It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Slovak in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
consensus on the
talk page first.
^
abcdefghijApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ/, [
b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ also occur as allophones of /p,t,c,ts,tʂ,k,s,ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [
v and [
ɣ.
^
abcdefghApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ/, [
k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [
ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ.
^
abcdThe phones transcribed [
f,v,ʋ,w are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [
f,v are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme): • [
f occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p,t,c,k,tʂ,s,ʂ,x/; • [
v occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɟ,ɡ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/; • [
w or [
ʋ (in our transcriptions always represented as [
w) occur in the syllable
coda; • [
ʋ occurs in all other cases (
Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^
abThe /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the
alveolar/l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the
alveolo-palatal/ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (
Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^
abcdNasals always
assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before
velar consonants they are [
ŋ, and before
labial consonants they are [
m; the labiodental [
ɱ appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
^In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu,ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.
^[ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from [
e, it is clearly an opening diphthong (
Pavlík 2004:94).
^Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu]. In the case of other
hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.
References
Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010),
"Slovak"(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378,
doi:
10.1017/S0025100310000162
Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), Bosák, Ján; Petrufová, Magdaléna (eds.),
"Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" [Slovak Speech Sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis [The Linguistic Journal] (in Slovak) (55/2), Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press, spol. s r. o.: 87–109,
ISSN0021-5597
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Slovak in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
consensus on the
talk page first.
^
abcdefghijApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ/, [
b,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ,ɡ,z,ʐ also occur as allophones of /p,t,c,ts,tʂ,k,s,ʂ/ before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/. /f/ and /x/ are also voiced in this environment, to [
v and [
ɣ.
^
abcdefghApart from being the main realization of the phonemes /k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ/, [
k,p,s,ʂ,t,c,ts,tʂ also occur as word-final allophones of /ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ/ unless the following word starts with any of the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɡ,ɟ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, in which case they are realized as voiced [
ɡ,b,z,ʐ,d,ɟ,dz,dʐ.
^
abcdThe phones transcribed [
f,v,ʋ,w are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [
f,v are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme): • [
f occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p,t,c,k,tʂ,s,ʂ,x/; • [
v occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b,d,ɟ,ɡ,dʐ,z,ʐ,ɦ/; • [
w or [
ʋ (in our transcriptions always represented as [
w) occur in the syllable
coda; • [
ʋ occurs in all other cases (
Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^
abThe /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only the
alveolar/l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which the
alveolo-palatal/ʎ/ merges with the alveolar /l/ in all environments (
Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
^
abcdNasals always
assimilate their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before
velar consonants they are [
ŋ, and before
labial consonants they are [
m; the labiodental [
ɱ appears before /f/ and /v/. Orthographic ⟨n⟩ before ⟨p⟩ and ⟨b⟩ is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.
^In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu,ʊɔ/ count as long vowels.
^[ɛɐ] is a phonological monophthong, usually transcribed with ⟨æ⟩. However, for speakers that distinguish it from [
e, it is clearly an opening diphthong (
Pavlík 2004:94).
^Syllable breaks are indicated only in the case of the sequences [i.a], [i.e] and [i.u], which occur in loanwords and are spelled the same as the native diphthongs [ɪɐ,ɪe,ɪu]. In the case of other
hiatuses, the syllable break is omitted.
References
Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010),
"Slovak"(PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378,
doi:
10.1017/S0025100310000162
Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), Bosák, Ján; Petrufová, Magdaléna (eds.),
"Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" [Slovak Speech Sounds and the International Phonetic Alphabet] (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis [The Linguistic Journal] (in Slovak) (55/2), Bratislava: Slovak Academic Press, spol. s r. o.: 87–109,
ISSN0021-5597