HELP:IPA PASHTO

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Pashto on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Pashto in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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H:IPA-PS

The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents Pashto pronunciations with the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Pashto phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.

Consonants
IPA				Letter	Usual romanization	English approximation
NW	NE	SW	SE	Letter	Usual romanization	English approximation
b				ب	b	bed
d				د	d	day
z		d͡z		ځ	dz	lads
d͡ʒ				ج	j	jam
ɖ				ډ	ḍ	day (retroflex)
f				ف	f	fun
ɡ				ګ	g	go
ɣ				غ	ğ, ǧ	back (without voicing)
h				ه ح	h	hat
j				ي	y	yes
k				ک	k	king
l				ل	l	left
m				م	m	man
n				ن	n	no
ŋ				ن	n	song
ɳ				ڼ	ṇ	no (retroflex)
p				پ	p	spit
q				ق	q	cool (without voicing)
r				ﺭ	r	run
ɺ, ɻ, ɽ				ړ	ṛ	run (retroflex)
s				س ث ص	s	see
ʃ				ش	š	she
ç	x	ʂ	ʃ	ښ	x̌, ṣ̌	she (retroflex)
t				ت ط	t	top
s		t͡s		څ	c, ts	cats
t͡ʃ				چ	č	chin
ʈ				ټ	ṭ	top (retroflex)
w				و	w	win
x				خ	x	Bach (German)
z				ز ذ ض ظ	z	zoo
ʒ	d͡ʒ	ʒ		ژ	ž	pleasure
ʝ	ɡ	ʐ	ʒ	ږ	ǵ, ẓ̌	genre
◌̃				ں	̃ , ń	song

Marginal consonant
IPA	Letter	Usual romanization	English approximation
ʔ	ع ء	', ɂ	water (glottalized)

Vowels
IPA	Letter	Usual romanization	English approximation
a	َ ه	a	art
ɑ	آ َا	ā	art
e	ې	e	egg
ə	ٙ ۀ	ə	comma
ɪ	ِ	i	it
i	ِي	i, ī	it
o	و	o	old
ʊ	ُ	u	root
u	ُو	u, ū	root

Diphthongss
IPA	Letter	Usual romanization	English approximation
ai	َی	ay	ice
ɑi	آی َای	āy	ice
əi	ٙۍ ٙئ	əy	price
aw	َو	aw	loud
ɑw	آو َاو	āw	loud
oɪ	وی	oy	boy
uɪ	ُوی	uy	sweet

Stress
IPA	Usual romanization	English approximation
ˈ	´	about

v t e International Phonetic Alphabet keys
Adyghe Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Modern Standard Egyptian Hejazi Lebanese Tunisian Armenian Assamese Asturian Australian languages Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Breton Bulgarian Burmese Catalan / Valencian Standard Insular Chinese Mandarin Cantonese Hokkien Jin Wu Xiang Corsican Czech Danish Dari Dutch English Old English Emilian-Romagnol Esperanto Estonian Extremaduran Fijian Finnish Franco-Provençal French Galician Georgian German Standard Alemannic Colognian Greek Greenlandic Gujarati Haitian Creole Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Inuktitut Inupiaq Irish Isan Italian Central Japanese Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish Kyrgyz Lakota Lao Latin Latvian Ligurian Lithuanian Lombard Luxembourgish Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Manx Māori Marathi Marshallese Mauritian Creole Mayan Mongolian Mirandese Nahuatl Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Northern Thai Norwegian Occitan Odia Pashto Persian Piedmontese Polish Portuguese Punjabi Quechua Romanian Romansh Russian Sanskrit Sardinian Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Shan Sicilian Slovak Slovene Sorbian Spanish Swahili Swazi Swedish Sylheti Tagalog Tai Lue Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Tlingit Turkish Turkmen Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Venetian Vietnamese Walloon Welsh West Frisian Xhosa Yiddish Yoruba Zhuang Zulu
Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
Introductory guides	Symbols For English speakers Manual of Style: Pronunciation

v t e International Phonetic Alphabet keys
Adyghe Afrikaans Albanian Amharic Arabic Modern Standard Egyptian Hejazi Lebanese Tunisian Armenian Assamese Asturian Australian languages Azerbaijani Basque Belarusian Bengali Berber Breton Bulgarian Burmese Catalan / Valencian Standard Insular Chinese Mandarin Cantonese Hokkien Jin Wu Xiang Corsican Czech Danish Dari Dutch English Old English Emilian-Romagnol Esperanto Estonian Extremaduran Fijian Finnish Franco-Provençal French Galician Georgian German Standard Alemannic Colognian Greek Greenlandic Gujarati Haitian Creole Hawaiian Hebrew Hindi Hmong Hungarian Icelandic Igbo Indonesian Inuktitut Inupiaq Irish Isan Italian Central Japanese Kazakh Khmer Korean Kurdish Kyrgyz Lakota Lao Latin Latvian Ligurian Lithuanian Lombard Luxembourgish Macedonian Malagasy Malay Malayalam Maltese Manx Māori Marathi Marshallese Mauritian Creole Mayan Mongolian Mirandese Nahuatl Navajo Neapolitan Nepali Northern Thai Norwegian Occitan Odia Pashto Persian Piedmontese Polish Portuguese Punjabi Quechua Romanian Romansh Russian Sanskrit Sardinian Scottish Gaelic Serbo-Croatian Shan Sicilian Slovak Slovene Sorbian Spanish Swahili Swazi Swedish Sylheti Tagalog Tai Lue Tajik Tamil Tatar Telugu Thai Tibetan Tigrinya Tlingit Turkish Turkmen Ukrainian Urdu Uzbek Venetian Vietnamese Walloon Welsh West Frisian Xhosa Yiddish Yoruba Zhuang Zulu
Comparisons	IPA conventions for English English dialects Wikipedia pronunciation respelling Other English pronunciation respellings
Introductory guides	Symbols For English speakers Manual of Style: Pronunciation

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