Nasal palatal approximant | |
---|---|
j̃ |
The nasal palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨j̃⟩, that is, a j with a
tilde. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j~
, and in the
Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ỹ⟩.
The nasal palatal approximant is sometimes called a nasal yod; [j̃] and [w̃] may be called nasal glides.
Features of the nasal palatal approximant:
[j̃], written ⟨ny⟩, is a common realization of /j/ before nasal vowels in many languages of West Africa that do not have a phonemic distinction between voiced nasal and oral stops, such as Yoruba, Ewe and Bini languages.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nheengatu | nheẽ | j̃ẽʔẽ] | 'to speak' | Influenced Brazilian Portuguese ⟨nh⟩ sound. Sometimes written with ⟨ñ⟩ | |
Hindustani [1] | संयम / sanyama | [səj̃jəm] | 'patience' |
Allophone of / n/ before [ j]. See Hindustani phonology | |
Kaingang [2] | [j̃ũ] | 'brave' | Possible word-initial realization of /j/ before a nasal vowel. [3] | ||
Lombard | bisògn de | [biˈzɔj̃ d̪e] | 'need for (something)' |
Allophone of / ɲ/ before a consonant. See Lombard phonology | |
Louisiana Creole [4] | [sɛ̃j̃ɛ̃] | 'bleed' |
Intervocalic allophone of / ɲ/ | ||
Polish [5] | państwo | [ˈpãj̃stfɔ] | 'state, country' |
Allophone of / ɲ/ before fricatives. See Polish phonology | |
Portuguese | Brazilian [6] | sonho | [ˈsõj̃ʊ] | 'dream' | Allophone of / ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizes the preceding vowel. Language's original /ɲ/ sound. [7] [8] See Portuguese phonology |
Most dialects [9] | cães | [kɐ̃j̃s] | 'dogs' | Allophone of / j/ after nasal vowels. | |
Some dialects [7] | me ame! | [ˈmj̃ɐ̃mi] | 'love me!' | Non-syllabic allophone of / i/ between nasal sounds. | |
Shipibo [10] | [ example needed] | Allophone of /j/ after nasal vowels. [10] | |||
Spanish | Zwolle-Ebarb [11] | año | [ˈãj̃o] | 'year' | Allophone of / ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizing the preceding vowel. |
Other dialects, occasional in rapid, unguarded speech [12] | niños | [ˈnij̃os] | 'kids' | Allophone of /ɲ/. Because nasality is retained and there is no potential merger with any other Spanish phonemes, this process is rarely noticed, and its geographical distribution has never been determined. | |
Sakha | айыы | aȷ̃iː] | 'sin, transgression' | /ȷ̃/ is not distinguished from /j/ in the orthography [13] |
Nasal palatal approximant | |
---|---|
j̃ |
The nasal palatal approximant is a type of consonantal sound used in some oral languages. The symbol in the
International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨j̃⟩, that is, a j with a
tilde. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j~
, and in the
Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨ỹ⟩.
The nasal palatal approximant is sometimes called a nasal yod; [j̃] and [w̃] may be called nasal glides.
Features of the nasal palatal approximant:
[j̃], written ⟨ny⟩, is a common realization of /j/ before nasal vowels in many languages of West Africa that do not have a phonemic distinction between voiced nasal and oral stops, such as Yoruba, Ewe and Bini languages.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nheengatu | nheẽ | j̃ẽʔẽ] | 'to speak' | Influenced Brazilian Portuguese ⟨nh⟩ sound. Sometimes written with ⟨ñ⟩ | |
Hindustani [1] | संयम / sanyama | [səj̃jəm] | 'patience' |
Allophone of / n/ before [ j]. See Hindustani phonology | |
Kaingang [2] | [j̃ũ] | 'brave' | Possible word-initial realization of /j/ before a nasal vowel. [3] | ||
Lombard | bisògn de | [biˈzɔj̃ d̪e] | 'need for (something)' |
Allophone of / ɲ/ before a consonant. See Lombard phonology | |
Louisiana Creole [4] | [sɛ̃j̃ɛ̃] | 'bleed' |
Intervocalic allophone of / ɲ/ | ||
Polish [5] | państwo | [ˈpãj̃stfɔ] | 'state, country' |
Allophone of / ɲ/ before fricatives. See Polish phonology | |
Portuguese | Brazilian [6] | sonho | [ˈsõj̃ʊ] | 'dream' | Allophone of / ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizes the preceding vowel. Language's original /ɲ/ sound. [7] [8] See Portuguese phonology |
Most dialects [9] | cães | [kɐ̃j̃s] | 'dogs' | Allophone of / j/ after nasal vowels. | |
Some dialects [7] | me ame! | [ˈmj̃ɐ̃mi] | 'love me!' | Non-syllabic allophone of / i/ between nasal sounds. | |
Shipibo [10] | [ example needed] | Allophone of /j/ after nasal vowels. [10] | |||
Spanish | Zwolle-Ebarb [11] | año | [ˈãj̃o] | 'year' | Allophone of / ɲ/ between vowels, nasalizing the preceding vowel. |
Other dialects, occasional in rapid, unguarded speech [12] | niños | [ˈnij̃os] | 'kids' | Allophone of /ɲ/. Because nasality is retained and there is no potential merger with any other Spanish phonemes, this process is rarely noticed, and its geographical distribution has never been determined. | |
Sakha | айыы | aȷ̃iː] | 'sin, transgression' | /ȷ̃/ is not distinguished from /j/ in the orthography [13] |