! I wanted to let you know that I've (at least temporarily) moved the article back to Ghana Empire pending further discussion. You make a good case for Wagadou Empire as a more accurate name (and that material is a great addition to the article), but it's important that we keep our articles in line with the way each subject is most commonly referred to in English; there's more detail about this on the article talk page now if you're interested. And if you do move a page, don't forget to move the links to it, too! This is time-consuming, but important to avoid double redirects and to keep Wikipedia as user-friendly as possible. Anyway, don't let the technical side get you down--you're doing some great stuff here! All the best, -- Dvyost 17:17, 28 September 2005 (UTC) reply

Replied at my talk page. -- Ezeu 18:14, 27 June 2006 (UTC) reply

It is written like english-- Halaqah 23:04, 4 December 2006 (UTC) reply

I see what ur doing, good stuff, funny i have been working on Sonni Ali Ber et al, working my way to all the African historical topics. Check out sankore.org they translate all kinds of stuff. I added a scholar named Muhammed Shareef they delete it, I added African Code they want to delete it. I reference www.africanholocaust.net they make accusations. yes it is eurocentric democracy. If i site Henry Gates or one of their people, or one of their sites its okay, but to site a African controlled site must obviously mean i have an AGENDA--Off course i do, my agenda is the progession of true freedom and plurality, then end of racism, and African self-determination, hence i am intrested in websites we own and control. I make sure credit is given to our greats now and then in African history not the greats they select for us. -- Halaqah 03:19, 5 December 2006 (UTC) reply

hi khello. im here to ask you what part(s) of the kouroukan fouga article need to be cited or verified to bring this piece up to snuff. i saw one source that was added (not by me) that seemed to have nothing to do with the article. your help in fixing this article will be appreciated. thanks in advance Scott Free 15:38, 2 January 2007 (UTC) reply

Hi Scott Free,

I just came to this article as part of the wikify project (but found the topic very interesting by the way!). My only concern with the references was that there were non within the body of the article. Also, for an article about such a historical document I would have thought there would be some more academic journal/book references to use that'll really improve the article even further (to be honest i think the article is pretty informative as it is- I added the [[Category: Mali Empire]] to give more of a context to it). I also think a few "See also" links would really put the article into context. If you want help with that stuff I'd be more than happy to do so, but at the moment I don't really have access to a library so can't really help with the sourcing side. Regards -- khello 16:41, 2 January 2007 (UTC) reply

I agree. I know of one source via UNESCO (that's how I found out about it originally). I will go through and site that one by the end of the week. thnx 4 the quick feedback. Scott Free 17:03, 2 January 2007 (UTC) reply

No worries- you just happened to catch me when I woke up! I'd be happy to help out with the article if you need it -- khello 17:10, 2 January 2007 (UTC) reply

Thank you for contributing to Wikipedia, 4shizzal! However, your edit here was reverted by an automated bot that attempts to remove spam from Wikipedia. If you were trying to insert a good link, please accept my creator's apologies, but please note that the link you added in is on my spam blacklist and should not be included in Wikipedia. Please read Wikipedia's external links policy for more information. If the link was to an Imageshack or Photobucket image, please read Wikipedia's image tutorial on how to use a more appropriate method to insert the image into an article. If your link was genuine spam, please note that inserting spam into Wikipedia is against policy. For more information about me, see my FAQ page. Thanks! Shadowbot 19:57, 25 January 2007 (UTC) reply

Wow! You look like an expert on the topic. I came to make more comments (probably as questions) based on your response at Talk:Atlantic slave trade. Are all African Americans assumed to be descended from slaves? How valid is that assumption? Is it possible for people (or even their descendants) to ever stop being "African Americans" and just become "Americans? I notice that Barack Obama is an African American, but his father was Kenyan, so I guess that answers my second question. Is he noticed to be different from slave-descended African Americans? I apologise if these questions are offensive—they are not meant to be—although they may be naive. Living in Australia, I don't come across many Americans, African or otherwise, although I have visited the USA. Thanks. -- Scott Davis ^Talk 10:35, 11 February 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey, I've seen alot of your work on the history of precolonial west africa- and africa in general- and I've been looking for the longest time for clear, concise and thorough information and history on them. Do you know of any books that contain decent information? Or what of the articles and studies used as references on their pages? Is there a way to access these and others without the use of journal subscriptions? (if that's even legal)

Even historical books on Amazon.com are scarce, many of them extremely expensive.

The sources

Hi and thnx for hittin me up. Here are some of my favorite sources. You're right; these books do get quite expensive, but I figure I owe it to my ancestors.

Books numbered 1-2 are indespensible sources for Pre-colonial African history. Books numbered 3-5 give you all the detail u ever wanted to know about the slave trade. Books numbered 6-7 have details and illustrations for African warfare; very useful Books numbered 8-9 are good on filling out the details on the respective states.

1. "Peoples and Empires of West Africa: West Africa in History 1000-1800"

   by G.T. Stride & C. Ifeka
   (Nelson, 1986)

2. "Introduction To African Civilizations"

    by John G. Jackson
    (Citadel, 2001)

3. "Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links"

   by Gwendolyn Midlo Hall
    (University of North Carolina Press, 2005)

4. "Exchanging Our Country Marks"

   by Michael A. Gomez
    (University of North Carolina Press, 1998)

5. "Africa and Africans in the Formation of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680"

    by John K. Thornton
    (Cambridge University Press, 1998)

6. "Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500-1800"

    by John K. Thornton
    (Taylor and Francis, 2005)

7. "African Arms and Armour"

    by Christopher Spring
     (British Museum Press, 1993)

8. "Amazons of Black Sparta: The Women Warriors of Dahomey"

    by Stanley B. Alpern
     (Hurst & Co Ltd, 2001)

9. "Fall of the Asante Empire: The Hundred Year War for Africa's Gold Coast "

    by Robert. B. Edgerton
     (Free Press, 1995)

Hope this has been helpful. And make sure to sign your comments next time.

Yes, thanks for that, and exscuse the various warnings on my userpage- everybody vandalizes at one point. :P

I'll register if we discuss anything more next time, and by the way, what of the sources listed in the Reference sections on these pages?

Ah! Sorry I haven't gotten back to you in awhile, but it's simple- when I ask for "References", I'm reffering to the various journal articles, books, etc. listed in the references section of the articles on precolonial africa, specifically west africa, again. How can I get access to them?

Hi. Yes, feel free to turn Manden Charter into a redirect and integrate all or part of it into Kouroukan Fouga. I'm no specialist of Africa; my area of research is the Pacific. I created that page because it exists in the French Wikipedia and seemed to be lacking in the English one. Good work, by the way! Aridd 23:16, 23 February 2007 (UTC) reply

You have been invited to join the WikiProject Africa, a collaborative effort focused on improving Wikipedia's coverage of Africa. If you'd like to join, just add your name to the member list. Thanks for reading!

Belovedfreak 12:10, 4 March 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey, I was the one who asked of the sources before, but I had a question- are these quotes true?

http://www.jtf.org/ -Scroll down abit to "The Truth of Black Africa"- a series of sick, racist trash articles by a known jewish terrorist outlet denigrating african history. But I wish to ask of these quotes, and of what you think about the trash this site pumps out:

"The houses of Timbuktu are huts made of clay-covered wattle with thatched roofs. In the center of the city is a temple of stone and mortar, built by an architect named Granata. [Granata was an Arab Muslim whose services were obviously required despite the "learning" of Timbuktu's Negro inhabitants.]

The city is very much endangered by fire: during my second visit, half of the buildings burned in five hours thanks to a violent desert wind.

The king [the Tuareg ruler of Timbuktu] is a declared enemy of the Jews. He forbids any to live in the city. If he hears of a Berber merchant doing business with them, the merchant's goods are confiscated. [Webster defines the Berber as a "Caucasoid people of northern Africa living west of Tripoli."]

The judges, teachers and priests are appointed by the king. He honors learning greatly. [Except Jewish learning!] Many manuscripts are imported from Barbary [the land of the Berber] and sold in the markets at an exceedingly handsome profit.

The king makes war on those who do not pay him tribute. When he wins a victory, he has all of his enemies - even the children - sold in the Timbuktu market. The people of the city have many slaves."

These all come from the works of Leo Africanus. I honestly find it, well, hard to believe that the whole of the city would burn like that, and were the minarets really that unstable? Who was Granata? Did the Mansa really engage in such intensive levels of slavery? And what was the quality of the Minarets before modern times? What was the use of the importation of so many manuscripts from the Barbary coast?

Of course the scumbag who wrote this fails to mention that Berbers are a heavily mixed people with africans, many of them having only minor levels of "white" ancestry- this being true eve before contact with the Malinese.

Happy to be of help! I'm actually going thru all sorts of different unassessed WikiProject articles. Once I got the hang of it for WP:NRHP, I couldn't stop myself. :)

I know one of the things is one inline citation per paragraph, roughly, which you've got. I would convert all the links in the body of the article into inline citations, to make it more consistent. If you have a decent word processor (WordPerfect or Word or somesuch), copy the article text into it and run spell/grammar check. With an article that big, it's easy to miss minor misspells and that sort of thing.

I'm gonna show you a trick I learned on the references. I'll do a few, and let you do the rest. It'll help condense the references. Gimme a few minutes.

Any more help needed, don't be afraid to ask. We all started knowing not much; goodness knows I did. Later! -- Ebyabe 20:33, 17 March 2007 (UTC) reply

Got carried away, but you see what I mean. Btw, I'm not sure how much it'll affect going GA, but I'd reduce the number of redlinks as much as possible in the article. I know, there's a lot. Either create stubs, or delink them, or a mix of both. Sometimes it's easy to go overboard with the wikilinking, doncha know. Anyway, hope that helps. Now on to assess more articles! :) -- Ebyabe 20:49, 17 March 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey, I again had some questions about Mali, this time involving Sankore.

The articles and pages on the Manuscripts Project are unclear on a number of topics. First off, are the manuscripts being examined indigenous to Mali or of external origin? How many were written by students, overall? How many were written by scholars? Where did the students generally come from? Where did the scholars come from as well?

In fact, I think this should be a focus of the Timbuktu Manuscripts and Sankore University articles, to clarify all these. But back on topic, what was the overall topic coverage and makeup of these manuscripts? How many were thesis works by students? Where did the students go on to work after graduation? How many of these manuscripts were based upon external works? Were there independent works held by academics and such who did field work throughout Mali? Was there a sort of catalogue system in Mali that held tabs economic processes, demographics, etc.? Did any of the students and scholars go on to work outside of Mali? Is there anywhere else in Mali that held manuscripts and scholarly works? There's just so much lack of clarification surrounding these empires...

And did Songhai continue Mali's works of scholarship? Also, since the Manuscripts are being made public online, how does that work? Will there be a paid subscription? Will there be any books released on this?

Hello, do you happen to have some sort of instant messaging service? There's many questions I have regarding West African history, and you seem to be very knowledgeable- far more than anywhere else I've found.

happy to help in any way. i'm not on instant messengers that much. i do have one however (scottfree001 on yahoo) its best to reach me here or on my gmail account (scottfree001). by the way, what's your name? mine is scott.

Well, as of now, I can't really access yahoo messenger- I'd be able to communicate with you via email. However, I just have a quick question about Mali/Songhai- the main page says that it reigned over a population of 40-50 million with only 400 villages, towns, and cities combined.... does that mean they were heavily urbanized? And where does the figure for 40-50 million come from?

The 40 to 50 million number for the empire's population comes from a teaching site of the National Museum of African Art. You can click on the link below to check it out.

• http://africa.si.edu/exhibits/resources/mali/index.htm

The 400 villages, towns and cities fact comes from the records of Ibn Battuta whom visited the empire after Mansa Musa's reign. The quote can be found on the following site. I can email you Battuta's entire document if you have MS Word. It's very enlightening

• http://endingstereotypesforamerica.org/wealth_africa_and_europe.html

As far as being heavily urbanized, I guess you could make that claim. According to research done by David Wilkinson for the University of Cali in Los Angeles (Spatio-Temporal Boundaries of African Civilzations Reconsidered), the capital of Niani had a population of 50,000 people by itself. The link to that paper is below.

• http://www.etext.org/Politics/World.Systems/papers/wilkinson_david/spatio-temporal_boundaries_african_civilizations

The other major cities probably had populations in the same realm. A lot of the cities that were prominent in Mali during the imperial period still exist today. In contrast to the rest of the African continent and probably the world, the Mali Empire was heavily urbanized but not exactly heavily populated. Settlements were either densely populated or not populated at all. The south appeared to have the heaviest concentration of cities, but the wealthiest ones (outside of Niani) were in the north because of the trans-saharan trade routes. Hope that helped out. Glad to help on any further questions. Scott Free 17:30, 25 April 2007 (UTC) reply

Ah, thanks! There's just so many questions I've had about these empires for awhile. Though I must ask- why did he give such a low number of population centers when the size of the empire really doesn't reflect that? Where did the museum article get it's source anyway? Was there a population boom after Mansa? Do you have any info on the demographic changes of this region? What do you think the population of Mali was? Are there any full-scale estimates?

And why do you now say it wasn't heavily populated? To an extent, I've heard some conflicting sources on certain aspects of these empires, and I'm just really trying to confirm this. And what do you as well mean when you say "either densely populated or not at all"? How many population centers were in Mali anyway? Is there a list?

Anyway, on the topic of the Timbuktu Manuscripts, how many of those are original works? Because the main article mentioned that students were required to copy as many books as they could, but I think the ones carrying this project out would diffrentiate.

What happened to Songhai and the like's population after these empires fell in the 1,500's? Did they die off? Was there some sort of migration of refugees into the inland coast of West Africa?

BTW, why does the "Manden Charter" article say that the abolition of slavery was integral in Mali? They practiced loads of slavery, though it was anothe form of the indentured servitude of other west africans, and slaves were actually better off.

One last thing- I'm guessing that many people died off falling Songhai's fall, as attested to in that "ethnic stereotypes" link, but what became of the many population centers in Mali and Songhai? From what I gather, the majority of them were destroyed or swept away over the years, but are the towns here contemporary or remnants?: http://www.dogon-lobi.ch/architecturealbum.htm

answers

I answered your questions in a numerical order so to make sure i covered everything. here it goes!

Response

• 1. I'll send you the document as soon as I get home (I'm at work right now).
• 2. I think he was only taking the time to document the settlements he saw. He didn't see the entire empire.
• 3. I don't know where the museum got that figure, but I'm starting to doubt it myself.
• 4. There might have been a population boom after Mansa Musa, but there's no evidence to support that. All evidence seems to support the idea that Mansa Musa inherited Mali at its height and didn't actually bring it there himself. I bet the population probably jumped during the early 1300s because of the stability and growth in territory starting with Sakura in 1285.
• 5. No useful data on demographic changes in the region (West Africa). There are some facts I've just run across in a book (Africa: a short history; Robert O. Collins; Markus Wiener Publishers; 2006) which puts Africa's entire population at 47 million in 1500. This was after a period of growth. I doubt the book is that much off the mark, and I'm making preparations to edit the Mali Empire page as we speak since its population couldn't possibly be 50 million in 1350.
• 6. After further evaluation (thanks in large part to your inquiry), I estimate imperial Mali's population at around 15 million people from approximately 1290 to 1440. The average size of the cities was about 25,000 people. Major cities were around 40,000 people. Do the math (400 notable cities X 25,000) you get 10 million. Throw in the plethora of villages and desert settlements under Mali's control and you could make the jump to 15 or even 20 million.
• 7. No full scale estimates other than what i just make and the museum posted.
• 8. By heavily populated, I'm saying it was densely populated. Populations were found in clumps instead of evenly spread out.
• 9. In Mali you would have found either huge cities (20-50 thousand people) or very small towns (imagine villages or oasis settlements). This will become evident once you read the Battuta document.
• 10. There were around 400 major population centers in the empire in 1352 according to Battuta. I've compiled a list of some and will email them with the Battuta document.
• 11. I have no idea about the composition of the Timbuktu manuscripts. If you find out any info please let me know :)
• 12. Great question. This question shows the true difference between Songhai (a short lived power) and Mali (basically the black roman empire). Songhai's population was never that big. most of it came from conquered peoples. The actual songhai population lived along the river. When the moroccans showed up, many migrated east into Niger and founded the Dendi Kingdom. Mali's population is still in Manden and about eight other countries throughout West africa. They were true colonizers. They spread from Northern Guinea/Southern Mali into Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso. Senegal, Gambia, Guinea Bissau and Guinea were all part of the Mali Empire and are still populated by Manding speaking populations. When Mali broke up, rogue warriors conquered Sierra Leone and Liberia ( Manneh invasion). Mali's merchant class (Dyula) travelled into Burkina Faso and Cote d'Ivoire and established new states ( Kong Empire).

13. That page is screwed up. i've already talked with the author. We're merging it to my Kouroukan Fouga page. Slavery wasn't abolished in Mali. They simply upgraded the treatment of slaves to a kind of serfdom. They were still bought and sold, but you couldn't abuse them. 14. People died off cuz stability in the region was destroyed. Many migrated to more stable, peaceful regions. The Manding largely spread south and southwest. the Songhai were pushed east when the Moroccans came in around 1591. The only people who benefited in the long run were the anti-Muslim Bamana/Bambara populations (related to the Mandinka) who conquered much of the area during the chaos (think Goths coming in to put Rome out of its misery).

Hope that covered everything. I'm really enjoying this. Hit me up with any other questions. Scott Free 14:47, 26 April 2007 (UTC) reply

...Wow. That's great. I've been looking for this kind of info for so long, you have no idea how helpful this is, thanks! I'll have some more later.

I am making these comments here not on the Atlantic Slave Trade talk page, partly because I want to make what may be some more wide-ranging comments. My first reaction to what you had put on that page was that you were a new user getting carried away. As soon as I looked at your user page and some of the articles listed as linking from it, I realised that I was completely wrong, and that you must have been making a substantial contribution for a long time. I know little of Pre-colonial African History, and am thus not qualified to judge its quality, but it looks impressive.

My concern is a lack of linkages between the articles you list on your user page and otehr articles. I sampled History of Ghana, perhaps a poor example; I found an absence of anything to highlight the fact that there were major articles elsewhere. A good way of doing this is to insert a 'main' template at the top of a section. This has been done on a couple of sections of Atlantic Slave Trade and might usefully be done with Middle Passage. This creates a hierarchy of articles, going from the general to the particular. I would also like to see the material on your user page (with all the lists) appearing as an article, such as List of Pre-Colonial African States. Such lists are often better as categories, but I have not yet discovered how to create a category. I am reluctant even to think of attempting this, as it is a subject of which I know nothing, which means that I will make mistakes.

I agree witrh you that the Atlantic Slave Trade article is probably long enough. What you have put on its talk page cites what look like reputable sources, though I do not really know. An article based on what you have written there about the scale of the trade might well be useful, but it should probably be a satellite article, with a brief summary in the Atlantic Slave Trade article, referring to it using a 'main' template. I am somewhat sceptical as to how good early population statistics are. I know that the estimates for medieval England are based on comparatively thin evidence, in particular the question of how severe the population decline after the Black Death was. I suspect those for Africa are even less good, in view of the lack of written records. However, there is no reason for not writing an article such as African Demography based on the best information available.

My examination of what there is in WP on these subjects has been cursory, and I may be telling you what you already know or suggesting that you produce things that already exist. If so, please forgive me. I think what I am really asking for is more structure and better aids to navigation within WP. This may involve creating more categories and adding them to the articles. I note there is a category, African Empires, but perhaps there should be another for (other) African kingdoms. Another random check among the articles you list on your user page is Kuba Kingdom. I note this only has one category.

However all said, keep up the good work. If you need to reply to this, the best place is on my user talk page - click on my name and then #talk'. Peterkingiron 21:55, 28 April 2007 (UTC) I note the following categories exist: reply

• Former countries in Africa;
• Former monarchies of Africa;

I am not clear how these and one concerning Empires relate to each other - perhaps this is enough categories, but I still think converting the list on your user page into an article is worthwhile. Peterkingiron 22:17, 28 April 2007 (UTC) reply

Regret that I do not think I have the time to put in the missing links. Articles like History of Ghana could do with a little strengthening with a link to the kind of pre-colonial article that you have eben working on. I came to Atlantic Slave Trade as an aspect of British overseas trade, partly because there was some grossly overstated stuff in the article on the Industrial Revolution - based on older historical work that has been overtaken by more modern research. My interest is British economic and technological history, and I do not have the expertise to tackle African History. I have only been working on WP for a couple of years, having first found WP on the Internet when searching the Internet on a particular issue. The view expressed was based on WP:OR, though not necessarily the authors; it cited no references and some of the views expressed wwere actually contrary to what original documents (which it seemed to be derived from) actually indicate! It took some time to get rid of the trash. Peterkingiron 21:20, 29 April 2007 (UTC) reply

Hi Scott. I'm really sorry having to disagree on this, especially since I greatly admire the work you're doing fighting systemic bias and adequately covering pre-colonial African history; but I must admist I object strongly to the split of the Kanem-Bornu article, as I believe on the ground of my sources (I'm a big reader and editor of anything related to Chad, and have bought online many books covering the area and especially its history) that it makes no sense to divide the article, as there is a strong unity in Kanem-Bornu's history.-- Aldux 20:00, 29 April 2007 (UTC) reply

About readability, and having too much content, I'm not certainly I can fully agree: I mean, this article is 13K, which isn't so much in my view. You're obviously right when you speak of an epochal moment in Sayfawa history; while the first the center was Kanem, after it became Bornu, and the borders of the Kanem at its most and Bornu are partly different (My Historical dictionary of Chad puts K-B 1300 as covering north-east Nigeria, very little Niger, western and central Chad, and part of Fezzan, while in 1600 always north-east Nigeria (Borno ecc), more Niger (Damagaram), Kanem and northern Cameroon; as you see, the difference is not enormous, even if the degree of control of the various areas is certainly different). Maybe the split should be made clearer in the article, but I don't feel we need to create a new article, it should be enough to work on the old one. But the main reason I'm so skeptical with your solution is that scholars use this term, Kanem-Bornu, so commonly; maybe we should ask for a third opinion (for example by leaving a note at WP:AFRICA).-- Aldux 00:28, 30 April 2007 (UTC) reply

Hi again. Also you're point on the Roman and Byzantine Empire is quite a good one, as it has quite a surprising number of similarities (transfer of capital, the east as new territorial polarity of the empire), and actually, in old historigraphy, like Gibbon, they were treated all in one. That said, only to be fastidious ;-), actually the different ethnic makeup doesn't really exist: you see, the Kanembu are actually Kanuri, or more exactly a Kanuri subset (see the inobox on Kanuri language), and also the rulers all kept the mai title (except at the very end, that is). But I must agree that Bornu's control even on western Chad was always quite weak, differently from Kanem. That said, your probably right; I don't think the split will be too preposterous, as there are some good reasons behind it. If you fell we should proceed this way (i.e. split), I would just warmly recommend to use inline citations whenever you add content to the article/s in question, as this will make it easier to coordinate our efforts. Ciao,-- Aldux 13:22, 30 April 2007 (UTC) reply

PS: regarding how to see exactly how long an article is, go to the button history, and if you take Kanem-Bornu you will see as the last edit 20:16, 29 April 2007 4shizzal (Talk | contribs | block) (13,911 bytes). The "13,911 bytes" indicates the length of the article.-- Aldux 13:22, 30 April 2007 (UTC) reply

Hi. Now it's my occasion to excuse myself for not awnsering before ;-) Lets discuss your indications one per one:

• as for the first and the second, I agree
• as for the third, I'm not so sure: actually I was thinking of moving first Kanem-Bornu Empire over Kanem Empire (so that one of the two articles will conserve the full article history); and then to transform Kanem-Bornu Empire in a disambiguation page, pointing to both empires. Certainly, this will mean correcting a lot of links, but we would have to do it even with your suggestion.
• as for the fourth, I'm not sure we need a specific section; we can add specific info where needed, through the article. But I'm not sure what you mean exactly heare.

And just another thing: the article/s is/are an almost integral copy of T. Collelo's country study on Chad. Since the work is public domain, as a LOC edition, I took the current text from there, also because the history section on Chad was reliable.-- Aldux 00:58, 3 May 2007 (UTC) reply

First of all, I apologize for the confusion with the reverts, I didn't realize the IP address was yours. Can you explain the huge differences between Hall's and Lovejoy's numbers?

Second, feel free to use the table wherever you want, it's only a slightly improved version of one on the WP Help page, not really my own work. i will make the table next time I'm on WP if it isn't already done. Malc82 23:49, 1 May 2007 (UTC) reply

hi there. I saw you wrote quite a lot for Amanishakheto. That's nice, I always wanted to do that, but never found the time. However, please note that most researchers regard Amanishakheto and Amanirenas as two different queens and the military events described took place under Amanirenas, while Amanishabheto is mainly known for her wonderful jewellery. Best wishes -- Udimu 08:24, 15 May 2007 (UTC) reply

Hi 4shizzal, thanx for replying so quickly. If you just take all the information you wrote on Amanishakheto and copy it to (a new article) on Amanirenas; then everything should be more or less fine. BTW: a nice website on the subject is http://www.homestead.com/wysinger/chronology.html best wishes -- Udimu 14:49, 15 May 2007 (UTC) reply

This is Beepsie, who works mainly in Central Africa, but also some in the Diaspora. You mentioned your father's people were Mbundu, and since you mention African Ancestry I'm assuming this is a Y-chromosome reading that had an exact match with someone who is an Mbundu. You maybe saw the PBS Special "African American Lives" which I and my wife served on as consultants and then appeared on screen in the last episode with Skip Gates. We were also briefly on "Finding Ophrah's Roots". We're about to publish a book on the early period, pre 1660, of Mbundu and Kongo regions, Central African, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundations of America. You might find it useful when it appears in July.

Just wanted to let you know, the D`mt period goes from ca. 800 BC to the 5th/4th c. BC, when the proto-Aksumite period starts. The proto-Aksumite period ends ca. 1st c. BC, when the Aksumite period begins. The date of Aksum's shift to the Zagwe dynasty (which you forgot to include in the medieval list, btw, along with the Solomonic dynasty) isn't known yet, but it may actually be the 12th century, since Anbessa Widim, a king remembered by tradition to have been one of the last late Aksumite kings, is now attested to ca. 1125-1150 (we have a colophon in a Bible written by the Patriarch Abba Mika'el in 1150, which notes that Anbessa Widim was king when he was appointed in 1129), so the 937 date you have is much too precise and probably inaccurate. It's based on the assumption that Gudit's reign was the beginning of the Zagwe dynasty and the end of Aksum, which isn't necessarily the case. Anyway, happy editing. — ዮም | (Yom) | Talk • contribs • Ethiopia

Response

"hi, bruh. thnx for keepin an eye on the Mali Empire page. I think I'm gonna request protection on it. what was the dangerous edit rv, by the way?"

^^Yes, I suggest the same thing and the dangerous edit was some one switching the name "Mali Empire" to "Poop Empire", probably some kid.. - Taharqa

Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. I've noticed that you've been adding your signature to some of your article contributions. This is a simple mistake to make and by now should have been corrected. For future reference, the need to associate edits with users is taken care of by an article's edit history. Therefore, you should use your signature only when contributing to talkpages, the Village Pump, or other such discussion pages. For a better understanding of what distinguishes articles from these type of pages, please see What is an article?. Again, thanks for contributing, and enjoy your Wikipedia experience! Thank you. Russ (talk) 15:16, 31 May 2007 (UTC) reply

I noticed your comments at Anna Kinglsey. She was quite an impressive woman, if not a figure of idolization due to the whole slaveholding thing. You may be interested to know there's a terrific book on her that came out a few years ago; it was one of the main sources in writing the article, It's by Daniel Schafer; more details are listed at the bottom of the article. Cheers,-- Cúchullain ^t/ c 22:54, 19 June 2007 (UTC) reply

You wrote: "reverted cuz certain ppl got wild hairs up their a$$"

Bruh, what in the world are you talking about, did you even pay attention to what you reverted and do you have a reason? I'm the one who made those edits in which I reverted, I reverted myself! That was petty, the phrase "Population of hunters" wasn't added by me and the commas/grammar entries don't belong there, which is why I reverted myself since in an attempt to be helpful, I only screwed up the grammar. Again, I reverted myself, I removed nothing that was already there, please refrain from unwarranted personal attacks, I can deal with them if my intentions were actually bad or if I did something wrong(I don't trip off flaming). Maybe you owe me an apology, I don't know, you tried to make me look like a fool with that public comment and you were completely wrong, that was petty.. Taharqa 05:53, 11 July 2007 (UTC) reply

Response.. Whew, no wonder, that was so confusing and irritating, that was a real lack of communication and I apologize also for not being more clear. Not that the article is literally perfect, but I've complimented you(I don't know if you've noticed) more than once on your contribution to the article, suggesting that it was one of the best articles on wikipedia, which is the main reason I guess that I was looking for something to edit(to feel important or helpful). Guess I got offended also because I don't know you, but indeed admire your work, so that through me off. In summary I was basically stating that my edits(in that situation) were hasty and baseless, so I reverted myself, since I was wrong for editing what I did(as far as the petty grammar and removing the reference to early Mandinkas being hunters, who by ignorance I assumed were agriculturalists, until I read the full citation).. I guess my humbleness made me come off as sarcastic, but again, I have no reason to disrespect you of all people or any other person contributing to the spread of African history. Feel free to erase these comments now if they litter your page, just glad this small misunderstanding is over, cheers! I'm looking at your Battle of Kitombo page now.. Taharqa 16:11, 11 July 2007 (UTC) reply

^Cheers! Hotep to you too my equal... Looking forward to either collaborating with you or simply reading your contributions in the future. Take care. Taharqa 20:08, 11 July 2007 (UTC) reply

Concerning Abubakari II:

Response..

Whoa, you're the dude! Your resourcefulness is truly a source of admiration, the book above is extremely rare and hits for no less than $150 on amazon, excellent display of scholarship. I've just bookmarked THE MUQADDIMAH, by ibn Khaldun also, insane. I read your assessment of the sources on the page and will admit that I was a bit confused because at face value it seemed to me that he was referring to Manding Bory or Abu Bakr I, but you made a terrific observation that was noted from the primary source himself, he indeed does say that the Abu Bakr who is referenced was a descendant of Sunjata on the female line. Given the relevant work of D.T. Niane, all indication is that this refers to Abubakari II, follow the sources and see where they lead you! While some of the details of the Malian dynasty line may hold dubious, this doesn't as you've pinned down the primary source in question and he is quoted. I'm impressed. Great job! Taharqa 03:53, 19 July 2007 (UTC) reply

You may find these interesting.. I've been able to track down a few PDfs dealing with Malian king succession, including Nehemia Levtzion's Thirteenth- and Fourteenth-Century Kings of Mali and Nawal Morcos Bell's The Age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in Succession and Chronology..

Here is the download link to those: http://www.sendspace.com/file/xc5oow

And this is an essay covering the conditions which gave rise to Mali. Nothing you probably need or information that you're already aware of, just thought that it was a good overview and maybe it can be used for later reference (covered from pages 1-9)..

Trade, Technology, and Culture: The Mali Empire in West Africa Source: In the balance: Themes in Global History(Boston: McGraw-Hill, 1998),231-45 Taharqa 05:37, 24 July 2007 (UTC) reply

No Pepsi. :) I kinda left a brief response, with a question on the Songhai talk page. I really appreciate you working on these subjects. I would, as I'm sure you and Taharqa do too, see these pages about black successful accomplishments from way back when, who have made substantial contributions and civilizations, really blossom. I'm sick and tired of the racist back and forth thing, but with these articles there is no denying African history. Of course, there are those ....um.. (I'll be civil) well not everything was/is about the white man. From one of the sources I left on the page:

"Muhammad Touré was also the first to standardize weights, measures, and currency, so culture throughout the Songhay began to homogenize. .....These programs of conquest, centralization, and standardization were the most ambitious and far-reaching in Africa at the time. It is of note that while the urban centers were dominated by Islam and Islamic culture, the non-urban areas were not Islamic. The vast majority of the Songhay people, around 97%, followed traditional African religions."

- Jeeny  ^Talk 01:29, 28 July 2007 (UTC) reply

^This is a great reference Jeeny! Thanx.. I think I'll use it for the Songhay article.. And yes, some of the bias on wiki is overtly obvious but I guess it's better to not point it out sometimes (Why? Don't know.).. Taharqa 18:15, 1 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Hello. Kush is mentioned by both Darius (at Naqš-i Rustam) and Xerxes (daiva inscription). It was probably the northern part of Kush, and it was conquered during the Persian conquests of Egypt. Azerbaijani 21:50, 25 May 2007 (UTC) reply

If you happened to see it, please disregard the last response, I was a little pissed off. It wasn't towards you, but I was on some, I don't wanna edit anymore crap, which I have been thru before.. I hope to be past the nonsense now..

^No problem at all. I tried to provide a bit of more information already in response to the lack of info in the Ghana Empire article and I have a few sources on Songhai that can more than likely be of assistance. I actually prefer your approach (which is commendable) in being primarily concerned with West Africa since it is so under represented, which is a more efficient way or spreading awareness of the facts about African history, rather than constantly being involved in disputes about relatively inane figures and kingdoms/states that are shrouded in known controversy to the point where it literally attracts racist crabs that you have to fight off just to present different cited points of view. Main downside to wikipedia.. I'll dedicate more time to the neglected regions of the continent, starting with Songhai (and beginning either tomorrow or in the next couple of days). The article on the Mali empire should be used as a model imo so while contributing information I'll try and follow that format. Stay safe and keep up the good work you're doing, which only motivates me to do the same. Peace. Taharqa 02:46, 1 August 2007 (UTC) reply

When you get this, please send me (if you will) your e-mail on my talk page, even if it is a junk e-mail you barely use, I wanted to inform you about something, off-wiki.. Taharqa 00:56, 2 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Have begun the process of improvement. It's late here as of now, so I'll continue tomorrow. As for now I've entered a bit of more info on Askia Muhammad and will continue tomorrow. Concerning something I've read elsewhere, I have a question. Are you aware of the songhai ever referring to surrounding Berbers and arabs as "tribes of the white race", or even if we omit the word race, "of the white people"? Have you ever seen such a reference? Get back. Peace.. Taharqa 06:30, 8 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Haha, no problem. There's of course a lot more work to do. I also found the reference to "white minorities" being distinguished between everyday inhabitants, it just threw me off as Britannica referred to them as "tribes of the white race", and that kind of translation seems inaccurate to me since "race" is a European social construct, not an African one. In any event, the criminal justice in Songhay struck my interest. And thanx for posting those articles, I've never even heard of Kasanze and Kasanje, shame on me. Taharqa 15:50, 9 August 2007 (UTC) reply

I didn't actually do much at all. Silver seren 20:38, 8 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Actually you can try, but I believe it is only for cases of vandalism or edit warring, due to the wikipedia, open editing format. But on the other hand, people are in fact vandalizing the page. I'm sorry about that too, because I saw it in the history. Somebody blanked out almost the entire page and I thought that Antandrus had restored everything back, but no, he actually only reverted to Yellowfiver's last revision, who I see was the one that moved the section on Imperial Mali, which wasn't a thought-out edit imo, but it was in good faith I guess. However, IP: 70.23.251.9 like I've stated, blanked the entire page (See here: [1]), it just didn't draw any alarms with me because he was reverted literally within the same minute, so I didn't think to check Yellowfiver's careless edits since I though that it was all taken care of.

Anyways, you may be able to use that as a grounds for Semi-protection, which only restricts brand new users from editing. You can request Full Protection also, but I'm not sure what they'd say.

You do it by going to the board, make sure your entry is placed above the last one seen and basically copy n paste this tag:

Mali Empire (  | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

After that, directly under it, you indicate what kind of protection you seek.

Full Protection, Semi-Protection (move protection doesn't apply here)

You then give a brief explanation as to why, and then sign your name. Full example:

Mali Empire (  | talk | history | protect | delete | links | watch | logs | views)

Semi-Protection: Ip vandalism, important page, would like to protect from vandals. Taharqa 17:00, 16 August 2007 (UTC) reply

^And that's it.. In the case of Full Protection, you can take your chances and claim edit warring, but I think you'd be denied. I wish there was a way to protect wiki pages that are obviously GA and don't need any more work, without any strings attached, but I haven't found that to be so just yet. Of course you go here ( [2]) to file for protection. Good luck.. Taharqa 17:00, 16 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Nice.. Maybe a bit longer explanation than the others, but you needed to elaborate. Hopefully they'll go through with protecting it, if I were them, based on your presentation and the actual disruption that indeed goes on there, I would. I couldn't have presented my case any differently. We'll see what happens. Taharqa 18:38, 16 August 2007 (UTC) reply

A template you created, Template:MandenInfobox, has been marked for deletion as a deprecated and orphaned template. If, after 14 days, there has been no objection, the template will be deleted. If you wish to object to its deletion, please list your objection here and feel free to remove the {{ deprecated}} tag from the template. If you feel the deletion is appropriate, no further action is necessary. Thanks for your attention. -- MZMcBride 02:35, 18 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Template:MandenInfobox is not being used on any article or page as evidenced here. Mali Empire uses Template:Infobox Former Country. Is there still an objection? Cheers. -- MZMcBride 21:51, 18 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Someone is vandalizing the entry on Dona Beatriz Kimpa Vita, and putting in a short news item about a team called Malau Connection. I have tried to revert to the last entry that had the actual article but have not been able to do this or figure out how to do it. If you know how to do this, and it's probably only a few magic keystrokes, could you do it? Also, if there's a way to report it, that would help.

I'm very appreciative of your editing of the Kingdom of Kongo article, and attempting to get it out of the B category. I don't agree with a few of the content issues you've raised, and when I get the chance I'll edit them (especially the kanda one, which is complicated and maybe we can make it accessible) Beepsie —Preceding unsigned comment added by Beepsie ( talk • contribs) 15:29, August 27, 2007 (UTC)

^I'll start trying to watch these pages more often also. Btw, Scott, I hope that you don't mind my entry about the Kora on the page dealing with Kaabu. You can revert it if it seems out of place, I am just becoming fascinated with that instrument though and came across some reading which placed its birthplace in Kaabu. I made an entire section, but maybe it only deserves brief notice; I'm not exactly sure, though I have some idea, how important it was to the Mandinka. Oh yea, and sorry about that protection thing not working out, I see that they felt it wasn't enough activity going on at the time Taharqa 18:21, 27 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Fasho.. And which articles? The ones that were the object of dispute? One was unprotected, merged, and then immediately protected again since people don't know how to act. A couple of others I've been involved with recently also were protected, so I'm left mainly to watch over the pages on traditional history. I'm also interested in creating an article or two, maybe you can explain to me how (I know it's easy)? By e-mail or message, doesn't matter. Thanx.. Taharqa 18:47, 27 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Good lookin out bruh! Taharqa 21:08, 27 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Thank you so much!! I am so frustrated at times because I cannot access the complete JSTOR articles. Right now, I can't remember the ones that I needed, but if I come across them again, is your offer still available? I really appreciate this offer. It is very much appreciated. And for taking care of my T. - Jeeny  ^Talk 22:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC) reply

I sent you an email the other day, wonder if you got it? Also I have another article I'd like, Mortality and Voyage Length in the Middle Passage: New Evidence from the Nineteenth Century. Let me know if you didn't get an email from me, I think I made the subject line clear. I just don't want to give out my email address online. But, I do have email this user activated on my page. - Jeeny  ^Talk 19:56, 30 August 2007 (UTC) reply

Just a heads up to let you know that I made a lot of changes to the "kanda" entry to make it match better my understanding of the word, its meaning and the way it relates to Kongo history. I also made some changes in some of the personality entries and the names of the kandas themselves along the same lines.

Beepsie —Preceding unsigned comment added by Beepsie ( talk • contribs) 16:30, 4 September 2007 (UTC) reply

I'd like to flag an inconsistency between your edit here and another recent edit. I have no sources on the subject, but can't help noticing that in general people freely introduce information about the supposed provenance of slaves without providing any source citations.  -- Lambiam 18:54, 4 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Thanks for the reply. It clears up my understanding, but does not remove the inconsistency. Should the mention of [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]] then perhaps just be taken out from Afro-Latin American, leaving the territory of Angola as the important Central-African source?  -- Lambiam 20:01, 4 September 2007 (UTC) reply

How credible would you say this assertion is, is it verifiable, and should I feel confident in incorporating the information into the article (on Djenne)? It is cited here ( Link) and also claimed in Ivan Van Sertima's book, "Afrikans in Science". Let me know if you have heard anything about this. Peace.. Taharqa 20:57, 12 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Yes! That was more than helpful. I've noticed that the Djenne article also needs to be brought up to par, at least approaching the level of quality of the Timbuktu article. I was browsing and read a few excerpts from Sertima, googled it, and found more information about it, or better yet saw it mentioned in that link I showed you. As soon as I figure out how to incorporate it contextually, I will. Maybe another section, like an "accomplishments, or "legacy" section is in order. So I'd have to research a few more articles/papers and look up a couple of more things to include in that list of accomplishments as it concerns Djenne's legacy. Thanx again brotha man, I can always depend on you. Taharqa 21:46, 12 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Brodie, you offended me with that. The least that that I've ever been worried about is you "bugging me"; please inform me whenever you take on a project, so I can help either contribute to it, or revert the vandals/pov creeps. One thing you actually did forget was the Kushite Empire of Egypt's 25th dynasty, which lasted just over 100 years. It covered the same dominion and ruled over basically the same subjects as Egypt's New Kingdom. I included it into the article.. Taharqa 23:52, 21 September 2007 (UTC) reply

No problem, I'll keep my eyes on the Oyo empire page.. It's a really good article too.. Taharqa 21:08, 9 October 2007 (UTC) reply

Been gone.. just got back.. No doubt, I'll have more free time and am putting the Wolof Empire on my watchlist. Good looking out for the heads up brodie.. Taharqa 03:02, 13 November 2007 (UTC) reply

I tried to fix the citations on the nri article, but messed up somewhere along to way and couldn't find what mistake I made. Since it takes so long to do, I just reverted myself, but I removed that useless clean up tag. Most people that put them up know very well how to organize citations, yet they're too lazy it seems and rather litter the article with distracting tags! I hate that. In any event, I'll fix it later when I get back online. Keep up the solid work. I've been semi-busy but will be more active soon. Taharqa ( talk) 22:33, 17 November 2007 (UTC) reply

"so what did you think of the article?"

It goes without saying that I learn something new with each article that you contribute to and/or create. I have a lot of work to do concerning pre-colonial west Africa. Probably years worth to catch up with what I already know about other regions of Africa. Which is a shame for obvious reasons. So you're Igbo and Mande? That's crazy. Two renowned groups through out west Africa whose contrast encompassed all that defined west Africa from wealth, literacy, and art. As a matter of fact, I've saved up enough to throw away, I might as well hit up Africanancestry.com and get my own results! I think I'll do that. I'll let you know what happens too. Hopefully I don't get road blocked through the paternal side since I already know that my great grandmother was Native American (black foot/cherokee). In any case, I'll holla at you in a bit brodie. Bout to step out for a sec.. Get back whenever you want. Peace. Taharqa ( talk) 22:56, 17 November 2007 (UTC) reply

No problem at all. It's obviously a conscious or unconscious effort there to separate Nubia from geographic North Africa, for obvious reasons, which is why there was no information about Sudan, including their early connections with ancient Egypt. It is also disheartening that the section of North Africa is ten times longer than West, Central, and south, while East has more than West, as if it were some kind of hierarchy, from most civilized to least. The article is a mess and I have it on watch so that I may contribute to its clean up. Thank you as well for catching that and giving it a decent intro. The previous one was ridiculous! It gets me mad sometimes because it is obviously a matter of people being too lazy to do the research or just assuming off top that there is nothing to research anyways. Btw, your proposed outline looks great. Let me know if you're sticking to that, and I can help out where I can. As alluded to, we should also look into giving equal weight to each region, and not allow North Africa come off like some super-civilized founder of culture, at the expense of other regions' history. Taharqa ( talk) 20:19, 20 November 2007 (UTC) reply

what's up man? i just saw you on taharqa's page and thought i'd make a comment on your user page. I wanted to say that maybe you should move Mali to ancient civilizations as well on your nice little list there, because of the discovery of Djenné-Jeno, an ancient Malian city discovered only in the last couple decades, which proves that civilzation emerged in West Africa before the gold trade with the Arabs. Pretty big deal if you ask me. Peace, -- Urthogie 14:52, 25 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey, thanks for the JSTOR offer, I might hit you up on that sometime. Peace, -- Urthogie 16:25, 25 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Good to hear from you 4shizzal. Sounds like you've already made a good start on several African military subjects. You might be interested to go through to the Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/African military history task force, join if you're interested, and work on any of the requested articles there that you want to. Happy editing... Buckshot06 21:39, 26 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Wow, how did I not notice an Africa editor for two years?! Let me offer a belated hello. You might also be interested in watching the currently-slow Wikipedia:Africa-related regional notice board, which occasionally has interesting items posted. - Banyan Tree 23:49, 26 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Thanks for the kind words! You do great work, and I'm happy to fill in whatever gaps I can. Won't be long before the woefully under-worked West African history is filled out.

I'm taking a few days off, but when I do, I just got JSTOR access. If you don't, and come across anything you need a pdf of, lemme know.

Tommy M, NYC (aka) T L Miles 13:44, 28 September 2007 (UTC) reply

Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia. It appears that recently you carried out a copy and paste page move from Ashanti Empire. Please do not move articles by copying and pasting them because it splits the article's history, which is needed for attribution and is helpful in many other ways. In most cases, you should be able to move an article yourself using the "Move" tab at the top of the page. If there is an article that you cannot move yourself by this process, follow the instructions at Wikipedia:Requested moves. Also, if there are any other articles that you copied and pasted, even if it was a long time ago, please list them at Wikipedia:Cut and paste move repair holding pen. Thank you. Gscshoyru 15:31, 1 October 2007 (UTC) reply

Hello. first i'd like to say sorry for the mess with the Ashanti Empire article. Let me explain. I went to the old Empire of Ashanti page and tried to change the title (move it) to Ashanti Empire. When I tried, I got a message saying it could not be done since there was a page already existing by that name. that page was a redirect to the empire of ashanti so I just copied the contents from the empire of ashanti page into the existing ashanti empire page and made the former a redirect to the latter. i know that's confusing as hell and i probably just goofed things up. sorry about that. if there's a way i can fix this let me know. i just felt the article should be titled Ashanti Empire to keep its naming style consistent with the other other empire pages ( Roman Empire, Mali Empire, etc). holla Scott Free 15:39, 1 October 2007 (UTC) reply

No problem -- the page has been marked for "delete and merge" so the admins'll get around to moving it properly. Where you have a move request that you can't do, for whatever reason, then WP:RM is the place to go, ok? You just didn't know policy about page moves -- no problem. The notice is just that -- a friendly notice, so there's nothing at all to worry about. Happy editing! Gscshoyru 15:44, 1 October 2007 (UTC) reply

 Done – no worries. — madman bum and angel 20:50, 1 October 2007 (UTC) reply

The September 2007 issue of the Military history WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you.

Delivered by grafikbot 08:47, 8 October 2007 (UTC) reply

Having seen your message to 24.128.77.171, I'd like to draw your attention to the thread Wikipedia:Reference desk/Humanities#Ok If haitians are mostly descended from West Africans, Why did half of the slave population descended from the congo's?.  -- Lambiam 05:10, 9 October 2007 (UTC) reply

It is no problems; I have found that I am a much more talented editor than writer. I might even do some addition later on as one of my favourite books, Douglas Porchs “The French Foreign Legion”, devout a chapter to the war. Like the “Amazons of Black Sparta” it is a study of a group of warriors, albeit a rather different group. My speciality is French military history and, by being a native, Swedish. So if you need any help in those areas just leave a message. Carl Logan 19:31, 10 October 2007 (UTC) reply

Thanks for the updates. Have you been to WP:AFRO? futurebird 22:46, 11 October 2007 (UTC) reply

I'm glad that you joined, if you see anything you need help with post it at the talk page. Welcome! futurebird 20:59, 26 October 2007 (UTC) reply

I've been trying to work out how this page and Emir of Kano can coexist, but I think it would be easier if we just covered the Hausa kings on Emir of Kano. Would you mind if I merged the two? Picaroon (t) 19:36, 26 October 2007 (UTC) reply

That's a good idea. I'll move Rulers of the Hausa state of Kano to List of rulers of Kano, restore the Fulani emirs to the list (under a different heading), and will retain Emir of Kano as a page describing the occupation. Thanks for the idea! Picaroon (t) 20:55, 26 October 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey 4shizzal. The picture is of a king of kongo, the website said it was of Alfonso. Regardless, there are at least 10 images, drawn in Portugal, where they depict the Kongo royal court this way. Initially, the Portuguese saw Kongo as their equal and this was shown in the artwork. When they started importing slaves the opinions changed. Anyways, there's a link on the image and I'm sure you can find better closer up pictures from the same time period. Need any help just ask.-- Yellowfiver 00:35, 28 October 2007 (UTC) reply

The deletion warning is for the Crispus Attucks image ( Image:Crispus Attucks.jpg) at Military_history_of_African_Americans#Civil_War, not the page itself. The image will have to be deleted, unless we can verify that it's public domain or a valid fair use rationale is given for each page where the image is used. Let me know if you have any other questions. Superm401 - Talk 19:20, 2 November 2007 (UTC) reply

This has been resolved. See Image:Crispus Attucks.jpg The image is definitely public domain. Superm401 - Talk 19:43, 2 November 2007 (UTC) reply

The October 2007 issue of the Military history WikiProject newsletter has been published. You may read the newsletter, change the format in which future issues will be delivered to you, or unsubscribe from this notification by following the link. Thank you.

Delivered by grafikbot 12:47, 3 November 2007 (UTC) reply

• Hello, I left a response to your comment on the discussion page of List of Martial Arts, that outlines my logic. Please tell me what you think! Atari400 02:31, 10 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Hello again! I am just letting you know that I responded to your comment on Talk:List_of_martial_arts. Atari400 03:15, 11 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Thank you for your input. Peterkingiron has already answer about my question. You can add your comment to the talk:Atlantic Slave Trade if you want. Sonic99 03:44, 13 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Hello Scott, I'm sorry, but I think perhaps you have mistaken placing a tag, for a kind of criticism. Tags such as that do not mean the sources are incorrect, do not criticize your writing, spelling, grammar, knowledge, or anything else, at all, but simply have a note that there may be alternate ways of footnote that would be better. I placed a note on the article's talk page explaining why: There are multiple books that are cited many, many times, and there are easier ways of doing this, rather than having to specify author, title, publisher, year, etc., every time. I actually thought the article was excellent, compared to the normal new articles that I run across. I admit that I'm a bit taken aback by your reaction to a simple tag that suggests a clearer way of formatting would assist the reader. I would be willing to assist you if you would like, but at the moment, I do not have the time to do so, so I simply left the tag to allow other editors to see, and possibly help. I do not consider tags as something negative, as I'm sure you know, they are a tool used by editors that categorize pages into areas, so those who are specialists in one area or the other, can find pages in need of some attention. They are they any criticism of the editors of the article. I hope that you can understand this, and I apologize if you considered it an "insult" of any kind, as it most definitely is not meant that way. Sincerely, Ariel ♥ Gold 05:31, 17 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Thank you so much for your quick reply, and know that you're not at all "taking up my time", I'm more than happy to talk about ways to improve Wikipedia, after all, I am a Wikifairy! Honestly, I'd be happy to help, but I sort of felt I would be stepping out of line, to completely change the footnotes, after you had obviously worked so hard. My solution was to use the tag as a gentle suggestion, with a talk page note, that perhaps other ways of doing it would be easier on a reader (I read the article, and just noticed many refs I would refer to were the same book, just a different page number). There is no doubt that the article is sourced extremely well, (I too, am a big proponent of sourcing nearly everything! Want to see an example? Check out STS-120, 116 refs! lol), but I really didn't think it appropriate for me to go radically changing the footnotes, without a discussion. Again, I apologize, and I do hope you forgive me, as I honestly had good intentions. Ariel ♥ Gold 05:49, 17 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Actually, when the mission started, there were maybe 30 refs, total, maybe less. The majority of those were added daily, I'd add usually 4-5 per day, over the course of two weeks. Of course, the press widely covers the missions so it isn't at all difficult, quite different than the topics you cover! And yep, it is 1am here, but I don't sleep nights, so it is mid-day for me, ~*Giggle*~ Ariel ♥ Gold 06:06, 17 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey Scott! Take a look at the article now. I had to do a bit of learning to figure out this particular reference style that I'm not familiar with, but I put a note on the talk page. What I did, was create a "Sources" header, and put the book list alphabetically there, and the references are last name of author, and page number. What do you think? Ariel ♥ Gold 00:06, 18 November 2007 (UTC) reply

That is an awesome picture! But you'll want to put the source URL on the image page, so it can be verified that it is in the public domain. Do you remember what site you found it on? That is a great find, btw! Ariel ♥ Gold 02:34, 18 November 2007 (UTC) reply

On November 20, 2007, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Kingdom of Nri, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.

Thanks for your contributions! Nishkid64 ( talk) 22:26, 20 November 2007 (UTC) reply

This is my present to you, Scott. I nominated the article to be featured on the Main Page, and did not want to tell you in case it was not chosen. But it was, and so I will say, congratulations, well done! You deserve this. Ariel ♥ Gold 05:24, 21 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Congrats! :) - Jeeny ^(talk) 07:26, 21 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Whoa.. Cheers! This is a distinct honor and it is more than apparent that your work is paying off and is being noticed. I'm proud to be affiliated with you. Taharqa ( talk) 02:13, 22 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Or depending on the point of view, happy massacre day! Whatever the case, today's a day for reflection and thanks, even if what the idea was initially based on is fraudulent and non-applicable to those indigenous to our fine country and those ancestors who survived the middle passage. We may above all else, simply give thanks that we're still here, living, breathing, sober and free enough to even dispute such an idea (as Thanksgiving). Have fun and eat to your belly's desire! Peace... Taharqa ( talk) 21:59, 22 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Yeah, what T said. Happy Thanksgiving. Do not eat too much, you need to watch your heart! :) No double-bypasses allowed! :) - Jeeny ^(talk) 02:19, 23 November 2007 (UTC) reply

Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830-1885: An Introduction to the Economic and Political History of Nigeria by Kenneth Onwuka Dike (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1956). It has some background sources on what was the Igbo kingdom of Nri and the kingdom's imperial activities (e.g., in politics, religion, and commerce, including slave trade) in the now Nigeria and West Africa regions. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ogunabibiman ( talk • contribs) 05:12, 26 November 2007 (UTC) reply

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Just a heads up. I edited the Kongo article a lot on 15 December, reorganized its presentation to make it more coherent, added a good number of references and a large section on the 18th and 19th century. All this was reverted by an unnamed user who then added comments on neighboring countries picking on Congo to the "Early History" section (ie Bantu migrations).

However, I did all this without signing on since I had temporarily forgotten my password. Anyway, I suppose it would be appropriate to revert the changes. I'm not fully up to date on how to report vandalism (although I'm not sure it's vandalism in this case) or even to revert. But I know that you have much love for this site and can help on these kinds of things. Beepsie ( talk) 13:07, 16 December 2007 (UTC) reply

Scott, just a heads up to let you know that I reverted the changes that wiped out my work of 15 December. Beepsie ( talk) 20:10, 19 December 2007 (UTC) reply

A tag has been placed on Zulu Empire requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because it is a very short article providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles. Also please note that articles must be on notable subjects and should provide references to reliable sources that verify their content.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, you may contest the deletion by adding {{ hangon}} to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Topspinslams ( talk) 00:44, 18 December 2007 (UTC) reply

I've been CRAZY busy these past few weeks but it is indeed refreshing to see that you haven't veered off course one bit. Was out of state for like a week and a half and am now back trying to get my school situation together, in addition to shopping and dealing with some family issues, but I think I'll be up to the task of again soon (as far as contributing here). Good looks on the Zulu Empire article, it looks sweet. It's crazy how that guy immediately jumped on your article, nominating it for speedy deletion when you weren't even done working on it. That was really weird, but hey, you always handle yourself with class. Just wanted to give a shot out and see if you were still alive, and thankfully you are. lol.. I'll get back at you soon enough.. Peace. Taharqa ( talk) 23:51, 19 December 2007 (UTC) reply

Firstly, merry Christmas..

Very valuable information my friend. Thanx. I'm realizing that googlebooks is turning out to be an extremely convenient source. Typing in certain Key Words will get you an abundance of information, but of course you need to know what you're looking for. If I remember correctly (I may be senile though), I don't believe that you had Songhay listed in your "largest Empire article". Haven't checked your contribs yet, but maybe it can be added now. It goes with out saying that this information will be included in the main article and put in context. Still some work to do, especially after the holidays. Stay sharp.. Taharqa ( talk) 04:51, 25 December 2007 (UTC) reply

Hey scott.. Been a while but haven't forgot about the good work you guys are doing. I so apologize, but I've been having personal issues. Just moved to a different home and the transitioning was horrible. I haven't had steady access to a computer in weeks, I've only been able to use it at the library. Hopefully I can get out of the situation I'm in so I can get back to work, since this affects school also. Please don't give up on the articles (which you never have anyways), you are definitely appreciated. Hopefully I can get more stable and have more freedom soon. Stay safe.. Sad to see that Jeeny is no longer with us. Taharqa ( talk) 16:05, 3 February 2008 (UTC) reply

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There seems to be some issues going on over on the article : Military history of African Americans, in particularly in the section Military history of African Americans#Confederate States Army. Could you take a look at the article's edit history as well as the discussion, Talk:Military history of African Americans, and possibly give some input? Thanks. Sf46 ( talk) 00:14, 15 January 2008 (UTC) reply

I'm interested in your editing of the article on Manikongo of 7 July (a while back). I see you deleted the original language that described the textual positioning of the term in early correspondence and replaced it with a somewhat simpler version. I wonder if you could let me know what you were aiming at in that revision? Also, I changed the existing text a bit to eliminate what I think are errors in the way it read. Beepsie ( talk) 18:53, 18 January 2008 (UTC) reply

No offence was intended mate, but there are plenty of forums online to be asking that kind of question. The purpose of the article's talk page is to discuss improvements to the article. If you intended using any of the answers you received to improve the article, then I apologise, but your questions appeared no different to the dozens of others which have appeared on the page since the film came out, and which have had nothing to do with adding meaningful content to the article. Considering that, my actions were perfectly within the bounds of reason. All the best, Steve ^{T • C} 20:45, 20 January 2008 (UTC) reply

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Your History of Africa Project is a monster from the looks of it. A number of textbooks approach the subject in a survey fashion like Shillington's Historyof Africa. Might be worth a look. Here is his Table of Contents for what its worth. Good luck. If it wasnt so big a topic I would pitch in and help but it is a monster. I might jump in as it takes more shape. Good work!

Early Prehistory of Africa * Later Prehistory * The Impact of Iron in Northeast and West Africa * The Early Iron Age and Bantu Migrations * North and Northeastern Africa to 1000 AD * Trans-Saharan Trade and the Kingdom of Ancient Ghana * Islam and the Sudanic States of West Africa * Eastern Africa to the 16th Century * Trading States of the East African Coast to the 16th Century * Later Iron Age States and Societies of Central and Southern Africa to 1600 AD * North and Northeastern Africa to the 18th Century * The Atlantic Slave Trade, 16th-18th Century * West African States and Societies to the 18th Century * Central and Eastern Africa to the 18th Century * Southern Africa to the 18th Century * West Africa in the 19th Century and the Ending of the Slave Trade * Central and East Africa in the 19th Century * Pre-Industrial Southern Africa in the 19th Century * North and Northeast Africa in the 19th Century * Prelude to Empire in Tropical Africa * The European "Scramble," Colonial Conquest and African Resistance in East, North-Central and West Africa * Industrialization, Colonial Conquest and African Resistance in South-Central and Southern Africa * Consolidation of Empire * Africa between the Wars * The Second World War and Africa * The Winning of Independence (1) * The Winning of Independence (2) * Africa since Independence (1) * Africa since Independence (2) Gnarlesbarklay ( talk) 07:00, 6 March 2008 (UTC) reply

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This article also provides biological evidence highlighting black superiority in sports:

http://www.africaresource.com/content/view/528/236/

http://www.africaresource.com/content/view/528/236/

-- 70.68.179.142 ( talk) 23:21, 14 May 2008 (UTC) reply

Thank you for starting the Kingdom of Nri article. The problem is that some of the sources are from Westerners who didn't completely understand and often misinterpret the information. I have done major editing in Nri-Igbo article because of this too. As a son of Nri, I highly suggest you read "Nri warriors of peace" by Chikodi Anunobi and An Igbo Civilization: Nri Kingdom & Hegemony by M. Angulu Onwuejeogwu. I have done massive work in the past in wikipedia for the past 3 years mainly in subject of the Aro people and other Igbos, a subgroup of the Igbo and founders of the Aro Confederacy (another main pre colonial Igbo power) by creating articles and doing editing. I really learned about Nri in 2004 and begin writing on Nri in 2006.

To learn more about Nri people go to:

• http://www.chikodianunobi.com/pages/books-in-print/NriWarriors.htm
• http://www.chikodianunobi.com/pages/...ns_Beliefs.htm
• http://www.chikodianunobi.com/pages/.../cosmology.htm
• http://www.chikodianunobi.com/pages/...riWarriors.htm

Look at the comparison of the Igbo Nsude pyramids to the Step Pyramid of Saqqara in KEMET:

• http://www.nairaland.com/nigeria/topic-52783.0.html

Look at the pictures and videos here:

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__lzN26iKSw
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e13LSzOeG1U
• http://forum.myspace.com/index.cfm?f...FFAF6434463722

Aro articles by myself: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Aros —Preceding unsigned comment added by LIL T ( talk • contribs) 04:48, 20 May 2008 (UTC) reply

• http://igbokwe.org/1.html
• http://igbokwenu.wikispaces.com/Rediscovery+Issue+History —Preceding unsigned comment added by LIL T ( talk • contribs) 04:56, 20 May 2008 (UTC) reply

I have seen your magnificent work on the Ashanti empire, Oyo, Mali empire, and etc...I must say I am very impressed but not surprised...it is mostly the diasporan Africans that has revived Afrocentricity and Pan Africanism...especially those of Igbo descent...whenever you are ready, you should review these links:

• http://ekwenche.org/igbodiaspora.htm
• http://www.glynncounty.com/History_a...e/Ebo_Landing/
• http://www.atomicage.com/equiano/life.html
• http://www.nathanielturner.com/igbosinvirginia.htm
• http://igbokwenu.wikispaces.com/The+...n+the+Diaspora

• this includes Nnamdi Azikwe, Bishop Turner, Edward Blyden, Ebo landing in North Carolina, Olaudah Equiano, Igbo Haiti, Igbo Jamaica, Igbo Virginia, Igbo Belize, Biafra and etc...killing of Thomas Jefferson's father in Montpelier, Igbo uprisings in Jamaica, and more...

• it is said that 60% of African Americans have at least one Igbo ancestor...

anyway, the problem is that these Westerners viewed Nri culture as uncivilized and evil...they abolished alot of the laws that had to do with peace, justice, and fairness...and since Western culture is mainly centered on death, destruction, and domination they disfavored the Kingdom of Nri while favoring the Benin empire, Igala, and etc which were imperialistic powers...some Afrocentrists still seem to have this mentality...the Westerners were not used to a civilization built on peace and fairness...in fact, Igbo history and culture is still very much colonized...there is a growing efforts among us students of Igbo studies to decolonize it...while we can agree that the authenticity of the Westerners is not evidently 100%, it is close to accurate...the Igbo view of Nri will be more accurate but not 100% because Nri wasn't perfect...however our Nri ancestors taught us that there is three sides of the story...his side, her side, and the truth...let us not rely solely on one side (especially the Western side) to tell us our own history...but we will use both the Western and Igbo sides of the story on Nri to develop a more complete truth... -- LIL T ( talk) 04:41, 22 May 2008 (UTC) reply

Westerners interested in Igbo people like G.I. Jones (took pictures of the Nsude pyramids) Thurston Shaw (helped discovery more Igbo Ukwu bronze castings after Isaiah Anozie), and etc were not bad...I was talking about most Westerners who had racist views against Igbos...

I apologize for the sins of my paternal side ( Aro Confederacy) in their role in the slave trade...at least your paternal and my maternal people ( Kingdom of Nri) campaigned against the slave trade...as a Nri warrior of peace, I hope you know your four duties...

• "It is their first duty to accept anybody who walks into the Nri community seeking to have a new life. It does not matter if their former communities rejected them or if they willingly left their communities as long as those immigrants respect Nri laws. He said that the second duty Nri people owe to their environment is to actively spread the message of peace, tolerance, fair play, and non-violence as Agbala (God -- The Perfect Spirit) and Aja-Ana (Earth Goddess, Mother Earth) had shown them. He reminded them that the third duty of the Nri community to their environment is to prescribe and interpret moral laws according to Aja-Ana (the Earth Goddess) and to cleanse whoever had offended Aja-Ana..the fourth duty Nri owe to the earth is to continue to explore what it means to be a perfect human being and, therefore, a perfect society and then make those discoveries a reality in the world."

• http://www.chikodianunobi.com/pages/books-in-print/Nri/Traditions_Beliefs.htm

• The slave trade brought us Nri warriors of peace allover the world to fulfill our missions and duties...we just have to remember ourselves...

and here is another source of the list of Eze Nris...however, some of the lengths they reigned are questionable...

• http://www.nrikingdom.com/default.asp?id=ndiezenri&mnu=hmnu

-- LIL T ( talk) 05:01, 22 May 2008 (UTC) reply

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On 11 June, 2008, Did you know? was updated with a fact from the article Military history of the Mali Empire, which you created or substantially expanded. If you know of another interesting fact from a recently created article, then please suggest it on the Did you know? talk page.

-- Bedford ^Pray 11:07, 11 June 2008 (UTC) reply

The Military History of Mali article looks excellent, and judging from the fact that you keep getting these "did you know" acknowledgments (I've seen you get these tags before), is a sign that you do great research. Hope your career is going as you planned. Holla back, I'll be around. Taharqa ( talk) 23:23, 15 June 2008 (UTC) reply

Hi Scott!
I have re-created the flag according to the orignal PNG, and i would like to know what you think of it.
Why not take a look at my gallery? -- Oren neu dag ( talk) 23:42, 17 June 2008 (UTC) reply

I have some new resources on Ango-Asante War. Also on Benin Empire. Hit me up on my page or e-mail at enriquecardovaatyahoo_com I can send you a bunch of articles too email to cover a lot of the topics you are working on. Let me know. Enriquecardova ( talk) 14:13, 24 June 2008 (UTC) reply

Email should be working now. If you activate yours under your Preferences link, I can shoot you various articles as Well. Good job on the Mali article by the way. Enriquecardova ( talk) 04:28, 25 June 2008 (UTC) reply

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My name is Brenton Stewart. I am an African American, doctoral student at the University of Wisconsin- Madison in Library & Information Studies. Currently I am conducting a study on the motivational factors of African American Wikipedians. I am asking for your help by participating in this short online survey which will take take approximately 5 minutes to complete. Please feel free to distribute to other Black Wikipedians. The survey will be available from Tuesday July 1, 2008 until Tuesday August 5, 2008. Thank you so much for your participation.

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email me at bloowis@netzero.com --I go by omniposcent —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.112.201.42 ( talk) 10:06, 20 July 2008 (UTC) Abubakari II reply

Don't have time just yet to hop into the discussion, but I will in soon. Made a few edits, getting back the feel of the site. Though it is curious how much people will go out on a limb to "discredit" what obviously blows holes in distortionist views on Africa. Taharqa ( talk) 23:54, 23 July 2008 (UTC) reply

Oops, my fault.. I was talking about the Abubakari page. I thought I specified but obviously I didn't.. Taharqa ( talk) 19:21, 24 July 2008 (UTC) reply

How ya doin Scott? Hey, I just recently got through watching an excellent documentary from PBS, called "Prince among Slaves".. It's about a former prince by the name of Abdulrahman Ibrahim Ibn Sori, a Fulani from the kingdom of Fouta Djallon who was incidentally sold into slavery as a POW and subsequently shipped to America. I wouldn't at all be surprised if you've already heard about him though. It was a very heart felt story that for me, embodied both where we come from as a people, and the dream we've fought to achieve after our seeming demise. I was wondering if you knew anything about him and/or knew of any books written about him. The only references wiki gives is to the homepage of the said documentary. Taharqa ( talk) 05:02, 30 July 2008 (UTC) reply

Yea, I see that. It hasn't gotten too much out of hand yet, but I left somewhat of a warning in the form of useful advice on the talk page. It doesn't make any sense what the guy is trying to do, but I'll be sure whenever I see it to combat any blatant disruption through the various tools out there at our disposal. Don't worry, that page isn't going anywhere.. Taharqa ( talk) 20:47, 30 July 2008 (UTC) reply

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I just reverted an edit that supposedly was made by you on the named article. Just assumed that it was vandalism since it was odd and had no edit summary. Apparently you are an valued editor. When you reinstate the edit can you explain and give a footnote if none is given? Thanks. Student7 ( talk) 21:08, 1 September 2008 (UTC) reply

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I have nominated Sonni (ruler), an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Sonni (ruler). Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. — Remember the dot ^{( talk)} 03:39, 8 September 2008 (UTC) reply

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...And thank you for the appreciation in return, I'm just sometimes trying to make Wikipedia look as optimal as possible you know. By the way I have to say you've done some great work on African-related historical subjects and such, I've found a lot of interesting things I see you wrote. Gabagool ( talk) 01:19, 3 October 2008 (UTC) reply

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An article that you have been involved in editing, List of longest-lasting empires, has been listed for deletion. If you are interested in the deletion discussion, please participate by adding your comments at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of longest-lasting empires. Thank you. The Red Hat of Pat Ferrick ^t 13:33, 6 December 2008 (UTC) reply

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I'm not particularly interested in your idiosyncratic views on the African slave trade. What I am interested in is sources to back up your assertions. So please supply them. The policies of Wikipedia require that you provide sources for contested edits. So please do not revert to your preferred version without doing so. Please also note that you are not considered a good source yourself, so your personal views will not suffice.

And it's not hard to explain. There was a slave trade before the arrival of the Europeans and there was one afterwards. But they were not the same trade. The participants were different; the scale was different; the trade was different. It's like me saying that my job trading futures is the same as trading baseball cards when I was a kid. They are both trading, and I was involved in both, so what's the diff? Are you seeing why that's ludicrous?

While it's true that there was a slave trade in Africa, it did not have the structure of the later slave trade. You are by omission allowing the suggestion that it did. I won't discuss your analysis of the expansion of West African states, but it's entirely wrong. Cheers. Grace Note ( talk) 03:19, 21 January 2009 (UTC) reply

		The Geography Barnstar
		I award you the proud Geographic Barnstar for your work on early Africa. Thank you for your contributions to Wikipedia and keep it up! NewSinew ( talk) 04:16, 2 February 2009 (UTC) reply

Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on List of monarchs of Kerma, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because List of monarchs of Kerma is very short providing little or no context to the reader. Please see Wikipedia:Stub for our minimum information standards for short articles.

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Hey! Sorry I'm responding late (been busy with work). I'd love to help out editing pages dealing with African civilizations. I started trying to work on pages dealing with the subject a little while ago because I noticed articles dealing with African civilizations were noticeably undeveloped compared to pages dealing with European and Asian civilizations. I figured I might as well lend a hand and help Wikipedia paint a more complete picture since articles dealing with Africa, especially sub-Saharan Africa, seem to lacking. Do you need my participation in any particular pages right now? Full Shunyata ( talk) 21:31, 20 February 2009 (UTC) reply

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Long time, no see.. Hope everything is going well for you.. I'm preparing for my undergrad work at UC Davis (African History), in addition to holding down the fam. Decided to see what's been going on with the wiki projects.

1)I've noticed your article on the Manden Charter and was drawn to it due to recent discussions I've had about it elsewhere. I've been reading a lot on the historical methodology involved in recovering actual history from oral sources and have tracked down (for myself) much relating to the recovery of the Kurukan Fuga. It seems hard for some to believe that Mali [Africans] had a constitution assuring universal human rights before European countries did. Hence, the interview with Niane and west African workshop I posted in the external links section.

2) I was also reading Hunwick's Timbuktu and Songhay, where he has a nearly complete translation of the Tarikh al-Sudan and noticed that we may ("we" as in, lay people, students and academics alike) may be writing Mansa Musa's name wrong.. Cissoko claims that the correct reading is "Kankou" (as opposed to "Kankan") Musa ("son of Kankou").

3) I was also editing the Sankore page and noticed a relatively older edit of yours that superseded one of mine. It concerned who initially financed Sankore and I had read in more than one place that it was a local Mandinka lady, yet your edit indicated that it was a "Tuareg woman".. My first thought was that it (the edit) was done by a Eurocentrist until I saw that it was you (you know, these edits are hard to track sometimes, lol).. I'm not sure that it's a problem with source attribution as I cited my sources. It can be either that you've read something different or that you may have misinterpreted Timbuktu's founding as a regional settlement with who financed the later Sankore. Al-Sadi points out that the name for Timbuktu derives from a local slave woman but her ethnicity isn't identified (though many may assume her to have been Tuareg..I'm not sure). In any event, do you even remember editing that? lol...

^^At the end of the day I am amazed at your consistency and can only commend your work (which has in many ways, influenced what region of Africa I'd like to study).. Keep it up, I'll be in and out (likely sporadically) but am not going anywhere.. Taharqa ( talk) 17:22, 23 March 2009 (UTC) .......................... reply

Ok, cool.. And I've added those new projects to my watchlist. After I get back from school later tonight I'll see what I can begin to add or clean up (may already have available material for Kush).. Will holler at you later. Taharqa ( talk) 16:39, 24 March 2009 (UTC) reply

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How much do you know about this script?? I've seen one of your edits made to the page to clarify that Austin Curtis was actually half black, though I was taken a back by the entire theory in the first place. I've heard about the theories via correspondence with Clyde Winters that the script may in fact be old, based on relatively ancient ideographs. Even disregarding this to address the theory of a "Cherokee" influence, it didn't take me long to discover that it (Cherokee theory) is based on extremely scant evidence, I mean to the point where's it's just ridiculous ("a man who is half Cherokee moved to Liberia"....what else?). Laughable. There's MUCH more evidence of Blacks landing in America, but we see how those kind of ideas are treated by the "mainstream". There is no similarity between the two scripts which would naturally beg the question, why would such a theory hold prominence? Anyways, just felt like getting that off of my chest. The standard of proofs seem to be skewed unfavorably towards African achievement while it seems any far flung theory based on nothing can somehow achieve enough notoriety to obscure it. From my own perception at least. Taharqa ( talk) 02:32, 11 April 2009 (UTC) reply

Hello I think you might be interested in this "discussion"[ [3]] —Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.126.251.101 ( talk) 02:54, 28 April 2009 (UTC) reply

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Why did you sign Sultanate of Air, a redirect you've created? I've fixed it, but as you're not a new user, I was somewhat surprised. -- Intelligent sium 16:50, 18 June 2009 (UTC) reply

hi, please check my recent edits on this article here [4]

regards

الله أكبر Mohammad Adil 13:54, 23 June 2009 (UTC) reply

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All editors with a specific interest in African history are invited to help start a new African history Wikiproject. This is not a substitute for the Africa Wikiproject, but editors with a specific interest in African history would collaborate on improving the quality of African history on Wikipedia. For more details click here or here here. —Preceding undated comment added 15:24, 11 August 2009 (UTC).

Hi Scott Free. Thanks for your support for the African History Project idea. The work you've been doing is fantastic - the Military History of Mali is an awesome achievement. If you know of any other editors who you'd like to join, then don't hesitate to ask them. It's recommended that 5 or 6 join a Wikiproject. I think that, given the scale of the tasks ahead, that might be the least we'd need for a steady start. Ackees ( talk) 13:18, 15 August 2009 (UTC) reply

Plus, feel free to edit the proto-project page here Ackees ( talk) 13:56, 15 August 2009 (UTC) reply

At random, after your query I looked at Great Zimbabwe which had an etymology section missing references, not unimportant given that this relates to the name of the modern state. Another random example was the lack of a specific 'History of Asanteman' article. This might be considered duplication as, clearly, the Ashanti Empire is by definition historical. But with an entity as complex as Asanteman, there is scope for, on the one hand a descriptive account of its sociology and structure - and on the other hand, a separate more chronological account of developments. I think a large part of the Project's work will be identifying these sorts of quality and context issues. Ackees ( talk) 10:09, 18 August 2009 (UTC) reply

I'm not much of a Wikicrat. The African History Wikiproject will be my first venture. I've briefly looked at the Empires/Kingdom dispute. It certainly needs a great deal of thought as it is (like African history generally) a very complex area. Take the current title: the term 'pre-colonial kingdom' empire seems very 'euro-centric' (cos it defines the kingdoms by their relationship to the brief period of European colonization). Plus it is also illogical, cos by definition, empires (including African ones) always have a 'colonial' element. So, to define the Mali empire, for example, as 'pre-colonial' seems to accentuate this illogical euro-centricism. Plus, kingdoms are often 'imperialist', even if its only on a small scale. Not all empires are formally 'kingdoms' (take the USA for example - although some might describe it as elective monarchy rather than a genuine democracy). Strangely, when one goes to the 'Sahelian kingdoms' section and article - there is a list of empires (no kingdoms mentioned). Plus, Nok is listed as kingdom - but what is the evidence for that? But the truth is that another word for history might be 'controversy'. Here's another example of oddness. The 'History of North Africa' article begins with the statement 'North Africa is a relatively thin strip of land between the Sahara desert and the Mediterranean'. But in that sentence the phrase 'North Africa' links to the wiki map showing territories that stretch south-north for thousands of kilometers.' So which is it: a vast swathe of giant Saharan nations, or a thin strip of land? HoNA is a weak article - but indicative of the need for an African History Wikiproject. Any luck with the recruitment? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ackees ( talk • contribs) 09:28, 19 August 2009 (UTC) reply

You currently appear to be engaged in an edit war according to the reverts you have made on African empires. Note that the three-revert rule prohibits making more than three reversions on a single page within a 24 hour period. Additionally, users who perform several reversions in content disputes may be blocked for edit warring even if they do not technically violate the three-revert rule. When in dispute with another editor you should first try to discuss controversial changes to work towards wording and content that gains a consensus among editors. If that proves unsuccessful you are encouraged to seek dispute resolution, and in some cases it may be appropriate to request page protection. Please stop the disruption, otherwise you may be blocked from editing. Dougweller ( talk) 16:31, 19 August 2009 (UTC) reply

Counted wrong, you are now at 3RR. Dougweller ( talk) 19:51, 19 August 2009 (UTC) reply

ScottFree, the article title ' African Empires' is legitimate and does not constitute OR. The subject constitutes a chapter heading in part two of the Cultural Atlas of Africa, edited by Dr Jocelyn Murray. I've added the reference to the article. Ackees ( talk) 12:55, 23 August 2009 (UTC) reply

Have found several more academic uses of the term 'African Empires' with reference to indigenous states - have included them in the article and on the talk page. Ackees ( talk) 15:34, 23 August 2009 (UTC) reply

Could you have a look at the WikiProject page and help prepare it for launch, please. I don't think its worth waiting for other recruits too long. Once its up and running, folks might well join in for the ride. Ackees ( talk) 01:19, 25 August 2009 (UTC) reply

Yello.

You mentioned on Talk:Zulu Kingdom something which implied that it was you who added the "native name" of the kingdom in question. Would you like to tell me what your source was and/or perhaps confirm that you copied the name correctly? Please go to the talk page to see my concerns, from a purely linguistic (not semantic) point of view, about the name.

Tebello TheWHAT!!?? 20:55, 20 August 2009 (UTC) reply

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An editor has nominated one or more articles which you have created or worked on, for deletion. The nominated article is List of longest-lasting empires. We appreciate your contributions, but the nominator doesn't believe that the article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in his/her nomination (see also Wikipedia:Notability and " What Wikipedia is not").

Your opinions on whether the article meets inclusion criteria and what should be done with the article are welcome; please participate in the discussion(s) by adding your comments to Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/List of longest-lasting empires (2nd nomination). Please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes (~~~~).

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That is a good question. "Umu" can mean children or union. Umu Aro means children of Arochukwu and union of Aro people. There is another word for union, pact, and etc in Igbo. Sorry for the late response. Thank you for your compliment and great work.

-Chi Bless

-- LIL T ( talk) 05:33, 25 January 2010 (UTC)----LIL T reply

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Do you have an email you can give me? There's some questions I have regarding the timbuktu manuscripts project. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Mannoro ( talk • contribs) 02:22, 12 February 2010 (UTC) reply

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Hello. Your account has been granted the "reviewer" userright, allowing you to review other users' edits on certain flagged pages. Pending changes, also known as flagged protection, is currently undergoing a two-month trial scheduled to end 15 August 2010.

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The article List of Rulers of the Igala state of Idah has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:

fails WP:LIST - all entries in the list do not have articles - notability of the entries is not established

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

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Hi 4shizzal, After leaving Wikipedia alone for a while, I've decided to do a review of the various African history sites as I teach my course on African History. I know your work and that you're a solid, careful editor and so I'm giving you a heads up on it. I'm starting with the Ghana Empire today and I'm going to do quite a bit of changing, some big and some little. I looked back through a couple of months of editing history just to see what's going on on the article,and I see there's been a good deal of work. However, I don't see too much that is dramatic except that of Abdel Noor, whose work I will be changing a lot. I checked his talk page, and see he has not posted a user page, so I'm not sure where he's coming from, but since I'm changing things he wrote in particular I wanted to let you know, too. Beepsie ( talk) 19:29, 8 September 2010 (UTC)—Preceding unsigned comment added by Beepsie ( talk • contribs) 19:26, 8 September 2010 (UTC) reply

Regional categories

4shizzal: Every time I see your nickname I remember the day I first heard "Let me Ride", and as a historian I divide time into BC (Before Chronic) and AD (After Dre).

I am looking at the ancient Egypt article right now, and I want to see more intergration of this topic into the greater Nile Valley world so that the Nubian and Sudanese component of that civilization can be recognized. Obviously we want Egypt to be about Egypt, and so I wonder about a Nile Valley Civilization (or plural civilizations) category that would allow us to anchor Egypt, the Nubian/Sudanese kingdoms and Punt into a single category. Then an entry like Ancient Egypt would link to that as would the Nubian etc. One would want to include a link to the super-category in the opening section of the Egypt article. I'm going to edit this piece and include a "Nile Valley Civilizations" link in it, and create a Nile Valley Civilizations stub. Tell me what you think of this idea, or if I'm actually duplicating some other linkages, in which case I'll modify. Note also that we need to make regional categories for other parts of Africa, it's possible to do the Western Sudan now as a unit using an existing article I think, but we'll need to think how to devise and work out regional divisions that make sense, in order to integrate individual pre-colonial African country articles more coherently. But we also need to make sure that we chose categories that allow users to identify this architecture. Beepsie ( talk) 14:35, 15 September 2010 (UTC) reply

Scott, I'm going to start revising the Mali entry, and I see you worked on it a lot. I have some problems with what is there now, so I want to let you know in advance. First, I think that the best secondary source to follow for much of this section is Nehemia Levtzion's Ancient Ghana and Mali (1973). It's an old timer, but for the purposes of much of the history we have, it's still the best. There have been new archaeological discoveries, but mostly they relate to earlier periods, and there have not been any new documents discovered that would change his evidentiary base, including any to be found in Timbuktu. The vast majority of those documents date from the eighteenth and nineteenth cventuries, and as far as I know there are none that predate the late fifteenth century. Most are either "mundane" documents like legal contracts or bills of sale, or are texts in Arabic composed outside Africa and available there as a center of learning within the Muslim world, such as legal texts, works of folklore and the like.

While the text now up makes a lot of oral tradition, and uses Niane's works (his earlier articles from the 60s rather than his UNESCO General History of Africa chapters. Niane used some oral tradition, but most of what he wrote was based on either Arabic sources, or on modern observations of social structure and terminology. We're talking about a fourteenth century empire, and to use modern social structure requires that there be no changes in 600 years, including the period of the period of the jihads in the nineteenth century, the colonial period and the disjunctures associated with that, and then the post colonial period, now 50 years old. Oral tradition has alwasy had a problem with feedback, that is, scholarly work, often by French scholars in the colonial period, ends up being read either directly or indirectly by specialists in oral tradition and incorporated into it. It makes OT problematic. I'd like to think we could learn a lot from it, but frankly I think it's a weak limb, especially for so remote a period.

So in reworking I'll use Levtzion with an eye on Niane, the original sources in Levztion and Hopkins, at least to the degree where it won't fall in the original research category, and maybe a bit more of the secondary literature.

I may be deleting, reverting or other wise disrupting what's written there, and I want to do this in as non-invasive a way as possible. Since I know you love this article, I want you to watch and argue where you see fit. I'm going to start with additions rather than subtractions and work my way forward. I probably won't spend more than a few days thought, and when that's over I'm off the article, since it's keyed to my class. Beepsie ( talk) 16:48, 6 October 2010 (UTC) reply

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Scott, I'm intrigued but a bit alarmed by your reorganization of the Kongo article into rule by various houses. First of all there is really no such organization of the subject found in the existing historiography of the country, and so in some ways I think your revision veers toward original research. I'm also not sure that I agree that the country's history can be quite so neatly characterized, and that is why I have avoided doing it in my own work. My sense, given in the "Elite Women" article that you cite is that the organization of the kanda really has three stages: first as a rather informal grouping of partisans that emerges at the time of election of a king, we can't be sure it's Kikongo term was "kanda" then, though I think it probably was (such a use is not literally attested in texts) but certainly it was attested in Portugese as "geração" (see p. 440). I'm not sure that there actually existed a descent group called "Kilukeni" for example, though as you see on pp. 442-45, in any case it was dissolving through the formation of rival factions from within it in 1550. I think a somewhat more solidified vision of houses or factions emerged during the crisis that followed the death of Alvaro II in 1614 and wasn't resolved until the coronation of Alvaro VI in 1636. Here factions became more formal and took on multigenerational life: it's maybe not a surprise that the first use of the "House of Coilo" of example is in a text of 1624, in the midst of this crisis. The third phase is following the death of Antonio I at Mbwila in 1665, then the factions harden into multi-generational durable units that control sections of the country and are never really removed: Pedro IV institutionalized the rotation of the factions as a part of his compromise settlement of 1709-18.

I guess my concerns therefore are two fold. First, I don't think that an encyclopedia is the place for engaging in this reconstruction, ahead of its publication in some academic or related journal where all the implications can be worked out with full reference to the primary sources. Your work in part is inspiring me to attempt such an article or to incorporate it into a book, but I can assure you that such an article will have to be as densely documented as "Elite Women" was, and unlike "Elite Women" the question of house, clan or faction will have to be the explicit purpose of the piece.

For now, however, I really think it needs to be reorganized into a more conventional scheme, perhaps by period through kings. I can see a periodization that runs from Afonso through Alvaro I; a second one that runs through the crisis following Alvaro II's death until 1636, yet another covering Alvaro VI-Antonio I, and then the civil war. Beepsie ( talk) 16:53, 28 December 2010 (UTC) reply

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Dear Scott or 4shizzal...,
I have read your message on my talk page and allow me to say something. I do not take kindly to threats, of which your message was simply a sugar coated one. I care deeply for history which is why I will continue to stage the fact that the Kongo Kingdom was infact a vassalage of Portugal. I too have been in many a ... "rodeo", as you put it, and I can say that I do not always win, but let me say that I will "win", as if to say this is a competition, which it is not, on this matter because it is fact. The making of vassalage in the 19th century was merely officialization, for if you knew of the Congo Kingdom, which I so desperately hope you do, they were long under Portuguese influence and control. I do hate writing messages like this one which show my "ugly side", and I apologize for that, but I always believe old testemant was right in saying "an eye for an eye", so next time you so rudely embarras me on my talk page, be assured the disgrace will be reciprocated.
Thank you,
Cristiano Tomás ( talk) 00:56, 1 July 2012 (UTC) reply

4shizzal, I was notified on my talk that there was a dispute going on at Kingdom of Kongo. This edit of yours (regarding the 'rodeo') might be taken by admins as being a promise to edit war. If so it may be seen as violating our WP:Edit warring policy. To stay out of trouble, I suggest that you follow the steps of WP:Dispute resolution. In case two people cannot agree, that policy explains how to bring in a third or fourth opinion. Thank you, EdJohnston ( talk) 04:08, 1 July 2012 (UTC) reply

I am happy we could comprimise. I am sorry for my mal-mannered behavior earlier. Thank you, Cristiano Tomás ( talk) 22:09, 1 July 2012 (UTC) reply

Per the language, when the kingdom became a vassal it from then on did all official business in Portuguese and that became the court language. Just look at any post-vassal documents. This makes it applicable for that language category in the infobox. I must go right now, but later on I will elaborate on my reasoning. Good editing and thank you, Cristiano Tomás ( talk) 22:16, 1 July 2012 (UTC) reply

Hello 4shizzal,

I'm part of a team that is researching ways to help Wikipedia editors find interesting content to contribute to Wikipedia. More specifically, we are investigating whether content from news sources can be used to enhance Wikipedia editing. We have created a tool, called wikiFeed, that allows you to specify Twitter and/or RSS feeds from news sources that are interesting to you. wikiFeed then helps you make connections between those feeds and Wikipedia articles. We believe that using this tool may be a lot of fun, and may help you come up with some ideas on how to contribute to Wikipedia in ways that interest you. Please participate! To do so, complete this survey and follow this link to our website. Once you're there, click the "create an account" link to get started.

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Hello! First I'd like to say thanks for contributing to those African Empire pages (especially the medieval ones such as the Mali and Songhai; not sure if you did the Almohads and Almavorids, too, but if so, thanks!). I also enjoyed reading about your story finding about your relation to the Igbo and the Mande, among others! It's a bit refreshing to see another person who is black interested in Africa that isn't an extreme Afro-centrist; I know they are out there, but I haven't been fortunate to run across many in person. I also agree with your piece regarding Africans and the lack of writing relative to other cultures. There are many peoples in SE Asia, Oceania, and the Americas (outside of the usual suspects) that didn't use writing, but it isn't b/c of the lack on intelligence, but there wasn't important. Sorry, getting a bit off topic!

My interest is focused on globalization between ancient/medieval/early modern period era, and I'm particularly focused on trying to expand upon the Portuguese Empire page. I wanted to add a bit more information with Luso-Ethiopian contact on the page (although it would serve a larger purpose on the Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery page; Africa and Asia are wholly ignored, and the Jesuits among others certainly had an impact in more than just in the Americas) and I want to know if you know of any good books on the subject, and maybe relations with the Kingdom of Kongo and Portugal, too? Just contact me on my page whenever you get the chance, thanks for reading! LeftAire ( talk) 20:15, 12 May 2014 (UTC) reply

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at disease control and defence satellites Op-ed: TomStar81 on the rise of air power Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Peacemaker67 and Nick-D on Nazi terror and covert warfare Op-ed: Hawkeye7 looks at Australians on the Somme Timeline: This month in World War I

Hi. You may be interested in participating in the African Destubathon which starts on October 15. Africa currently has over 37,000 stubs and badly needs a quality improvement editathon/contest to flesh out basic stubs. There are proposed substantial prizes to give to editors who do the most geography, wildlife and women articles, and planned smaller prizes for doing to most destubs for each of the 53 African countries, so should be enjoyable! Even if contests aren't your thing we would be grateful if you could consider destubbing a few African articles during the drive to help the cause and help reduce the massive 37,000 + stub count, of which many are rated high importance (think Regions of countries etc). If you're interested in competing or just loosely contributing, whether it's a river in Malawi, a Nigerian footballer, or a South African civil rights activist, please add your name to the Contestants/participants section. Diversity of work from a lot of people will make this that bit more special. For those of you who signed up to the North African contest, that will hopefully be held in the new year. Thanks. -- MediaWiki message delivery ( talk) 21:11, 6 October 2016 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at recent works Op-ed: TomStar81 on the evolution of the tank Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at two new books on the US military Interview: A chat with our new project coordinators Review essay: Nick-D discusses recent works on the British and Australian Armies in World War I Op-ed: TomStar81 on the end of the Battle of the Somme Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at America's nuclear capability at the start of the Cold War Review essay: Hawkeye7 on the Manhatten Project suite of articles Op-ed: TomStar81 discusses leadership changes in World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D look at three recent works Op-ed: TomStar81 on a curious episode of World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D look at works on two facets of US military power Op-ed: TomStar81 on the Russian Revolution Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at air power and nuclear weaponry Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on Australia's part in the advance on the Hindenburg Line Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Strategic Air Command doctrine Op-ed: Tomstar81 looks at a little-known aspect of World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at the Battle of Kokoda and US defence acquisition in the 1960s Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on the Battle of Messines Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at planning for the unthinkable Op-ed: TomStar81 on Russia's Provisional Government in World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on the Battle of Messines and recent Australian Army leadership; Nick-D on South African armour Op-ed: Nick-D talks photography Timeline: This month in World War I

A file that you uploaded or altered, File:Asante traditional flag.jpg, has been listed at Wikipedia:Files for discussion. Please see the discussion to see why it has been listed (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry). Feel free to add your opinion on the matter below the nomination. Thank you. Jon Kolbert ( talk) 14:27, 13 August 2017 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at two recent releases Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on ANZACs in the Third Ypres Offensive Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at Australian involvement on the Western Front in 1918 and in post-war New Guinea Op-ed: TomStar81 on the October Revolution Timeline: This month in World War I

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Hi. We're into the last five days of the Women in Red World Contest. There's a new bonus prize of $200 worth of books of your choice to win for creating the most new women biographies between 0:00 on the 26th and 23:59 on 30th November. If you've been contributing to the contest, thank you for your support, we've produced over 2000 articles. If you haven't contributed yet, we would appreciate you taking the time to add entries to our articles achievements list by the end of the month. Thank you, and if participating, good luck with the finale!

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Op-ed: TomStar81 on the Halifax Explosion of 1917 Timeline: This month in World War I

Greetings,

"Military history" is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians.

MediaWiki message delivery ( talk) 11:30, 21 December 2017 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at tropical medicine and Operation Market Garden Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on US Army doctrine in World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on the Napoleonic Wars and Hawkeye7 on World War II Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on generalship in 1918 Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at a work by Daniel Ellsberg Op-ed: TomStar81 on the 1918 flu pandemic Timeline: This month in World War I

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at coalitions and logistics in World War II, and Nick-D at Australia's frontier wars Timeline: This month in World War I

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: This month's external reviews Op-ed: TomStar81 on the murder of the Romanovs Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at a classic US official history Op-ed: TomStar81 on belated declarations of war in 1916–18 Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Indy Beetle and Nick-D on the Katangese Gendarmes and India during World War II Op-ed: TomStar81 looks at two important treaties of World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at the use of so-called "substandard" manpower in armies Interview: On the Bugle turning 150 (issues that is!) Op-ed: TomStar81 on the collapse of empires at the close of World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Peacemaker67 looks at the Sydney Wars Op-ed: TomStar81 on the end of World War I Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Op-ed: Indy beetle looks at military newspapers in East Africa

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at Albert Speer Op-ed: Factotem on common problems affecting infoboxes Timeline: This month in World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Review essay: Nick-D on the Japanese battleship Mikasa

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on US Navy aviation safety and Australian war crimes trials

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Peacemaker67, Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at three books focussing on the World Wars Op-ed: Indy Beetle on the fall of Idi Amin

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Australia's leadership and medical services in World War II and Peacemaker67 on Israel's targeted assassinations Op-ed: TomStar81 looks at the fate of the German fleet at Scapa Flow

Please do not introduce inappropriate pages, such as Kingdom of Koya, to Wikipedia. Doing so is considered to be vandalism and is prohibited. If you would like to experiment, please use the sandbox. Under section G3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, the page has been nominated for deletion. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Orville1974 ( talk) 13:44, 25 May 2019 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at the Dambusters, and Hawkeye7 at Allied code breakers and Australia in New Guinea and Vietnam Op-ed: TomStar81 on the treaty that ended World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Haweye7, Peacemaker67 and Nick-D on recent books covering the world wars

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Peacemaker67 look at Italian, German and Australian forces in World War II

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Peacemaker67 look at Italian, German and Australian forces in World War II

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at the legacy of World War II

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D look at three works Op-ed: Hawkeye7 on writing a military biography

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Willbb234 on Allied pilots, Hawkeye7 on the defence of Australia and logistics in Indochina, Nick-D on Australian commandos Op-ed: Hawkeye7 reports back on a high-profile history symposium

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D look at works on aspects of the Second World War and Cold War

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Jim Mattis

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at a failed German counterattack in the Battle of Normandy

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 looks at the logistics behind the Crusades and the USAF's early Cold War nuclear deterrant

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D and Hawkeye7 look at fortifications, the German Army, and post-Cold War conflict

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at the naval siege of Japan in 1945

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on Hadrian's Wall and Hawkeye7 on the British military Op-ed: Nick-D on diversity and military history

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Op-ed: Nick-D on 1945

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Review Essay: Nick-D on the Historical Aircraft Restoration Society

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on Franklin Roosevelt in World War II and Hog Farm on the Battle of Chancellorsville

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at the war in Ukraine

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Works on the Gallipoli Campaign, Battle of Perryville and US 1st Infantry Division

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on female computers, Nick-D on the Israeli Defence Forces

Hey y'all, the April 2021 WikiProject Military History Reviewing Drive begins at 00:01 UTC on April 1, 2021 and runs through 23:59 UTC on April 31, 2021. Points can be earned through reviewing articles on the AutoCheck report, reviewing articles listed at WP:MILHIST/ASSESS, reviewing MILHIST-tagged articles at WP:GAN or WP:FAC, and reviewing articles submitted at WP:MILHIST/ACR. Service awards and barnstars are given for set points thresholds, and the top three finishers will receive further awards. To participate, sign up at Wikipedia:WikiProject_Military_History/April 2021 Reviewing Drive#Participants and create a worklist at Wikipedia:WikiProject Military history/April 2021 Reviewing Drive/Worklists (examples are given). Further details can be found at the drive page. Questions can be asked at the drive talk page. MediaWiki message delivery ( talk) 17:27, 31 March 2021 (UTC) reply

Please do not create hoaxes on Wikipedia, as you did at Nlaza of Kongo. Doing so is considered to be vandalism and is prohibited. If you are interested in how accurate Wikipedia is, a more constructive test method would be to try to find inaccurate statements that are already in Wikipedia—and then to correct them if possible. If you would like to make test edits, please use the sandbox. Under section G3 of the criteria for speedy deletion, the page has been nominated for deletion. Repeated vandalism may result in the loss of editing privileges.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Ixocactus ( talk) 02:56, 13 April 2021 (UTC) reply

The article Nlaza of Kongo has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern:

Hoax, using fake fonts. Both do not mention anyone named NIaza. He is not even on the succession list that goes from Nanga to Cuantinu.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the {{proposed deletion/dated}} notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing {{proposed deletion/dated}} will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ixocactus ( talk) 12:17, 14 April 2021 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Montgomery's doctrine and Nick-D on Mussolini's wars

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on RAAF aircraft, Hawkeye7 on mission command and nuclear secrecy

Urve ( talk) 05:50, 3 July 2021 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Peacemaker67 and Nick-D on World War I

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Commonwealth armies and an Australian spy, Nick-D on the American Revolutionary War and RAAF mine laying Op-ed: RobDuch on United States coastal defenses

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Australia and the UK in Iraq and Afghanistan Op-ed: Nick-D on writing about military procurement

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Australia and the UK in Iraq and Afghanistan Op-ed: Nick-D on writing about military procurement

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on British conscription and German warship raiders

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Canadian junior officers in World War II

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on the Franklin–Nashville campaign Review essay: Military History Wikiproject Coordinators' reading list

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on the Australian Army in Somalia Review essay: Hog Farm on American Civil War sites in the South and Midwest

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D on World War II in Europe

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on Hitler as a military leader

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Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 and Nick-D look at four recent works

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Falklands War artillery and Nick-D on the Battle of the Ruhr

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on the Falklands War

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on Australian military leadership and Nick-D on the First Crusade's Byzantine connection

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Recent external reviews Op-ed: Meet some of the project coordinators

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D on the 1991 Gulf War air campaign Op-ed: Meet some more of the coordinators

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Nick-D looks at British Territorials in India Interview: On turning 200 (issues of the Bugle!) Review essay: Coordinators' 2022 reading list Op-ed: Meet some more of the coordinators

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on the key contributions of two Australian scientists in World War II Review essay: Nick-D reports on his recent visits to British military sites

	The Writer's Barnstar
	For all your contributions. You were the reason I joined Wikipedia, and I'm eternally grateful. AdmiralAckbar1977 ( talk) 18:28, 25 January 2023 (UTC) reply

Your Military History Newsletter Project news: From the editors; awards and honours; contest results Articles: Last month's new featured and A-class content Book review: Hawkeye7 on translation and Eisenhower's armies Review essay: Catlemur on military museums in Athens