Voiced retroflex fricative | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʐ | |||
IPA Number | 137 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʐ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0290 | ||
X-SAMPA | z` | ||
Braille | |||
|
The voiced retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spoken
languages. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʐ ⟩, and the equivalent
X-SAMPA symbol is z`
. Like all the
retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a z (the letter used for the corresponding
alveolar consonant).
Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant:
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ʐ̺] and laminal [ʐ̻].
The commonality of [ʐ] cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages [1]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz | абжа/abža | [ˈabʐa] | 'half' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
Adyghe | жъы / jı / ظہـ | ⓘ | 'old' | Laminal. | |
Awetí [2] | [pɨtiˈʐɨk˺] | 'to pray' | Diachronically related to [ ɾ] and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for [ ɾ] where there is [ʐ] now, the latter sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in Waurá. [2] | ||
Chinese | Changshu dialect | 常熟 | /dʐan ʐɔʔ/ [tʂʱä̃233 ʐɔʔ23] (without tone sandhi) | 'Changshu' | Pronounced [ʂʱ] when occurring at the first syllable. A native Wu Chinese speaker may reduce it a sound closer to a retroflex approximant [ɻ] (similar to the Standard Mandarin r) when trying to force a unnatural voiced pronunciation on the first syllable. |
Faroese | renn | [ʐɛn] | 'run' | ||
Lower Sorbian [3] [4] | Łužyca | [ˈwuʐɨt͡sa] | ' Lusatia' | ||
Mapudungun [5] | rayen | [ʐɜˈjën] | 'flower' | May be [ ɻ] or [ ɭ] instead. [5] | |
Marrithiyel | Marri Tjevin dialect | [wiˈɲaʐu] | 'they are laughing' | Voicing is non-contrastive. | |
Mehináku [6] | [ɨˈʐũte] | 'parrot' | Resulted from the voicing of /ʂ/ in between vowels. [6] | ||
Pashto | Southern dialect | تږى/tâjai | [ˈtəʐai] | 'thirsty' | See Pashto phonology |
Polish | Standard [7] | żona | ⓘ | 'wife' | Also represented orthographically by ⟨rz⟩ and, when written so, may be instead pronounced as the raised alveolar non-sonorant trill by few speakers. [8] It is transcribed as /ʒ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology |
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects [9] | zapłacił | [ʐäˈpwät͡ɕiw] | 'he paid' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /ʐ/ and /z/ into [ z] (see Szadzenie). | |
Suwałki dialect [10] | |||||
Romagnol | diṣ | [ˈdiːʐ] | 'ten' | Apical; may be [ z̺ʲ] or [ ʒ] instead. | |
Russian [7] | жена/žena | ⓘ | 'wife' | See Russian phonology | |
Scottish Gaelic | South Barra, Vatersay, Tiree | air muir | [ɛʐ ˈmuʐ] | 'at sea' | Realised as a palatalised /ɾʲ/ in most dialects or as /ð/ in some other Hebridean dialects, particularly Lewis and South Uist. |
Serbo-Croatian | жут / žut | [ʐûːt̪] | 'yellow' | Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Shina | Gilgiti [11] | ڙَکُݨ / ẓakuṇ | [ʐəkuɳ] | 'donkey' | |
Kohistani | |||||
Slovak [12] | žaba | [ˈʐäbä] | 'frog' | ||
Spanish | Andean | hacer | [a'seʐ] | 'do' | The phoneme [r] changes to [ʐ], when it is at the end of a syllable |
marrón, ratón | [maˈʐon], [ʐa'ton] | 'brown', 'mouse' | See Spanish phonology | ||
Swedish | Central dialects | fri | [fʐi] | 'free' | Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as [r] or [ɾ]. See Swedish phonology |
Tilquiapan Zapotec [13] | ? | [ʐan] | 'bottom' | ||
Torwali [14] | ݜوڙ | [ʂuʐ] | 'straight' | ||
Ubykh | [ʐa] | 'firewood' | See Ubykh phonology | ||
Ukrainian | жaбa/žaba | [ˈʐɑbɐ] | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
Upper Sorbian | Some dialects [15] [16] | [ example needed] | Used in dialects spoken in villages north of Hoyerswerda; corresponds to [ ʒ] in the standard language. [3] | ||
Yi | ꏜ ry | [ʐʐ̩˧] | 'grass' |
Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | |
---|---|
ɻ̝ | |
ɻ˔ | |
IPA Number | 152 429 |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | r\`_r |
Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Eastern Cape [17] | red | [ɻ˔ed] | 'red' | Apical; typical realization of /r/ in that region. [17] See South African English phonology |
Voiced retroflex fricative | |||
---|---|---|---|
ʐ | |||
IPA Number | 137 | ||
Audio sample | |||
Encoding | |||
Entity (decimal) | ʐ | ||
Unicode (hex) | U+0290 | ||
X-SAMPA | z` | ||
Braille | |||
|
The voiced retroflex sibilant fricative is a type of
consonantal sound, used in some
spoken
languages. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ʐ ⟩, and the equivalent
X-SAMPA symbol is z`
. Like all the
retroflex consonants, the IPA symbol is formed by adding a rightward-pointing hook extending from the bottom of a z (the letter used for the corresponding
alveolar consonant).
Features of the voiced retroflex sibilant:
In the following transcriptions, diacritics may be used to distinguish between apical [ʐ̺] and laminal [ʐ̻].
The commonality of [ʐ] cross-linguistically is 2% in a phonological analysis of 2155 languages [1]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abkhaz | абжа/abža | [ˈabʐa] | 'half' | See Abkhaz phonology | |
Adyghe | жъы / jı / ظہـ | ⓘ | 'old' | Laminal. | |
Awetí [2] | [pɨtiˈʐɨk˺] | 'to pray' | Diachronically related to [ ɾ] and also to some other alveolar sounds in certain occasions. As word lists created in the 1900s appoint for [ ɾ] where there is [ʐ] now, the latter sound is supposed to be the result of a very recent sound change that is analogically happening in Waurá. [2] | ||
Chinese | Changshu dialect | 常熟 | /dʐan ʐɔʔ/ [tʂʱä̃233 ʐɔʔ23] (without tone sandhi) | 'Changshu' | Pronounced [ʂʱ] when occurring at the first syllable. A native Wu Chinese speaker may reduce it a sound closer to a retroflex approximant [ɻ] (similar to the Standard Mandarin r) when trying to force a unnatural voiced pronunciation on the first syllable. |
Faroese | renn | [ʐɛn] | 'run' | ||
Lower Sorbian [3] [4] | Łužyca | [ˈwuʐɨt͡sa] | ' Lusatia' | ||
Mapudungun [5] | rayen | [ʐɜˈjën] | 'flower' | May be [ ɻ] or [ ɭ] instead. [5] | |
Marrithiyel | Marri Tjevin dialect | [wiˈɲaʐu] | 'they are laughing' | Voicing is non-contrastive. | |
Mehináku [6] | [ɨˈʐũte] | 'parrot' | Resulted from the voicing of /ʂ/ in between vowels. [6] | ||
Pashto | Southern dialect | تږى/tâjai | [ˈtəʐai] | 'thirsty' | See Pashto phonology |
Polish | Standard [7] | żona | ⓘ | 'wife' | Also represented orthographically by ⟨rz⟩ and, when written so, may be instead pronounced as the raised alveolar non-sonorant trill by few speakers. [8] It is transcribed as /ʒ/ by most Polish scholars. See Polish phonology |
Southeastern Cuyavian dialects [9] | zapłacił | [ʐäˈpwät͡ɕiw] | 'he paid' | Some speakers. It is a result of hypercorrecting the more popular merger of /ʐ/ and /z/ into [ z] (see Szadzenie). | |
Suwałki dialect [10] | |||||
Romagnol | diṣ | [ˈdiːʐ] | 'ten' | Apical; may be [ z̺ʲ] or [ ʒ] instead. | |
Russian [7] | жена/žena | ⓘ | 'wife' | See Russian phonology | |
Scottish Gaelic | South Barra, Vatersay, Tiree | air muir | [ɛʐ ˈmuʐ] | 'at sea' | Realised as a palatalised /ɾʲ/ in most dialects or as /ð/ in some other Hebridean dialects, particularly Lewis and South Uist. |
Serbo-Croatian | жут / žut | [ʐûːt̪] | 'yellow' | Typically transcribed as /ʒ/. See Serbo-Croatian phonology | |
Shina | Gilgiti [11] | ڙَکُݨ / ẓakuṇ | [ʐəkuɳ] | 'donkey' | |
Kohistani | |||||
Slovak [12] | žaba | [ˈʐäbä] | 'frog' | ||
Spanish | Andean | hacer | [a'seʐ] | 'do' | The phoneme [r] changes to [ʐ], when it is at the end of a syllable |
marrón, ratón | [maˈʐon], [ʐa'ton] | 'brown', 'mouse' | See Spanish phonology | ||
Swedish | Central dialects | fri | [fʐi] | 'free' | Allophone of /ɹ/. Also may be pronounced as [r] or [ɾ]. See Swedish phonology |
Tilquiapan Zapotec [13] | ? | [ʐan] | 'bottom' | ||
Torwali [14] | ݜوڙ | [ʂuʐ] | 'straight' | ||
Ubykh | [ʐa] | 'firewood' | See Ubykh phonology | ||
Ukrainian | жaбa/žaba | [ˈʐɑbɐ] | 'frog' | See Ukrainian phonology | |
Upper Sorbian | Some dialects [15] [16] | [ example needed] | Used in dialects spoken in villages north of Hoyerswerda; corresponds to [ ʒ] in the standard language. [3] | ||
Yi | ꏜ ry | [ʐʐ̩˧] | 'grass' |
Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative | |
---|---|
ɻ̝ | |
ɻ˔ | |
IPA Number | 152 429 |
Encoding | |
X-SAMPA | r\`_r |
Features of the voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative:
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
English | Eastern Cape [17] | red | [ɻ˔ed] | 'red' | Apical; typical realization of /r/ in that region. [17] See South African English phonology |