| Voiceless bidental fricative | |
|---|---|
| h̪͆ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiceless bidental fricative is a rare consonantal sound found in one natural language, in the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe, where it appears as a variant of /x/. [1] [2]
People with hypoglossia (abnormally small tongue) may use it for target /s/.
Features
Features of the voiceless bidental fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bidental, which means it is articulated with the lower and upper teeth pressed together.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central– lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | Black Sea (Shapsug) dialect [1] [2] | дахэ | [daːh̪͆a] | 'pretty' | Corresponds to [x] in other dialects. |
See also
References
- ^ a b Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
- ^ a b Trask, R. L. (2004-08-02). A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-83101-2.
| Voiceless bidental fricative | |
|---|---|
| h̪͆ | |
| Audio sample | |
The voiceless bidental fricative is a rare consonantal sound found in one natural language, in the Shapsug dialect of Adyghe, where it appears as a variant of /x/. [1] [2]
People with hypoglossia (abnormally small tongue) may use it for target /s/.
Features
Features of the voiceless bidental fricative:
- Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
- Its place of articulation is bidental, which means it is articulated with the lower and upper teeth pressed together.
- Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
- It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
- Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central– lateral dichotomy does not apply.
- The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.
Occurrence
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adyghe | Black Sea (Shapsug) dialect [1] [2] | дахэ | [daːh̪͆a] | 'pretty' | Corresponds to [x] in other dialects. |
See also
References
- ^ a b Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 144–145. ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
- ^ a b Trask, R. L. (2004-08-02). A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-83101-2.
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||