Nasal lateral velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǁ ŋ͡ʖ | |
ᵑǁ ᵑʖ | |
ǁ̃ ʖ̃ |
Nasal lateral uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǁ ɴ͡ʖ | |
ᶰǁ ᶰʖ |
The lateral nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal lateral click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǁ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǁ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǁ⟩, ⟨ᵑǁ⟩ or ⟨ǁ̃⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ŋ͡ʖ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʖ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋʖ⟩, ⟨ᵑʖ⟩ or ⟨ʖ̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǁ, ɴ͜ǁ, ɴǁ, ᶰǁ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ʖ, ɴ͜ʖ, ɴʖ, ᶰʖ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǁŋ⟩ or ⟨ǁᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [1]
Features of the lateral nasal click:
Lateral nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages. [2] [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
ǃKung | nǁan | [ᵑǁàŋ] = [ᵑʖàŋ] | ' marama bean' |
!Xóõ | ǁnáã | [ᵑǁɑ́ɑ̃] = [ᵑʖɑ́ɑ̃] | ' grewia berry' |
Hadza | konxa | [koᵑǁa] = [koᵑʖa] | 'to be a pair' |
Zulu | inxeba | [iᵑǁɛ́ːɓa] = [iᵑʖɛ́ːɓa] | 'wound' |
Glottalized lateral nasal click | |
---|---|
ǁ̃ˀ | |
ᵑǁ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǁˀ | |
ʖ̃͜ʔ | |
ᵑʖˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | slaxxa | [ɬaᵑǁˀa] = [ɬaᵑʖˀa] | 'a split' |
Khoekhoe | tsoatsoaǁaposa | [tsȍàtsòȁᵑǁˀàpòsa̋] = [tsȍàtsòȁᵑʖˀàpòsa̋] | 'principled' |
Xhosa | inkxumo | [iᵑǁˀumo] = [iᵑʖˀumo] | 'a support' |
Nasal lateral velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǁ ŋ͡ʖ | |
ᵑǁ ᵑʖ | |
ǁ̃ ʖ̃ |
Nasal lateral uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǁ ɴ͡ʖ | |
ᶰǁ ᶰʖ |
The lateral nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal lateral click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǁ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǁ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǁ⟩, ⟨ᵑǁ⟩ or ⟨ǁ̃⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ŋ͡ʖ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʖ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋʖ⟩, ⟨ᵑʖ⟩ or ⟨ʖ̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǁ, ɴ͜ǁ, ɴǁ, ᶰǁ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ʖ, ɴ͜ʖ, ɴʖ, ᶰʖ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǁŋ⟩ or ⟨ǁᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [1]
Features of the lateral nasal click:
Lateral nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages. [2] [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
ǃKung | nǁan | [ᵑǁàŋ] = [ᵑʖàŋ] | ' marama bean' |
!Xóõ | ǁnáã | [ᵑǁɑ́ɑ̃] = [ᵑʖɑ́ɑ̃] | ' grewia berry' |
Hadza | konxa | [koᵑǁa] = [koᵑʖa] | 'to be a pair' |
Zulu | inxeba | [iᵑǁɛ́ːɓa] = [iᵑʖɛ́ːɓa] | 'wound' |
Glottalized lateral nasal click | |
---|---|
ǁ̃ˀ | |
ᵑǁ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǁˀ | |
ʖ̃͜ʔ | |
ᵑʖˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | slaxxa | [ɬaᵑǁˀa] = [ɬaᵑʖˀa] | 'a split' |
Khoekhoe | tsoatsoaǁaposa | [tsȍàtsòȁᵑǁˀàpòsa̋] = [tsȍàtsòȁᵑʖˀàpòsa̋] | 'principled' |
Xhosa | inkxumo | [iᵑǁˀumo] = [iᵑʖˀumo] | 'a support' |