Carapano
Mõxtã
Native to	Colombia, Brazil
Native speakers	500 (2012) [1]
Language family	Tucanoan Eastern Central Tatuyo–Carapano Carapano
Language codes
ISO 639-3	cbc
Glottolog	cara1272
ELP	Carapana

Carapano (Karapanã, Carapana-tapuya, Möxdöá) is a Tucanoan language of Colombia and Brazil.

Carapano has 11 consonants. ^[2]

• /p, t, k/ alternate with / pʰ, tʰ, kʰ/. ^[3]
• /b, d, g/ become [ m, n, ŋ] before nasal vowels. ^[3] They become [ ᵐb, ⁿd, ᵑg] after nasal vowels. ^[3]
• /b, d/ alternate with [ᵐb, ⁿd] at the beginning of a word, e.g., báì /báì/ [báì]~[ᵐbáì] 'younger brother'. ^[3]
• / s/ alternates with / t͡s/. ^[4]
• / ɾ/ has three variants
  • / n̆/ next to nasal vowels
  • / ɺ/ before oral vowels, at the beginning of a word, and
  • / ɾ/ elsewhere. ^[4]
• /w, h/ are often [ β, x] before front vowels. ^[4]
• / j/ alternates with pre-stopped [ᵈj]. ^[4]
• /w, j, h/ become [ w̃, j̃, h̃] before nasal vowels. ^[4]

It also has 6 vowels and their nasalized forms, plus high and low tones. ^[2]

• The mid vowels /e, ẽ, o, õ/ are phonetically [ ɛ, ɛ̃, ɔ, ɔ̃]. ^[5]
• Mid tone is an allotone of the low tone. ^[6]

Metzger and Metzger use the following orthography. ^[7]

• Metzger, Ronald; Metzger, Lois (1973). "Fonología del carapana". Sistemas fonológicos de idiomas columbianos (in Spanish). Vol. 2. Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. pp. 121–132.

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