From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
  IPA   Examples English approximation
b bâs bow
ç [1] examples needed hue
d dinar doe
ð [2] examples needed then
f [2] fèna foe
ɡ gran go
ɡʲ [2] dz ghoral goods
jazz
ɟ ague
ʒ measure
h [1] [2] examples needed happy
k kilô sky
[2] c chalor skew
ʃ show
ts hats
change
l lârro low
ʎ lyata roughly like million
m mira mow
n nâs no
ɲ examples needed roughly like canyon
ŋ examples needed parking
p pâre spy
r [3] r curâ atom ( GA)
ʁ roughly like loch ( Scotland)
s [2] sôré so
t tanta stow
θ [2] examples needed thin
v [2] savuc vote
z [2] zérô zoo
Vowels
Oral Nasal
  IPA   Examples English approximation   IPA   Examples English approximation
a tina pasta ɑ̃ [4] chançon croissant ( GA) or coq au vin
ɑ pâta bra
e examples needed clay ɛ̃ vent length
ɛ libertá festival
i examples needed see ĩ examples needed ring
ə examples needed again œ̃ examples needed nasalized [ œ
œ examples needed roughly like shirt ( RP)
ø examples needed
o examples needed sole ( GA), sword ( RP) ɔ̃ [5] chançon croissant ( RP)
ɔ examples needed off
u examples needed zoo ũ examples needed nasalized [ u
y blu roughly like cute examples needed nasalized [ y
Semivowels
  IPA   Examples English approximation
j vreyer yet
w examples needed wet
ɥ examples needed simultaneous yet and wet
 
Other symbols
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ examples needed primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable) [6]
. examples needed syllable break (placed between the syllables)

Notes

  1. ^ a b /h/ varies in realization: [ h, [ x and [ ç (the latter also a realization of other phonemes) all occur.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i There appears to be considerable variation among [dz], [dʒ], [ʒ], and [ɟ], as well as among [ts], [tʃ], [ʃ], and [c], as a result of the palatalization of /ɡ/ (or /d/) and /k/ (or /t/), respectively. Other possible realizations, which also occur separately, are [ ð, [ v, [ z for the voiced phoneme and [ θ, [ f, [ s, [ h for the voiceless one.
  3. ^ The most common pronunciations include [ ʁ, [ ʀ and [ χ, albeit in many regions as well as in Switzerland and Italy the older [ r is still very common.
  4. ^ Also realized as [ æ̃.
  5. ^ Also realized as [ ɒ̃.
  6. ^ Stress always falls on one of the final two syllables.

See also

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Franco-Provençal (also known as Arpitan) pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

Consonants
  IPA   Examples English approximation
b bâs bow
ç [1] examples needed hue
d dinar doe
ð [2] examples needed then
f [2] fèna foe
ɡ gran go
ɡʲ [2] dz ghoral goods
jazz
ɟ ague
ʒ measure
h [1] [2] examples needed happy
k kilô sky
[2] c chalor skew
ʃ show
ts hats
change
l lârro low
ʎ lyata roughly like million
m mira mow
n nâs no
ɲ examples needed roughly like canyon
ŋ examples needed parking
p pâre spy
r [3] r curâ atom ( GA)
ʁ roughly like loch ( Scotland)
s [2] sôré so
t tanta stow
θ [2] examples needed thin
v [2] savuc vote
z [2] zérô zoo
Vowels
Oral Nasal
  IPA   Examples English approximation   IPA   Examples English approximation
a tina pasta ɑ̃ [4] chançon croissant ( GA) or coq au vin
ɑ pâta bra
e examples needed clay ɛ̃ vent length
ɛ libertá festival
i examples needed see ĩ examples needed ring
ə examples needed again œ̃ examples needed nasalized [ œ
œ examples needed roughly like shirt ( RP)
ø examples needed
o examples needed sole ( GA), sword ( RP) ɔ̃ [5] chançon croissant ( RP)
ɔ examples needed off
u examples needed zoo ũ examples needed nasalized [ u
y blu roughly like cute examples needed nasalized [ y
Semivowels
  IPA   Examples English approximation
j vreyer yet
w examples needed wet
ɥ examples needed simultaneous yet and wet
 
Other symbols
IPA Examples Explanation
ˈ examples needed primary stress (placed before the stressed syllable) [6]
. examples needed syllable break (placed between the syllables)

Notes

  1. ^ a b /h/ varies in realization: [ h, [ x and [ ç (the latter also a realization of other phonemes) all occur.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i There appears to be considerable variation among [dz], [dʒ], [ʒ], and [ɟ], as well as among [ts], [tʃ], [ʃ], and [c], as a result of the palatalization of /ɡ/ (or /d/) and /k/ (or /t/), respectively. Other possible realizations, which also occur separately, are [ ð, [ v, [ z for the voiced phoneme and [ θ, [ f, [ s, [ h for the voiceless one.
  3. ^ The most common pronunciations include [ ʁ, [ ʀ and [ χ, albeit in many regions as well as in Switzerland and Italy the older [ r is still very common.
  4. ^ Also realized as [ æ̃.
  5. ^ Also realized as [ ɒ̃.
  6. ^ Stress always falls on one of the final two syllables.

See also


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