From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
b [1] b bash
ɡ [1] g gate
d [1] d do
v v, w van
ʷ [2] quick
z z zoo
t table
roughly like the unaspirated "k" in sky (ejective) [3]
l [4] l leaf
m m much
n n not
roughly like the unaspirated "p" in spy (ejective) [3]
ʒ zh pleasure
r [5] r Spanish río
s s sue
roughly like the unaspirated "t" in sty (ejective) [3]
p pan
k can
ʁ gh Guttural R, Scottish English loch, but voiced
χʼ [6] Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective) [3]
ʃ sh shoe
tʃʰ ch choose
tsʰ ts, c cats
dz dz pads
tsʼ tsʼ, cʼ Navajo ts'in (ejective) [3]
tʃʼ chʼ roughly like the unaspirated "ch" in question (ejective) [3]
χ kh, x Scottish loch; the English exclamation "ugh"
j hedge
h h head
Marginal consonants
f [7] f fan
Vowels
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
a a bra
e e bell
i i feel
o o off
u u moon

Notes

  1. ^ a b c In word-final position, / b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [ ].
  2. ^ / v/ is realized as [ ʷ] after a consonant.
  3. ^ a b c d e f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, / t'/ and / t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
  4. ^ / l/ has two allophones, velarized [ ɫ] before back vowels / ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [ l] before front vowels / i, ɛ,/
  5. ^ Often realized as an alveolar tap [ ɾ].
  6. ^ [χʼ] is commonly phonemicized as /qʼ/.
  7. ^ [ f~ ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.

See also

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Georgian language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Georgian phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Georgian.

Consonants
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
b [1] b bash
ɡ [1] g gate
d [1] d do
v v, w van
ʷ [2] quick
z z zoo
t table
roughly like the unaspirated "k" in sky (ejective) [3]
l [4] l leaf
m m much
n n not
roughly like the unaspirated "p" in spy (ejective) [3]
ʒ zh pleasure
r [5] r Spanish río
s s sue
roughly like the unaspirated "t" in sty (ejective) [3]
p pan
k can
ʁ gh Guttural R, Scottish English loch, but voiced
χʼ [6] Dakota hã.χʼãna (ejective) [3]
ʃ sh shoe
tʃʰ ch choose
tsʰ ts, c cats
dz dz pads
tsʼ tsʼ, cʼ Navajo ts'in (ejective) [3]
tʃʼ chʼ roughly like the unaspirated "ch" in question (ejective) [3]
χ kh, x Scottish loch; the English exclamation "ugh"
j hedge
h h head
Marginal consonants
f [7] f fan
Vowels
IPA Mkhedruli Asomtavruli Nuskhuri Romanization English approximation
a a bra
e e bell
i i feel
o o off
u u moon

Notes

  1. ^ a b c In word-final position, / b, d, g/ may be devoiced to [ ].
  2. ^ / v/ is realized as [ ʷ] after a consonant.
  3. ^ a b c d e f The ejectives have no equivalent in English. The way that ejectives are sounded is by building up pressure in your throat, like when you sneeze, and then release the built-up air as you articulate the consonant where you normally would. So, / t'/ and / t/ are articulated in the same place but the difference is whether you build up pressure or not.
  4. ^ / l/ has two allophones, velarized [ ɫ] before back vowels / ɑ, ɔ, u,/ and plain [ l] before front vowels / i, ɛ,/
  5. ^ Often realized as an alveolar tap [ ɾ].
  6. ^ [χʼ] is commonly phonemicized as /qʼ/.
  7. ^ [ f~ ɸ] are allophones of /v/ before voiceless consonants.

See also


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