The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spokenlanguages. The sound is transcribed in the
International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʒ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʤ⟩), or in some
broad transcriptions⟨ɟ⟩, and the equivalent
X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩, and ⟨dž⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in jump.
Features
Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate:
Its
manner of articulation is
sibilantaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency
turbulence.
[dʒ] occurs when letter 'G' is before front vowels [e], [i] and [ɛ], while when 'G' is in front of vowels [o], [a], [u] and [ɔ] the phoneme changes to a
voiced velar plosive.
/ɖ͡ʐ/ and /d͡ʑ/ merge into [d͡ʒ] in these dialects. In standard Polish, /d͡ʒ/ is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal
voiced retroflex affricate.
Its
manner of articulation is
affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its
place of articulation is
postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
Its
phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an
oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a
central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 227–232,
doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756
The voiced palato-alveolar sibilant affricate, voiced post-alveolar affricate or voiced domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spokenlanguages. The sound is transcribed in the
International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨d͡ʒ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʤ⟩), or in some
broad transcriptions⟨ɟ⟩, and the equivalent
X-SAMPA representation is dZ. Alternatives commonly used in linguistic works, particularly in older or American literature, are ⟨ǰ⟩, ⟨ǧ⟩, ⟨ǯ⟩, and ⟨dž⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in jump.
Features
Features of the voiced postalveolar affricate:
Its
manner of articulation is
sibilantaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency
turbulence.
[dʒ] occurs when letter 'G' is before front vowels [e], [i] and [ɛ], while when 'G' is in front of vowels [o], [a], [u] and [ɔ] the phoneme changes to a
voiced velar plosive.
/ɖ͡ʐ/ and /d͡ʑ/ merge into [d͡ʒ] in these dialects. In standard Polish, /d͡ʒ/ is commonly used to transcribe what actually is a laminal
voiced retroflex affricate.
Its
manner of articulation is
affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
Its
place of articulation is
postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge.
Its
phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an
oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
It is a
central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Barbosa, Plínio A.; Albano, Eleonora C. (2004), "Brazilian Portuguese", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 227–232,
doi:10.1017/S0025100304001756