Voiced alveolar lateral affricate | |
---|---|
d͡ɮ | |
λ | |
IPA Number | 104 (149) |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | d͡ɮ |
Unicode (hex) | U+0064 U+0361 U+026E |
X-SAMPA | dK\ |
The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d͡ɮ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨dɮ⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨λ⟩ ( lambda). It is usually in free variation or an allophone of /ɮ/, /t͡ɬ/ or /l/; no known language contrasts [dɮ] and [ɮ].
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral affricate:
Voiced alveolar lateral affricates are rare. Sandawe has been transcribed with [dɮ], but the sound is more post-alveolar or palatal than alveolar. Consonants written dl in Athabaskan and Wakashan languages are either tenuis affricates, [t͜ɬ] (perhaps slightly voiced allophonically), or have a lateral release, [tˡ] or [dˡ]. In Montana Salish, /l/ may be prestopped, depending on context, in which case it may be realized as [ᵈl] or as an affricate [ᵈɮ̤]. [1] In the Nguni languages [d͡ɮ] occurs after nasals: /nɮ̤/ is pronounced [nd͡ɮ̤], with an epenthetic stop, in at least Xhosa [2] and Zulu. [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | Levantine | تدليل tadlil | [tæd͡ɮiːl] | 'pampering' | Allophone of /dl/ in some speakers |
Avá-Canoeiro [4] | Tocantins [4] | [ˌtaːˈpid͡ɮɐ] | ' Tapirus terrestris' | Possible realisation of /l/. In the speech of people aged 40 to 80 years, the consonant is in free variation with [dl], [dʎ], [ʎ], [ɖ], [ɮ] and [l]. [4] | |
Cherokee [5] | ᏜᎺᎭ dlameha | [d͡ɮaːmeːhá] | 'bat' (mammal) | Syllable onset and intervocalic allophone of /t͡ɬ/. See Cherokee phonology | |
Deg Xinag [6] | sichidl | [sət͡ʃʰəd͡ɮ] | 'my younger brother' | Syllable-final realization of /t͡ɬ/. [6] | |
Hebrew | דלעת dlaʻat | [d͡ɮaʔat] | 'gourd' | Allophone of /dl/ sequence in some speakers | |
Montana Salish | p̓əllič̓č | [pʼəd͡ɮɮít͡ʃʼt͡ʃ] | 'turned over' | Positional allophone of /l/ | |
Xhosa | indlovu | [ind͡ɮ̤ɔːv̤u][ missing tone] | 'elephant' | Allophone of /ɮ̤/ after /n/ | |
Pa Na [7] | [d͡ɮau˩˧] | 'deep' |
{{
cite thesis}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
link)Voiced alveolar lateral affricate | |
---|---|
d͡ɮ | |
λ | |
IPA Number | 104 (149) |
Audio sample | |
Encoding | |
Entity (decimal) | d͡ɮ |
Unicode (hex) | U+0064 U+0361 U+026E |
X-SAMPA | dK\ |
The voiced alveolar lateral affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨d͡ɮ⟩ (often simplified to ⟨dɮ⟩), and in Americanist phonetic notation it is ⟨λ⟩ ( lambda). It is usually in free variation or an allophone of /ɮ/, /t͡ɬ/ or /l/; no known language contrasts [dɮ] and [ɮ].
Features of the voiced alveolar lateral affricate:
Voiced alveolar lateral affricates are rare. Sandawe has been transcribed with [dɮ], but the sound is more post-alveolar or palatal than alveolar. Consonants written dl in Athabaskan and Wakashan languages are either tenuis affricates, [t͜ɬ] (perhaps slightly voiced allophonically), or have a lateral release, [tˡ] or [dˡ]. In Montana Salish, /l/ may be prestopped, depending on context, in which case it may be realized as [ᵈl] or as an affricate [ᵈɮ̤]. [1] In the Nguni languages [d͡ɮ] occurs after nasals: /nɮ̤/ is pronounced [nd͡ɮ̤], with an epenthetic stop, in at least Xhosa [2] and Zulu. [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arabic | Levantine | تدليل tadlil | [tæd͡ɮiːl] | 'pampering' | Allophone of /dl/ in some speakers |
Avá-Canoeiro [4] | Tocantins [4] | [ˌtaːˈpid͡ɮɐ] | ' Tapirus terrestris' | Possible realisation of /l/. In the speech of people aged 40 to 80 years, the consonant is in free variation with [dl], [dʎ], [ʎ], [ɖ], [ɮ] and [l]. [4] | |
Cherokee [5] | ᏜᎺᎭ dlameha | [d͡ɮaːmeːhá] | 'bat' (mammal) | Syllable onset and intervocalic allophone of /t͡ɬ/. See Cherokee phonology | |
Deg Xinag [6] | sichidl | [sət͡ʃʰəd͡ɮ] | 'my younger brother' | Syllable-final realization of /t͡ɬ/. [6] | |
Hebrew | דלעת dlaʻat | [d͡ɮaʔat] | 'gourd' | Allophone of /dl/ sequence in some speakers | |
Montana Salish | p̓əllič̓č | [pʼəd͡ɮɮít͡ʃʼt͡ʃ] | 'turned over' | Positional allophone of /l/ | |
Xhosa | indlovu | [ind͡ɮ̤ɔːv̤u][ missing tone] | 'elephant' | Allophone of /ɮ̤/ after /n/ | |
Pa Na [7] | [d͡ɮau˩˧] | 'deep' |
{{
cite thesis}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
link)