MKX

MKX
Identifiers
Aliases	MKX, C10orf48, IFRX, IRXL1, mohawk homeobox
External IDs	OMIM: 601332; MGI: 2687286; HomoloGene: 72239; GeneCards: MKX; OMA: MKX - orthologs
Gene location ( Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 10 (human)
End	27,746,060 bp
Gene location ( Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 18 (mouse)
End	7,004,780 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	Achilles tendon; ; endothelial cell; ; right coronary artery; ; prostate; ; popliteal artery; ; tibial arteries; ; testicle; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; anterior pituitary; ; left coronary artery;
	Top expressed in
	hand; ; cumulus cell; ; somite; ; foot; ; genital tubercle; ; lacrimal gland; ; female urethra; ; tail of embryo; ; desmocranium; ; calvaria;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	sequence-specific DNA binding; DNA binding; DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific;
Cellular component	nucleus;
Biological process	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; muscle organ development; multicellular organism development; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	283078
	210719
	ENSG00000150051
	ENSMUSG00000061013
	Q8IYA7
	Q8BIA3
	NM_001242702; NM_173576
	NM_177595
	NP_001229631; NP_775847
	NP_808263
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX (mohawk homeobox) gene.^[5] MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain.^[5]^[6]

Function

MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen.^[7] MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation.^[8]

Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis. Collagen fibres in tendons become more dense and thick following mechanical stimulation as a result of exercise,^[9] and MKX is essential in this mechanosensory process.^[10]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150051 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061013 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: mohawk homeobox".
^ Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671. PMID 16408284. S2CID 29018840.
^ Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, Ueno-Kudoh H, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Nishida K, Akimoto T, Takahashi M, Miyaki S, Asahara H (June 2010). "The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (23): 10538–42. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..10710538I. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000525107. PMC 2890854. PMID 20498044.
^ Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H (July 2014). "The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation". The FEBS Journal. 281 (13): 2990–3003. doi: 10.1111/febs.12837. PMID 24814716. S2CID 19733342.
^ Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H (August 2013). "Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 65 (8): 2081–9. doi: 10.1002/art.38020. PMC 3840305. PMID 23686683.
^ Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, Ichinose S, Saito M, Marumo K, Asahara H (April 2016). "Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 36 (8): 1297–309. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00950-15. PMC 4836271. PMID 26884464.

Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, Bieber FR, Morton CC (September 1994). "Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening". Genomics. 23 (1): 42–50. doi: 10.1006/geno.1994.1457. PMID 7829101.
Weinmann A, Galle PR, Teufel A (September 2005). "In silico characterization of an Iroquois family-related homeodomain protein". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 16 (3): 443–8. doi: 10.3892/ijmm.16.3.443. PMID 16077953.
Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671. PMID 16408284. S2CID 29018840.
Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, Stenius A, Lewin E, Björling E, Asplund A, Pontén F, Brismar H, Uhlén M, Andersson-Svahn H (March 2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 7 (3): 499–508. doi: 10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200. PMID 18029348.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 10 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150051 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061013 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: mohawk homeobox".

[pmid16408284-6] Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20671. PMID 16408284. S2CID 29018840.

[7] Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, Ueno-Kudoh H, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Nishida K, Akimoto T, Takahashi M, Miyaki S, Asahara H (June 2010). "The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (23): 10538–42. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..10710538I. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1000525107. PMC 2890854. PMID 20498044.

[8] Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H (July 2014). "The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation". The FEBS Journal. 281 (13): 2990–3003. doi: 10.1111/febs.12837. PMID 24814716. S2CID 19733342.

[9] Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H (August 2013). "Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 65 (8): 2081–9. doi: 10.1002/art.38020. PMC 3840305. PMID 23686683.

[10] Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, Ichinose S, Saito M, Marumo K, Asahara H (April 2016). "Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 36 (8): 1297–309. doi: 10.1128/MCB.00950-15. PMC 4836271. PMID 26884464.

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