This article is a continuation from one that Hawkeye developed on
American logistics in the Northern France campaign, and covers the period from September to December 1944. As the volume of material was considerable, he split the article into two parts; one about transportation, and one about supply. For much of the Siegfried campaign problems transporting supplies to the troops were a significant constraint on American operations, but these were eventually overcome, preparing the way for the final assault on Germany in 1945.
Another in HF's series on American Civil War battles, this episode took place on July 4, 1863, near
Helena, Arkansas.
Union troops had captured the city in July 1862, and had been using it as a base of operations. Over 7,500
Confederate troops attempted to capture Helena in hopes of relieving some of the pressure on the Confederate army besieged in
Vicksburg, Mississippi. Despite being outnumbered, the 4,100 Union troops defeated the Confederates' poorly coordinated attacks and inflicted heavy casualties. Union troops subsequently used Helena as a waypoint for their successful campaign to capture
Little Rock, Arkansas.
Hove War Memorial is a
First World War memorial designed by
Sir Edwin Lutyens and located on Grand Avenue in
Hove, part of the city of
Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. Hove was the site of one of the earliest recruiting events at the beginning of the war and later of several military hospitals. Over 600 men from the town were killed during the war, a quarter of them from the local regiment alone. A war memorial committee was established in 1919 and Lutyens was engaged as architect, designing a
Tuscan column on a three-staged base, topped with a statue of
Saint George, patron saint of England. George, cast in the studio of
Sir George Frampton, holds a sword by the blade in one hand and a shield in the other. The same statue, with variations, appears on several of Frampton's other monuments, including
Fordham War Memorial in Cambridgeshire, also by Lutyens. The base contains several dedicatory inscriptions but no names, which are instead recorded on plaques in the town's library.
A Welsh scientist and authority on
biological warfare (BW), David Kelly (1944–2003) was one of the
UN's chief weapons inspectors in Iraq. A year after the publication of the
2002 dossier on Iraqi
weapons of mass destruction—which stated that some of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons could be deployed within 45 minutes—Kelly had an
off-the-record conversation with a
BBC journalist; the BBC broadcast that the 45-minute claim was included at the insistence of
Alastair Campbell, the
Downing Street Director of Communications. Kelly denied he said Campbell had forced in the reference, and the government complained to the BBC, who refused to recant. Kelly informed managers in the
Ministry of Defence that he may have been the source, but did not think he was the only one, as the BBC had reported points he had not mentioned. Kelly's name became known to the media, and he was called to appear before a parliamentary
select committee. Two days later he was found dead near his home, an apparent suicide.
Another in Gog's series on the
Punic Wars, his succinct description being "
Hannibal arrives in Roman Italy and inflicts 100% casualties on a Roman army in a single day. A defeat simply begging for an adjective." It took place when Hannibal's
Carthaginians ambushed the Romans under
Gaius Flaminius in June 217 BC, on the north shore of
Lake Trasimene, during the
Second Punic War. With the Carthaginians attacking unexpectedly from the flank and the rear, there was no chance for the Romans to form even a rudimentary fighting line and they were defeated after three hours' hard fighting. The trap failed to close on the 6,000 Romans at the front of the column, who escaped; later that day they were surrounded by pursuing Carthaginians and surrendered. Thus all 25,000 Romans in Flaminius's army were killed or captured. This destruction of an entire army as a result of such an ambush is widely considered a unique occurrence. For good measure, a few days later the Carthaginians wiped out the entire
cavalry force of a second Roman army.
Constantine (
Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος; born between 855 and
c. 865, died 3 September 879) was a junior
Byzantine emperor, alongside
Basil I as the senior emperor, from January 868 to 3 September 879. Constantine was made co-emperor by Basil in
c. January 868. Constantine was the intended heir of Basil and as such received much attention from him and accompanied him on military campaigns, including one in
Syria, for which he shared a
triumph. In comparison, his younger brother,
Leo VI (
r. 886–912), was made co-emperor merely to secure the imperial lineage and bolster legitimacy. However, Constantine died of fever on 3 September 879, before his father. After his death, Leo became the primary heir, and another brother,
Alexander (
r. 912–913), was raised to co-emperor.
This article is a continuation from one that Hawkeye developed on
American logistics in the Northern France campaign, and covers the period from September to December 1944. As the volume of material was considerable, he split the article into two parts; one about transportation, and one about supply. For much of the Siegfried campaign problems transporting supplies to the troops were a significant constraint on American operations, but these were eventually overcome, preparing the way for the final assault on Germany in 1945.
Another in HF's series on American Civil War battles, this episode took place on July 4, 1863, near
Helena, Arkansas.
Union troops had captured the city in July 1862, and had been using it as a base of operations. Over 7,500
Confederate troops attempted to capture Helena in hopes of relieving some of the pressure on the Confederate army besieged in
Vicksburg, Mississippi. Despite being outnumbered, the 4,100 Union troops defeated the Confederates' poorly coordinated attacks and inflicted heavy casualties. Union troops subsequently used Helena as a waypoint for their successful campaign to capture
Little Rock, Arkansas.
Hove War Memorial is a
First World War memorial designed by
Sir Edwin Lutyens and located on Grand Avenue in
Hove, part of the city of
Brighton and Hove, on the south coast of England. Hove was the site of one of the earliest recruiting events at the beginning of the war and later of several military hospitals. Over 600 men from the town were killed during the war, a quarter of them from the local regiment alone. A war memorial committee was established in 1919 and Lutyens was engaged as architect, designing a
Tuscan column on a three-staged base, topped with a statue of
Saint George, patron saint of England. George, cast in the studio of
Sir George Frampton, holds a sword by the blade in one hand and a shield in the other. The same statue, with variations, appears on several of Frampton's other monuments, including
Fordham War Memorial in Cambridgeshire, also by Lutyens. The base contains several dedicatory inscriptions but no names, which are instead recorded on plaques in the town's library.
A Welsh scientist and authority on
biological warfare (BW), David Kelly (1944–2003) was one of the
UN's chief weapons inspectors in Iraq. A year after the publication of the
2002 dossier on Iraqi
weapons of mass destruction—which stated that some of Iraq's chemical and biological weapons could be deployed within 45 minutes—Kelly had an
off-the-record conversation with a
BBC journalist; the BBC broadcast that the 45-minute claim was included at the insistence of
Alastair Campbell, the
Downing Street Director of Communications. Kelly denied he said Campbell had forced in the reference, and the government complained to the BBC, who refused to recant. Kelly informed managers in the
Ministry of Defence that he may have been the source, but did not think he was the only one, as the BBC had reported points he had not mentioned. Kelly's name became known to the media, and he was called to appear before a parliamentary
select committee. Two days later he was found dead near his home, an apparent suicide.
Another in Gog's series on the
Punic Wars, his succinct description being "
Hannibal arrives in Roman Italy and inflicts 100% casualties on a Roman army in a single day. A defeat simply begging for an adjective." It took place when Hannibal's
Carthaginians ambushed the Romans under
Gaius Flaminius in June 217 BC, on the north shore of
Lake Trasimene, during the
Second Punic War. With the Carthaginians attacking unexpectedly from the flank and the rear, there was no chance for the Romans to form even a rudimentary fighting line and they were defeated after three hours' hard fighting. The trap failed to close on the 6,000 Romans at the front of the column, who escaped; later that day they were surrounded by pursuing Carthaginians and surrendered. Thus all 25,000 Romans in Flaminius's army were killed or captured. This destruction of an entire army as a result of such an ambush is widely considered a unique occurrence. For good measure, a few days later the Carthaginians wiped out the entire
cavalry force of a second Roman army.
Constantine (
Greek: Κωνσταντῖνος; born between 855 and
c. 865, died 3 September 879) was a junior
Byzantine emperor, alongside
Basil I as the senior emperor, from January 868 to 3 September 879. Constantine was made co-emperor by Basil in
c. January 868. Constantine was the intended heir of Basil and as such received much attention from him and accompanied him on military campaigns, including one in
Syria, for which he shared a
triumph. In comparison, his younger brother,
Leo VI (
r. 886–912), was made co-emperor merely to secure the imperial lineage and bolster legitimacy. However, Constantine died of fever on 3 September 879, before his father. After his death, Leo became the primary heir, and another brother,
Alexander (
r. 912–913), was raised to co-emperor.
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The Philae temple complex by Diego Delso
_R%C3%A1k%C3%B3czi_(1593-1648)_-_Rembrandt_van_Rijn_%26_Jan_Gillisz._van_Vliet.jpg)
