March 1 – The
Sacheverell riots start in London with an attack on an elegant Presbyterian meeting-house in
Lincoln's Inn Fields, followed by riots through the West End of London.
June 8 – The
Tuscarora nation sends a petition to the
Province of Pennsylvania, protesting the seizure of their lands and enslavement of their people, by citizens of the Province of Carolina.
October – The start of the
Mascate War (aka the War of the Peddlers) between two rival mercantile groups the Zillioto family and the Astrid family in
colonial Brazil.
November 30 – The first visit to the Pacific islands of
Palau is made by a Jesuit expedition led by Francisco Padilla; unfortunately, the ship is driven to
Mindanao by a storm, leaving two priests stranded.
Alexis Littré, in his treatise Diverses observations anatomiques,[7] is the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a
lumbarcolostomy for an obstruction of the
colon.
Thomas Cary, after declaring himself Governor of North Carolina, sails an armed
brigantine up the
Chowan River, to attack Governor Hyde's forces fortified at Colonel
Thomas Pollock's plantation. The attack fails, and Cary's forces retreat.[11]
April 3 –
Clipperton Island is rediscovered by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, who draws up the first map and claims the island for France. The island had been discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón in 1528.
May 25 – In Denmark,
Helsingør is put under military blockade to prevent an outbreak of plague from spreading to Copenhagen; this year about one third of Helsingør's population is killed by the disease.[15]
July 2 –
Cary's Rebellion: Lieutenant Governor
Alexander Spotswood of Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along the
Pamlico River. Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion.[16]
July 11 – The town of
São Paulo, Brazil, is elevated to city status.
September 14 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives capture John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried and their expeditionary party, and bring them to Catechna.
September 16 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives kill Lawson. Von Graffenried and one
African American slave are known to have been set free.
September 22 – The
Tuscarora War begins when
Tuscarora natives under the command of Chief Hancock raid settlements along the south bank of the Pamlico River, within the Province of Carolina (modern-day North Carolina), killing around 130 people.
October 11 – Panic kills 241 people in the
stampede on the Guillottière bridge in
France near
Lyon. Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of the
Rhône river are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them.[19]
November 5 – The southwest spire of
Southwell Minster in
Nottinghamshire,
England is struck by lightning, resulting in a fire that spreads to the nave and tower, destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.
January 26 – The Old
Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the
Stephansdom,
St. Stephen's Cathedral, in
Vienna, is rung for the first time to mark the entry of
Charles VI to
Vienna from
Frankfurt after his coronation as
Emperor. It takes a quarter-hour for 16 men pulling on the bell rope to swing the heavy bell back-and-forth enough for the clapper to strike; the resulting forces endanger the tower so the architect orders that in future the bell be rung only by pulling its
clapper.
April 6–
7 –
New York Slave Revolt of 1712: An insurrection in New York City results in nine whites being killed, and 21 slaves and other blacks being convicted and executed.
After many years of settlement, the Town on Queen Anne's Creek is established as a courthouse for
Chowan County,
North Carolina. The town is renamed
Edenton in
1720, and incorporated in
1722.
March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of
Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up
Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.
March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.
March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the
Machapunga and
Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against
North Carolina.
May 13 – King
Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the
order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as
Queen Isabella II.
September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.
December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of
Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of
Tamil Nadu near
Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor
Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.
San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.[citation needed]
February 7 – The
Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the
Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of
Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes.
February 28 – (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar
Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old.[34]
March 2 – (February 19 old style) The
Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in
Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General
Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General
Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men.
April 11 – France signs five separate treaties— with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia and Savoy— to end hostilities in the War of the Spanish Succession following the negotiations of the
Peace of Utrecht.
April 12 – Italian Jesuit missionary
Niccolò Gianpriamo is dispatched from
Portugal on an evangelical trip to Asia starting with the Portuguese Indian colony of
Goa, where he arrives after five months.
June 3 – The city of
Kassel in
Germany inaugurates the summer tradition of the "water stairs" or "great cascades" (Grossen Kaskaden) emptying from the base of the
Hercules monument down to the Wilhelmshöhe castle.
June 26 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a peace treaty to end hostilities between those two nations in the War of the Spanish Succession.
July–September
July 8 –
Longitude prize: The
Parliament of Great Britain votes "to offer a reward for such person or persons as shall discover the
Longitude" (£10,000 for any method capable of determining a ship's longitude within 1 degree; £15,000, within 40 minutes, and £20,000 within ½ a degree).[36]
September 18 –
George I, the new King of Great Britain and Ireland, arrives in Britain for the first time in his life, after having departed
Hannover and sailing from the Netherlands.[37]
October 24 – Four Dutch investors, led by brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, purchase the South American colony of
Berbice from French mercenary
Jacques Cassard, who had captured the colony from the Van Peere family.[39] A century later, in 1815, the land is ceded to Great Britain and later merged with neighboring colonies to form what is now
Guyana.
For dates within Great Britain and the
British Empire, as well as in the
Russian Empire, the "old style"
Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style"
Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire in 1752 and in Russia in 1923) by adding 11 days.
January–March
January 13 – A fire in London, described by some as the worst since the
Great Fire of London (1666) almost 50 years earlier, starts on
Thames Street when fireworks prematurely explode "in the house of Mr. Walker, an oil man"; more than 100 houses are consumed in the blaze, which continues over to
Tower Street before it is controlled.[40]
February 11 –
Tuscarora War: The Tuscarora and their allies sign a peace treaty with the
Province of North Carolina, and agree to move to a reservation near
Lake Mattamuskeet, effectively ending the Tuscarora War. Large numbers of Tuscarora subsequently move to New York.
March 14 –
James Stuart, the "Old Pretender" attempting to restore the House of Stuart to control of Great Britain as King James III of England and James VIII of Scotland, meets with Pope Clement XI for the assistance of the Roman Catholic Church in the
Jacobite rising.
April 1 – The
Battle of Gurdas Nangal begins during the
Mughal-Sikh Wars in
India, as the Mughal Army begins an eight-month siege of a fortress near
Gurdaspur (in what is now the Punjab state), where Sikh General
Banda Singh Bahadur and 1,250 of his men have fled. The siege ends on December 7 when the 750 survivors, including Banda Singh, are captured. By June 1716, most of the Sikh prisoners have been tortured, killed and executed, with Banda Singh dying on June 9.
April 15 – In the British colonial
Province of South Carolina, the
Yamasee Confederation launches an attack on English settlements in disputed territory on
Good Friday, launching the two-year long
Yamasee War. The day before, agents
Thomas Nairne, William Bray and Samuel Warner had participated in peace negotiations with the Yamasee at
Pocotaligo. [42] Bray and Warner are killed that day, while Nairne is tortured to death and dies on April 17.
April 24 – The
Battle of Fehmarn takes place in the
Baltic Sea as part of the
Great Northern War. Ten warships of Denmark, under the command of Christian Gabel, overwhelm a force of Swedish Navy ships led by Carl Wachtmeister. By the time the battle ends the next day, five Swedish ships and 1,626 crewmen have been captured, and another 353 killed. The Danish navy suffers 65 deaths. [43]
May 3 – A total
solar eclipse is seen across southern England,
Sweden and Finland (the last total eclipse visible in London for almost 900 years). English astronomer
Edmond Halley (who is using the old style Julian calendar date of April 22) records the first observation noted of the phenomenon of "
Baily's beads", in which higher elevations on the moon can be observed obscuring portions of the light moments before and after totality.
May 28 –
Rioting begins in England on the birthday of King George I as supporters of the Old Pretender, James of the House of Stuart, begin mass protesting against the rule of the House of Hanover, near
London in the towns of
Smithfield and
Highgate, and the
Cheapside financial district in London.
June 22 – Tsar
Peter I of Russia witnesses the attempt of 45 Dutch and English ships to enter the small harbor at
Saint Petersburg and decides that additional harbors are necessary for Russia to be able import Western goods.
June 29 – Britain's
Treason Act 1714 takes effect, providing for forfeiture to the British Crown of property owned by any person convicted of treason in the Kingdom. The Act remains in effect until June 24, 1718.
July 24 –
1715 Treasure Fleet: A
Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves
Havana,
Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of
Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).
October 2 – During the
rebellion in Great Britain by supporters of the Pretender to the Throne,
James Stuart, the Jacobites raid the Scottish parish of
Burntisland, capture an arsenal of weapons, and begin an occupation of the area on October 9 in the name of Stuart as King James VIII of Scotland.
October 28 – The
Treaty of Greifswald is signed between Russia and the Electorate of Hanover, with George I of Great Britain and Hanover agreeing to Russia's annexation of
Swedish Ingria and
Estonia, and Hanover claiming the
Bremen-Verden Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden.
March 18 – Italian Jesuit missionary
Ippolito Desideri arrives in
Lhasa to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist
Tibet. [58]
September 15 –
"Maria", an African slave of the
Dutch West India Company on the Caribbean island of
Curaçao, murders the plantation overseer, Christiaan Muller, then leads a rebellion, killing Muller's family and much of the white staff on the company's plantation. The uprising is suppressed after 10 days, and Maria is later executed by burning at the stake on November 9. [66]
October 12 – During the
war between the Habsburg Empire ruling Austria and the Ottoman Empire ruling Turkey, the
six week siege of the fortified city of
Temeşvar is surrendered by the Turks to the Austrians. Under a flag of truce, the Turks are permitted to depart but have to leave behind their artillery as they give up their claim to
Hungary. Austro-Hungarian rule lasts until World War One, and in 1919, the city of
Timișoara becomes part of the Kingdom of
Romania.
November 1 – Two new laws go into effect in the
Highlands of
Scotland to prevent a threat to Britain's ruling
House of Hanover by the
Jacobites who supported the restoration of the
House of Stuart. The
Disarming Act requires government authorization to carry swords and firearms, and the amendments to the
Treason Act 1714 permit trials for treason to take place in any court in England, regardless of where the crime was committed.
December 4 – Fifty people are killed, and 150 houses burned, when a fire breaks out in
Wapping,
London. The blaze comes two days after a fire at the
Spring Gardens at
St. James's, London, which destroyed the French Chapel there and which was put out by several rescuers, including the future King George II.[69]
September 5 – King
George I of Great Britain issues the "
Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates in the West Indies", an offer of
amnesty to
pirates, declaring that any pirates who surrender themselves to the government of Britain or one of its overseas territories, on or before September 5, 1718, "shall have Our Gracious Pardon of and for his or their Piracy or Piracies" committed before January 5, 1718. The amnesty is later extended to July 1, 1719.[75]
October 18 – Trial begins in
Boston for six
pirates who had survived the April 26 wreck of
Samuel Bellamy's ships Whydah and the Mary Anne. Five of them (John Brown, Hendrick Quintor, Thomas Baker, Peter Cornelius Hoof and John Shuan) are convicted on October 22 of piracy and robbery and hanged on November 15.[77]
November 28 – Pirates led by
Edward Teach, more popularly referred to as "
Blackbeard", and
Benjamin Hornigold capture the French slave transport Concorde near island of
Saint Vincent the West Indies.[79] Blackbeard renames the vessel Queen Anne's Revenge, adds to its armaments, and makes it his flagship.[80] Hornigold soon accepts a British amnesty for all pirates, and Blackbeard teams up with
Stede Bonnet and begins plundering ships approaching North American ports.
François-Marie Arouet is sentenced to imprisonment in the
Bastille for eleven months, because of a satirical verse against the Régent of France and his infamous daughter
Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, who is hiding an illegitimate pregnancy and soon to give birth;[81] Arouet will emerge with the pseudonym
Voltaire and the completed text of his first play, Œdipe.
February 14 – The reign of
Victor Amadeus over the principality of
Anhalt-Bernburg (now within the state of
Saxony-Anhalt in northeastern Germany) ends after 61 years and 7 months. He had ascended the throne on September 22, 1656. He is succeeded by his son
Karl Frederick.
February 21 –
Manuel II (Mpanzu a Nimi) becomes the new monarch of the
Kingdom of Kongo (located in western Africa at present day
Angola) when
King Pedro IV (Nusamu a Mvemba) dies after a reign of 22 years. Manuel reigns until 1743. [86]
May 22 – Sailing the Queen Anne's Revenge English
pirate Edward Teach ("
Blackbeard") leads 400 sailors in four ships, and blockades the port of
Charleston, South Carolina for an entire week, plundering all arriving ships.[90] After their departure, Queen Anne's Revenge and Adventure are both lost at Beaufort Inlet,
North Carolina; a week later. Blackbeard allows
Stede Bonnet to command the Revenge (which is renamed the Royal James) once again. Bonnet rescues 25 sailors abandoned by Blackbeard on a sandbar and continues his life of piracy.
June 3 – Pirates "Blackbeard" and Stede Bonnet accidentally run aground in the ship Queen Anne's Revenge after sailing into
Topsail Inlet in the British colony of
North Carolina. Learning of the royal pardon available to all pirates who surrender before September 5, Teach negotiates a settlement with Colonial Governor
Charles Eden for a pardon for himself, Bonnet and the rest of his crew in return for the Governor receiving some of the pirates' plunder. [91]
September 10 – In France,
Armande Félice de La Porte Mazarin and the Vicomtesse de Polignac, both mistresses of the
Duc de Richelieu, fight a duel with pistols at the
Bois de Boulogne near Paris. Lady Mazarin, who had initiated the duel, is wounded in the shoulder and both survive. Richelieu, though impressed by the willingness of the ladies to fight over his affections, comments Je ne sacrifierai pas un de mes cheveux, ni à l’une, ni à l’autre ("I will not sacrifice anything, not to one, nor to the other.") [93]
October 3 –
Stede Bonnet and his crew are captured near the mouth of the
Cape Fear River and taken to Charleston, South Carolina, where they are tried for piracy. All but four are found guilty and sentenced to death (with 22 hanged on November 8), but Bonnet escapes from prison on October 24.
October 31 – The Mughal Emperor of India,
Farrukhsiyar, restores the titles and responsibilities of his chief adviser,
Mir Jumla III, almost three years after dismissing him.
November 11 – Lightning strikes the powder magazine at the
Old Fortress, Corfu, causing an explosion that kills a large number of people on the island.
November 22 – Citing violations of the amnesty agreement with Blackbeard,
Virginia Governor
Alexander Spotswood sends a
Royal Navy contingent to North Carolina, where they battle Blackbeard and his crew in
Ocracoke Inlet. Blackbeard is killed in action, after receiving five musketball wounds and twenty sword lacerations.
December 5 – Following the death of Charles XII on
November 30, his sister
Ulrika Eleonora proclaims herself Queen regnant of
Sweden, as the news of her brother's death reaches Stockholm.
December 10 – Stede Bonnet is hanged at Charleston, after being recaptured.
February 3 (January 23
Old Style) – The
Riksdag of the Estates recognizes
Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.[97]
January 13 –
Maria Sibylla Merian, German-born Swiss naturalist and scientific illustrator, who studied plants and insects and made detailed paintings of them (b.
1647)
March 8 –
Abraham Darby I, English ironmaster, first of that name of three generations of a Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution (b.
1678)
^Littre, A (1710). "Diverses observations anatomiques". Hist Acad Roy Sci. 17: 30–31.
^Cary's Rebellion". North Carolina Digital History. Learn NC University of North Carolina. Retrieved November 15 2023.
^ "Tamerlano (Gasparini)". opérabaroque.fr. Opéra Baroque. Retrieved November 15 2023.
^"Mardi Gras: Mobile's Paradoxical Party". The Wisdom of Chief Slacabamorinico. Retrieved November 15 2023.
^ Bickham, Troy O. (23 September 2004). "Cary, Thomas (d. c. 1720)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/68507. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. Retrieved November 15 2023.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^Rolt, L. T. C.; Allen, J. S. (1977). "The First Newcomen Engines c1710-15". The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen (new ed.). Hartington: Moorland. pp. 44–57.
ISBN0-903485-42-7.
^Blackburn, Robin (1998). The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800. Verso.
ISBN1859841953.
^"Police and public order in eighteenth-century Dublin", by Neal Garnham, in Two Capitals: London and Dublin, 1500–1840
By British Academy · (Oxford University Press, 2001) p. 84
^
abWeir, Alison (1996). Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy. Random House. pp. 272–276.
^Kaitasuo, Pia (2015-08-15). "Pietari Suuren synkkä tuhon kylvö". Kaleva (in Finnish). No. 221. Oulu: Kaleva Oy. pp. 34–35.
ISSN0356-1356.
^J. J. Hartsinck, Beschryving van Guiana, of de wilde kust in Zuid-America (Gerrit Tielenburg, 1770)
^"Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p48-49
^"Liverpool: The docks". A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 4. British History Online. 1911. pp. 41–43. Archived from
the original on May 25, 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
^Sarah Fraser, The Last Highlander: Scotland's Most Notorious Clan Chief, Rebel & Double Agent (HarperCollins, 2012) p. 174
^Flippo De Filippi, An Account of Tibet: The Travels of Ippolito Desideri (Routledge & Sons, 1931) pp. 50-52
^John Philip Wood, Memoirs of the life of John Law of Lauriston, including a detailed account of the rise, progress and termination of the Mississippi System (Adam Black Publishing, 1824) p.26
^Louis E. Fenech, The Cherished Five in Sikh History (Oxford University Press, 2021) p. 91
^Ganda Singh, Life of Banda Singh Bahadur: Based on Contemporary and Original Records (Sikh History Research Department, 1935) p. 229
^Timon Screech, Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822 (RoutledgeCurzon, 2006) p. 97
^"England and the Ostend Company", by Gerald B. Hertz, The English Historical Review (April 1907) pp. 256-257
^Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power]. Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 8–51.
^"Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p48-49
^Walter Prichard, The Negotiations of the Old Pretender Looking Forward to His Succession to the English Throne, 1713-1720 (Indiana University, 1915) p. 107, quoting James Breck Perkins, France Under the Regency, with a Review of the Administration of Louis XIV (Houghton Mifflin, 1892) p. 390
^Starkie, Andrew (2007). The Church of England and the Bangorian controversy, 1716–1721. Woodbridge: Boydell Press.
ISBN978-1-84383-288-1.
^Mark U. Wilde-Ramsing and Linda F. Carnes-McNaughton, Blackbeard's Sunken Prize: The 300-Year Voyage of Queen Anne's Revenge (University of North Carolina Press, 2018) p. 25
^Raynaud, Jean-Michel (1983). Voltaire soi-disant. Vol. 1. Presses Universitaires de Lille. p. 289.
ISBN2859392157.
^H. E. L. Mellersh, ed. Chronology of World History, Volume 9 (ABC-CLIO, 1999) p. 532
^"History of France— War with Spain", in The History of France: from the Earliest Period to the Present Time, by Thomas Wright (London Printing, 1856) Vol. II, p263
^"Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste", University of Toronto, 2000, webpage:
biog-ca-Bienville.
^Fritz Löffler, Die Wiederholung der Orangeriebauten nach der Stadt und die vierte Zwingerseite in Der Zwinger in Dresden (E. A. Seemann Verlag, 1976) p. 35.
^Zahir Uddin Malik, The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719–1748 (Asia Publishing, 1977) p. 407
^Charles Dalton, George The First's Army 1714~1727 (Oxford University, 1912) p. 7
^Oswald Kuylenstierna, Striderna vid Göta älfs mynning åren 1717 och 1719 [The skirmishes at the mouth of Göta älv between 1717 and 1719] (in Swedish) (Norstedt, 1899) pp. 38-40
^Brailsford, Dennis (1982). "Sporting Days in Eighteenth Century England". Journal of Sport History. 9 (3): 45.
JSTOR43609260.
March 1 – The
Sacheverell riots start in London with an attack on an elegant Presbyterian meeting-house in
Lincoln's Inn Fields, followed by riots through the West End of London.
June 8 – The
Tuscarora nation sends a petition to the
Province of Pennsylvania, protesting the seizure of their lands and enslavement of their people, by citizens of the Province of Carolina.
October – The start of the
Mascate War (aka the War of the Peddlers) between two rival mercantile groups the Zillioto family and the Astrid family in
colonial Brazil.
November 30 – The first visit to the Pacific islands of
Palau is made by a Jesuit expedition led by Francisco Padilla; unfortunately, the ship is driven to
Mindanao by a storm, leaving two priests stranded.
Alexis Littré, in his treatise Diverses observations anatomiques,[7] is the first physician to suggest the possibility of performing a
lumbarcolostomy for an obstruction of the
colon.
Thomas Cary, after declaring himself Governor of North Carolina, sails an armed
brigantine up the
Chowan River, to attack Governor Hyde's forces fortified at Colonel
Thomas Pollock's plantation. The attack fails, and Cary's forces retreat.[11]
April 3 –
Clipperton Island is rediscovered by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, who draws up the first map and claims the island for France. The island had been discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón in 1528.
May 25 – In Denmark,
Helsingør is put under military blockade to prevent an outbreak of plague from spreading to Copenhagen; this year about one third of Helsingør's population is killed by the disease.[15]
July 2 –
Cary's Rebellion: Lieutenant Governor
Alexander Spotswood of Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along the
Pamlico River. Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion.[16]
July 11 – The town of
São Paulo, Brazil, is elevated to city status.
September 14 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives capture John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried and their expeditionary party, and bring them to Catechna.
September 16 (approximate date) – Tuscarora natives kill Lawson. Von Graffenried and one
African American slave are known to have been set free.
September 22 – The
Tuscarora War begins when
Tuscarora natives under the command of Chief Hancock raid settlements along the south bank of the Pamlico River, within the Province of Carolina (modern-day North Carolina), killing around 130 people.
October 11 – Panic kills 241 people in the
stampede on the Guillottière bridge in
France near
Lyon. Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of the
Rhône river are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them.[19]
November 5 – The southwest spire of
Southwell Minster in
Nottinghamshire,
England is struck by lightning, resulting in a fire that spreads to the nave and tower, destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ.
January 26 – The Old
Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the
Stephansdom,
St. Stephen's Cathedral, in
Vienna, is rung for the first time to mark the entry of
Charles VI to
Vienna from
Frankfurt after his coronation as
Emperor. It takes a quarter-hour for 16 men pulling on the bell rope to swing the heavy bell back-and-forth enough for the clapper to strike; the resulting forces endanger the tower so the architect orders that in future the bell be rung only by pulling its
clapper.
April 6–
7 –
New York Slave Revolt of 1712: An insurrection in New York City results in nine whites being killed, and 21 slaves and other blacks being convicted and executed.
After many years of settlement, the Town on Queen Anne's Creek is established as a courthouse for
Chowan County,
North Carolina. The town is renamed
Edenton in
1720, and incorporated in
1722.
March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of
Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up
Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.
March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.
March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the
Machapunga and
Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against
North Carolina.
May 13 – King
Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the
order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as
Queen Isabella II.
September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.
December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of
Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of
Tamil Nadu near
Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor
Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.
San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.[citation needed]
February 7 – The
Siege of Tönning (a fortress of the
Swedish Empire and now located in Germany in the state of
Schleswig-Holstein) ends after almost a year, as Danish forces force the surrender of the remaining 1,600 defenders. The fortress is then leveled by the Danes.
February 28 – (February 17 old style) Russia's Tsar
Peter the Great issues a decree requiring compulsory education in mathematics for children of government officials and nobility, applying to children between the ages of 10 and 15 years old.[34]
March 2 – (February 19 old style) The
Battle of Storkyro is fought between troops of the Swedish Empire and the Russian Empire, near what is now the village of Napue in
Finland. The outnumbered Swedish forces, under the command of General
Carl Gustaf Armfeldt, suffer 1,600 troops killed in action while the Russians led by General
Mikhail Golitsyn lose 400 men.
April 11 – France signs five separate treaties— with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Prussia and Savoy— to end hostilities in the War of the Spanish Succession following the negotiations of the
Peace of Utrecht.
April 12 – Italian Jesuit missionary
Niccolò Gianpriamo is dispatched from
Portugal on an evangelical trip to Asia starting with the Portuguese Indian colony of
Goa, where he arrives after five months.
June 3 – The city of
Kassel in
Germany inaugurates the summer tradition of the "water stairs" or "great cascades" (Grossen Kaskaden) emptying from the base of the
Hercules monument down to the Wilhelmshöhe castle.
June 26 – Spain and the Netherlands sign a peace treaty to end hostilities between those two nations in the War of the Spanish Succession.
July–September
July 8 –
Longitude prize: The
Parliament of Great Britain votes "to offer a reward for such person or persons as shall discover the
Longitude" (£10,000 for any method capable of determining a ship's longitude within 1 degree; £15,000, within 40 minutes, and £20,000 within ½ a degree).[36]
September 18 –
George I, the new King of Great Britain and Ireland, arrives in Britain for the first time in his life, after having departed
Hannover and sailing from the Netherlands.[37]
October 24 – Four Dutch investors, led by brothers Nicolaas and Hendrik van Hoorn, purchase the South American colony of
Berbice from French mercenary
Jacques Cassard, who had captured the colony from the Van Peere family.[39] A century later, in 1815, the land is ceded to Great Britain and later merged with neighboring colonies to form what is now
Guyana.
For dates within Great Britain and the
British Empire, as well as in the
Russian Empire, the "old style"
Julian calendar was used in 1715, and can be converted to the "new style"
Gregorian calendar (adopted in the British Empire in 1752 and in Russia in 1923) by adding 11 days.
January–March
January 13 – A fire in London, described by some as the worst since the
Great Fire of London (1666) almost 50 years earlier, starts on
Thames Street when fireworks prematurely explode "in the house of Mr. Walker, an oil man"; more than 100 houses are consumed in the blaze, which continues over to
Tower Street before it is controlled.[40]
February 11 –
Tuscarora War: The Tuscarora and their allies sign a peace treaty with the
Province of North Carolina, and agree to move to a reservation near
Lake Mattamuskeet, effectively ending the Tuscarora War. Large numbers of Tuscarora subsequently move to New York.
March 14 –
James Stuart, the "Old Pretender" attempting to restore the House of Stuart to control of Great Britain as King James III of England and James VIII of Scotland, meets with Pope Clement XI for the assistance of the Roman Catholic Church in the
Jacobite rising.
April 1 – The
Battle of Gurdas Nangal begins during the
Mughal-Sikh Wars in
India, as the Mughal Army begins an eight-month siege of a fortress near
Gurdaspur (in what is now the Punjab state), where Sikh General
Banda Singh Bahadur and 1,250 of his men have fled. The siege ends on December 7 when the 750 survivors, including Banda Singh, are captured. By June 1716, most of the Sikh prisoners have been tortured, killed and executed, with Banda Singh dying on June 9.
April 15 – In the British colonial
Province of South Carolina, the
Yamasee Confederation launches an attack on English settlements in disputed territory on
Good Friday, launching the two-year long
Yamasee War. The day before, agents
Thomas Nairne, William Bray and Samuel Warner had participated in peace negotiations with the Yamasee at
Pocotaligo. [42] Bray and Warner are killed that day, while Nairne is tortured to death and dies on April 17.
April 24 – The
Battle of Fehmarn takes place in the
Baltic Sea as part of the
Great Northern War. Ten warships of Denmark, under the command of Christian Gabel, overwhelm a force of Swedish Navy ships led by Carl Wachtmeister. By the time the battle ends the next day, five Swedish ships and 1,626 crewmen have been captured, and another 353 killed. The Danish navy suffers 65 deaths. [43]
May 3 – A total
solar eclipse is seen across southern England,
Sweden and Finland (the last total eclipse visible in London for almost 900 years). English astronomer
Edmond Halley (who is using the old style Julian calendar date of April 22) records the first observation noted of the phenomenon of "
Baily's beads", in which higher elevations on the moon can be observed obscuring portions of the light moments before and after totality.
May 28 –
Rioting begins in England on the birthday of King George I as supporters of the Old Pretender, James of the House of Stuart, begin mass protesting against the rule of the House of Hanover, near
London in the towns of
Smithfield and
Highgate, and the
Cheapside financial district in London.
June 22 – Tsar
Peter I of Russia witnesses the attempt of 45 Dutch and English ships to enter the small harbor at
Saint Petersburg and decides that additional harbors are necessary for Russia to be able import Western goods.
June 29 – Britain's
Treason Act 1714 takes effect, providing for forfeiture to the British Crown of property owned by any person convicted of treason in the Kingdom. The Act remains in effect until June 24, 1718.
July 24 –
1715 Treasure Fleet: A
Spanish treasure fleet of 12 ships, under General Don Juan Ubilla, leaves
Havana,
Cuba for Spain. Seven days later, 11 of them sink in a storm off the coast of
Florida (some centuries later, treasure salvage is found from these wrecks).
October 2 – During the
rebellion in Great Britain by supporters of the Pretender to the Throne,
James Stuart, the Jacobites raid the Scottish parish of
Burntisland, capture an arsenal of weapons, and begin an occupation of the area on October 9 in the name of Stuart as King James VIII of Scotland.
October 28 – The
Treaty of Greifswald is signed between Russia and the Electorate of Hanover, with George I of Great Britain and Hanover agreeing to Russia's annexation of
Swedish Ingria and
Estonia, and Hanover claiming the
Bremen-Verden Swedish duchies of Bremen and Verden.
March 18 – Italian Jesuit missionary
Ippolito Desideri arrives in
Lhasa to become one of the first Europeans to attempt to bring Christianity to Buddhist
Tibet. [58]
September 15 –
"Maria", an African slave of the
Dutch West India Company on the Caribbean island of
Curaçao, murders the plantation overseer, Christiaan Muller, then leads a rebellion, killing Muller's family and much of the white staff on the company's plantation. The uprising is suppressed after 10 days, and Maria is later executed by burning at the stake on November 9. [66]
October 12 – During the
war between the Habsburg Empire ruling Austria and the Ottoman Empire ruling Turkey, the
six week siege of the fortified city of
Temeşvar is surrendered by the Turks to the Austrians. Under a flag of truce, the Turks are permitted to depart but have to leave behind their artillery as they give up their claim to
Hungary. Austro-Hungarian rule lasts until World War One, and in 1919, the city of
Timișoara becomes part of the Kingdom of
Romania.
November 1 – Two new laws go into effect in the
Highlands of
Scotland to prevent a threat to Britain's ruling
House of Hanover by the
Jacobites who supported the restoration of the
House of Stuart. The
Disarming Act requires government authorization to carry swords and firearms, and the amendments to the
Treason Act 1714 permit trials for treason to take place in any court in England, regardless of where the crime was committed.
December 4 – Fifty people are killed, and 150 houses burned, when a fire breaks out in
Wapping,
London. The blaze comes two days after a fire at the
Spring Gardens at
St. James's, London, which destroyed the French Chapel there and which was put out by several rescuers, including the future King George II.[69]
September 5 – King
George I of Great Britain issues the "
Proclamation for Suppressing of Pirates in the West Indies", an offer of
amnesty to
pirates, declaring that any pirates who surrender themselves to the government of Britain or one of its overseas territories, on or before September 5, 1718, "shall have Our Gracious Pardon of and for his or their Piracy or Piracies" committed before January 5, 1718. The amnesty is later extended to July 1, 1719.[75]
October 18 – Trial begins in
Boston for six
pirates who had survived the April 26 wreck of
Samuel Bellamy's ships Whydah and the Mary Anne. Five of them (John Brown, Hendrick Quintor, Thomas Baker, Peter Cornelius Hoof and John Shuan) are convicted on October 22 of piracy and robbery and hanged on November 15.[77]
November 28 – Pirates led by
Edward Teach, more popularly referred to as "
Blackbeard", and
Benjamin Hornigold capture the French slave transport Concorde near island of
Saint Vincent the West Indies.[79] Blackbeard renames the vessel Queen Anne's Revenge, adds to its armaments, and makes it his flagship.[80] Hornigold soon accepts a British amnesty for all pirates, and Blackbeard teams up with
Stede Bonnet and begins plundering ships approaching North American ports.
François-Marie Arouet is sentenced to imprisonment in the
Bastille for eleven months, because of a satirical verse against the Régent of France and his infamous daughter
Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans, who is hiding an illegitimate pregnancy and soon to give birth;[81] Arouet will emerge with the pseudonym
Voltaire and the completed text of his first play, Œdipe.
February 14 – The reign of
Victor Amadeus over the principality of
Anhalt-Bernburg (now within the state of
Saxony-Anhalt in northeastern Germany) ends after 61 years and 7 months. He had ascended the throne on September 22, 1656. He is succeeded by his son
Karl Frederick.
February 21 –
Manuel II (Mpanzu a Nimi) becomes the new monarch of the
Kingdom of Kongo (located in western Africa at present day
Angola) when
King Pedro IV (Nusamu a Mvemba) dies after a reign of 22 years. Manuel reigns until 1743. [86]
May 22 – Sailing the Queen Anne's Revenge English
pirate Edward Teach ("
Blackbeard") leads 400 sailors in four ships, and blockades the port of
Charleston, South Carolina for an entire week, plundering all arriving ships.[90] After their departure, Queen Anne's Revenge and Adventure are both lost at Beaufort Inlet,
North Carolina; a week later. Blackbeard allows
Stede Bonnet to command the Revenge (which is renamed the Royal James) once again. Bonnet rescues 25 sailors abandoned by Blackbeard on a sandbar and continues his life of piracy.
June 3 – Pirates "Blackbeard" and Stede Bonnet accidentally run aground in the ship Queen Anne's Revenge after sailing into
Topsail Inlet in the British colony of
North Carolina. Learning of the royal pardon available to all pirates who surrender before September 5, Teach negotiates a settlement with Colonial Governor
Charles Eden for a pardon for himself, Bonnet and the rest of his crew in return for the Governor receiving some of the pirates' plunder. [91]
September 10 – In France,
Armande Félice de La Porte Mazarin and the Vicomtesse de Polignac, both mistresses of the
Duc de Richelieu, fight a duel with pistols at the
Bois de Boulogne near Paris. Lady Mazarin, who had initiated the duel, is wounded in the shoulder and both survive. Richelieu, though impressed by the willingness of the ladies to fight over his affections, comments Je ne sacrifierai pas un de mes cheveux, ni à l’une, ni à l’autre ("I will not sacrifice anything, not to one, nor to the other.") [93]
October 3 –
Stede Bonnet and his crew are captured near the mouth of the
Cape Fear River and taken to Charleston, South Carolina, where they are tried for piracy. All but four are found guilty and sentenced to death (with 22 hanged on November 8), but Bonnet escapes from prison on October 24.
October 31 – The Mughal Emperor of India,
Farrukhsiyar, restores the titles and responsibilities of his chief adviser,
Mir Jumla III, almost three years after dismissing him.
November 11 – Lightning strikes the powder magazine at the
Old Fortress, Corfu, causing an explosion that kills a large number of people on the island.
November 22 – Citing violations of the amnesty agreement with Blackbeard,
Virginia Governor
Alexander Spotswood sends a
Royal Navy contingent to North Carolina, where they battle Blackbeard and his crew in
Ocracoke Inlet. Blackbeard is killed in action, after receiving five musketball wounds and twenty sword lacerations.
December 5 – Following the death of Charles XII on
November 30, his sister
Ulrika Eleonora proclaims herself Queen regnant of
Sweden, as the news of her brother's death reaches Stockholm.
December 10 – Stede Bonnet is hanged at Charleston, after being recaptured.
February 3 (January 23
Old Style) – The
Riksdag of the Estates recognizes
Ulrika Eleonora's claim to the Swedish throne, after she has agreed to sign a new Swedish constitution. Thus, she is recognized as queen regnant of Sweden.
March 6 – A serious earthquake (estimated magnitude >7) in El Salvador results in large fractures, liquefaction zones, and a sulphuric gas leak. It destroys houses, churches and monasteries.[97]
January 13 –
Maria Sibylla Merian, German-born Swiss naturalist and scientific illustrator, who studied plants and insects and made detailed paintings of them (b.
1647)
March 8 –
Abraham Darby I, English ironmaster, first of that name of three generations of a Quaker family that was key to the development of the Industrial Revolution (b.
1678)
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