Consonants
[1]
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
nci
|
nhe
|
nlv
|
ʔ
[2]
|
h
[3]
|
tlahtōlli, ahki, ehēkatl, ihīya
|
nci: uh-oh
nhe &
nlv: ahead
|
j
|
yāōtl, yōllōtl, āmēyalli
|
yellow
|
k
[4]
|
h
[5]
|
k
[6]
|
tikchīwah, niknōtsas
|
nci &
nlv: scan
nhe: ahead
|
k
[7]
|
kōlōtl, kalli, kēski, ātōyāk
|
scan
|
kʷ
[8]
|
k
[9]
|
tēkwtli, nekwtli
|
nci: squall
nhe &
nlv: scan
|
kʷ
[10]
|
kwalli, mokwi, kwetlaxtli
|
squall
|
l
[11]
|
lichīnia, alaxox, pīwilia
|
clear l as in leave
|
ɬ
[12]
|
mātlālki, nokal, axkwallākatl
|
Welsh llwyd
|
m
|
mistli, kōmitl, kwamekatl
|
man
|
n
[13]
|
nāntsin, nemi, kanah
|
nose
|
n̥
[14]
|
—
|
ŋ
[15]
|
inōn, tlālpan, Āmatitlan
|
nci: Welsh fy nhad
nlv: sing
|
ŋ
[16]
|
kenke, tlanki, Tōllāntsinko
|
sing
|
p
[17]
|
pitsotl, nopa, wīptla
|
span
|
s̻
|
sōlin, tlasalōlli, mōstla
|
sack
|
ʃ
|
xowitl, kaxitl, xāmitl, Xālīxko
|
shoe
|
t
[18]
|
tīsatl, tlākatki, moīxtēnno
|
stand
|
t͡ɬ
[19]
|
tlālli, tlitl, chīchīwalātl
|
stop + Welsh llwyd (pronouncing both simultaneously will produce a clicking sound)
|
t͡ʃ
[20]
|
chāntli, tōchin, chokolātl
|
choo
|
t͡s
[21]
|
tsahtsi, tsotso, wītsilin
|
cats
|
w
[22]
|
β
[23]
|
kichīwa, mēwa, kitlapōwia
|
nci &
nhe: witch
nlv: van
|
ɸ
[24]
|
ihwitl, yehwān, ilwitl, nokalwan
|
nci &
nhe: witch
nlv: leaf
|
ʍ
[25]
|
h
[26]
|
tōnatiw, kwāwtli, mochīwkeh
|
nci: which (
as "hwich")
nhe &
nlv: ahead
|
Marginal phonemes
[27]
|
IPA
|
Examples
|
English approximation
|
b
|
botōntik, bokol
|
about
|
β
|
ēbofotōn, hoēbes
|
about, but without lips completely closed
|
d
|
desfilāroa, dīskoh
|
today
|
ð
|
presidēnteh
|
this
|
ɸ
|
fōlsahyōtl, fiolin, fiērohtik
|
leaf
|
ɡ
|
gayētah, teposgarrōteh
|
again
|
ɣ
|
kikastigāroa, kigānchohwia
|
again, but without the tongue touching the roof of the mouth
|
ɲ
|
kwamoñēkoh, piñātah
|
canyon
|
r
|
wirrīni, rerrechoka
|
trilled r
|
ɾ
|
rowēnteh, pohreāroh
|
atom (with
flapping)
|
|
Vowels
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximation
|
a
|
astatl, kalli
|
bra
|
aː
|
āmatl, siwātl
|
(long a)
|
ɛ
[28]
|
epatl, metl
|
length
|
ɛː
|
ēli, mētstli
|
mate
|
i
[29]
|
itskwīntli, xilin
|
city
|
iː
|
īpanpa, tomīn
|
see
|
o
[30]
|
nokka, tolōntik
|
go
[31]
|
oː
|
ōllama, mōlli
|
go
|
Stress
|
ˈ
|
Primary stress
[32] Placed immediately before the stressed syllable.
|
Diacritics
|
◌ˀ
|
wāki [ˈwaːkɪˀ]
|
Glottal stop
[33]
|
◌̥
|
xālloh [ˈʃaːlːoo̥]
|
Devoiced vowel
[34]
|
◌̃
|
Tōllān [ˈtoːlːãː]
|
Nasal vowel
[35]
|
Other representations
|
( )
|
tlahtoāni [t͡ɬahtu(w)aːnɪˀ]
|
Optional sound
[36]
|
Orthography
[37]
|
INALI
|
SEP
|
ACK
|
Jesuit
|
tlahtohkeh
|
tlajtojkej
|
tlahtohqueh
|
tlàtòquê
|
teohkalli, kēmman
|
teojkali, keman
|
teohcalli, quēmman
|
teòcalli, quēnman
|
nekwtsin,
mākkwawitl
|
neuktsin, majkuauitl
|
neuctzin, māccuahuitl
|
neuctzin, mācquahuitl
|
astēkah, ahso, sintli
|
astekaj, ajso, sintli
|
aztēcah, ahzo, cintli
|
aztēcâ, àço, cintli
|
Wītsilōpōchtli,
xiwpōwalli
|
Uitsilopochtli, xiujpouali
|
Huītzilōpōchtli, xiuhpōhualli
|
|