Nasal dental velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǀ ŋ͡ʇ | |
ᵑǀ ᵑʇ | |
ǀ̃ ʇ̃ |
Nasal dental uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǀ ɴ͡ʇ | |
ᶰǀ ᶰʇ |
The dental nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. [1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal dental click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǀ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǀ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǀ⟩, ⟨ᵑǀ⟩ or ⟨ǀ̃⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ŋ͡ʇ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʇ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋʇ⟩, ⟨ᵑʇ⟩ or ⟨ʇ̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǀ, ɴ͜ǀ, ɴǀ, ᶰǀ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ʇ, ɴ͜ʇ, ɴʇ, ᶰʇ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǀŋ⟩ or ⟨ǀᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [2]
Features of the dental nasal click:
Dental nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages, such as Yeyi and Fwe. [3] [4]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | minca | [miᵑǀa] = [miᵑʇa] | 'to smack one's lips' |
Khoekhoe | ǀnam | [ᵑǀȁm̀] = [ᵑʇȁm̀] | 'to love' |
Zulu | incwancwa | [iᵑǀwáːᵑǀwa] = [iᵑʇwáːᵑʇwa] | 'sour corn meal' |
Glottalized dental nasal velar click | |
---|---|
ǀ̃͡ʔ | |
ᵑǀ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǀˀ | |
ʇ̃ˀ | |
ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | tacce | [taᵑǀˀe] = [taᵑʇˀe] | 'rope' |
Khoekhoe | ǀoroǀoro | [ᵑǀˀòɾőᵑǀˀòɾȍ] = [ᵑʇˀòɾőᵑʇˀòɾȍ] | 'to wear s.t. out' |
Naro | Xgaoc’õ | [ᵏǁχao̯ᵑǀˀõ] = [ᵏʖχao̯ᵑʇˀõ] | (personal name) |
Xhosa | umchankcatho | [umᵏǀʰaᵑǀˀatʰo] = [umᵏʇʰaᵑʇˀatʰo] | 'a bridge' |
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Nasal dental velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǀ ŋ͡ʇ | |
ᵑǀ ᵑʇ | |
ǀ̃ ʇ̃ |
Nasal dental uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǀ ɴ͡ʇ | |
ᶰǀ ᶰʇ |
The dental nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. [1] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal dental click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǀ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǀ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǀ⟩, ⟨ᵑǀ⟩ or ⟨ǀ̃⟩; a symbol abandoned by the IPA but still preferred by some linguists is ⟨ŋ͡ʇ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʇ⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋʇ⟩, ⟨ᵑʇ⟩ or ⟨ʇ̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǀ, ɴ͜ǀ, ɴǀ, ᶰǀ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡ʇ, ɴ͜ʇ, ɴʇ, ᶰʇ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǀŋ⟩ or ⟨ǀᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [2]
Features of the dental nasal click:
Dental nasal clicks are found primarily in the various Khoisan language families of southern Africa and in some neighboring Bantu languages, such as Yeyi and Fwe. [3] [4]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | minca | [miᵑǀa] = [miᵑʇa] | 'to smack one's lips' |
Khoekhoe | ǀnam | [ᵑǀȁm̀] = [ᵑʇȁm̀] | 'to love' |
Zulu | incwancwa | [iᵑǀwáːᵑǀwa] = [iᵑʇwáːᵑʇwa] | 'sour corn meal' |
Glottalized dental nasal velar click | |
---|---|
ǀ̃͡ʔ | |
ᵑǀ͡ʔ ᵑ̊ǀˀ | |
ʇ̃ˀ | |
ᵑʇˀ ᵑ̊ʇˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Hadza | tacce | [taᵑǀˀe] = [taᵑʇˀe] | 'rope' |
Khoekhoe | ǀoroǀoro | [ᵑǀˀòɾőᵑǀˀòɾȍ] = [ᵑʇˀòɾőᵑʇˀòɾȍ] | 'to wear s.t. out' |
Naro | Xgaoc’õ | [ᵏǁχao̯ᵑǀˀõ] = [ᵏʖχao̯ᵑʇˀõ] | (personal name) |
Xhosa | umchankcatho | [umᵏǀʰaᵑǀˀatʰo] = [umᵏʇʰaᵑʇˀatʰo] | 'a bridge' |
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