Voiceless nasal glottal approximant | |
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h̃ |
The voiceless nasal glottal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, a nasal approximant, used in some oral languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨h̃⟩, that is, an h with a tilde.
The h sound is nasalized in several languages, apparently due to a connection between glottal and nasal sounds called rhinoglottophilia. Examples of languages where the only h-like sound is nasalized are Krim, Lisu, and Pirahã.
More rarely, a language will contrast oral /h/ and nasal /h̃/. Two such languages are neighboring Bantu languages of Angola and Namibia, Kwangali and Mbukushu. In these languages, vowels following /h̃/ are nasalized, though nasal vowels do not occur elsewhere. A distinction is also reported from Wolaytta, though in that case the nasal is rare.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basque | Souletin dialect [1] | ahate | [ãˈh̃ãte] | 'duck' | |
Carapana [2] | hʉ̃gẽ́ | [h̃ĩŋɛ̃́] | 'god' | Allophone of [ h] before nasal vowels. | |
Kaingang [3] | hũg | [h̃ũŋ] | 'hawk' | Possible word-initial realization of /h/ before a nasal vowel. [3] | |
Kwangali [4] | nhonho | [h̃õh̃õ] | Tribulus species | ||
Khoekhoegowab | Damara dialect | hû | [h̃ũː] | 'six' | Free variation[ clarification needed] |
Tofa [5] | иʔһён[ citation needed] | [iʔh̃jon] | 'twenty' | no separate letter for /h̃/, the same letter is used as the one for /h/.[ citation needed] |
Voiceless nasal glottal approximant | |
---|---|
h̃ |
The voiceless nasal glottal approximant is a type of consonantal sound, a nasal approximant, used in some oral languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨h̃⟩, that is, an h with a tilde.
The h sound is nasalized in several languages, apparently due to a connection between glottal and nasal sounds called rhinoglottophilia. Examples of languages where the only h-like sound is nasalized are Krim, Lisu, and Pirahã.
More rarely, a language will contrast oral /h/ and nasal /h̃/. Two such languages are neighboring Bantu languages of Angola and Namibia, Kwangali and Mbukushu. In these languages, vowels following /h̃/ are nasalized, though nasal vowels do not occur elsewhere. A distinction is also reported from Wolaytta, though in that case the nasal is rare.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Basque | Souletin dialect [1] | ahate | [ãˈh̃ãte] | 'duck' | |
Carapana [2] | hʉ̃gẽ́ | [h̃ĩŋɛ̃́] | 'god' | Allophone of [ h] before nasal vowels. | |
Kaingang [3] | hũg | [h̃ũŋ] | 'hawk' | Possible word-initial realization of /h/ before a nasal vowel. [3] | |
Kwangali [4] | nhonho | [h̃õh̃õ] | Tribulus species | ||
Khoekhoegowab | Damara dialect | hû | [h̃ũː] | 'six' | Free variation[ clarification needed] |
Tofa [5] | иʔһён[ citation needed] | [iʔh̃jon] | 'twenty' | no separate letter for /h̃/, the same letter is used as the one for /h/.[ citation needed] |