From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the year 1688. For the company, see
Alibaba Group .
Calendar year
November 15 : The
Glorious Revolution begins as
William of Orange , primary Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, leads an invasion of England with 20,000 soldiers and marches towards
London .
1688 (
MDCLXXXVIII ) was a
leap year starting on Thursday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Sunday of the
Julian calendar , the 1688th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 688th year of the
2nd millennium , the 88th year of the
17th century , and the 9th year of the
1680s decade. As of the start of 1688, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
January–March
January 2 – Fleeing from the English Navy, English pirate
Raveneau de Lussan and his 70 men arrive on the west coast of Nicaragua, sink their boats, and make a difficult 10 day march to the city of
Ocotal .
[1]
January 5 – Pirates
Charles Swan and
William Dampier and the crew of the privateer Cygnet become the first Englishmen to set foot on the continent of
Australia .
[2]
January 11 – The
Patta Fort and the
Avandha Fort , located in what is now
India 's
Maharashtra state near
Ahmednagar , are captured from the
Maratha clan by Mughul Army commander Matabar Khan. The Mughal Empire rules the area 73 years.
January 17 –
Ilona Zrínyi , who has defended the
Palanok Castle in
Hungary from Austrian Imperial forces since 1685, is forced to surrender to General
Antonio Caraffa .
January 29 – Madame
Jeanne Guyon , French mystic, is arrested in France and imprisoned for seven months.
[3]
January 30 (January 20, 1687 old style) –
King James II of England and Scotland issues
a proclamation offering amnesty to pirates in the West Indies who surrender to
Sir Robert Holmes .
[4]
February 7 – Six French Jesuit scientists,
Joachim Bouvet ,
Jean-François Gerbillon ,
Louis-Daniel Lecomte ,
Guy Tachard ,
Claude de Visdelou and the leader,
Jean de Fontaney , arrive in
Beijing and are welcomed by the
Emperor of China, Kangxi .
[5]
February 17 –
James Renwick , the last of the
Covenanters in Scotland to be martyred for opposing the authority of
King Charles II , is publicly hanged at
Grassmarket square in
Edinburgh .
February 23 –
Abaza Siyavuş Pasha , the
Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire , is assassinated by the
Janissaries , the Turkish troops who had placed him in power in September, after the new Sultan fails to make payment of an expected bonus.
February 28 – The French opera
David et Jonathas , composed by
Marc-Antoine Charpentier , is performed for the first time.
[6]
March 1 – A great fire devastates
Bungay ,
England .
[7]
March –
William Dampier makes the first recorded visit to
Christmas Island , now a territory of Australia, located south of the island of Java (now part of Indonesia).
April–June
April 3 –
Francesco Morosini becomes
Doge of Venice .
[8] : 346
[9]
April 9 –
Morean War : The Venetian forces under
Francesco Morosini evacuate
Athens
[10] and
Piraeus .
April 18 (Julian calendar) – The Germantown Quaker Protest Against Slavery is drafted by four
Germantown
Quakers .
[11]
May 4 – King
James II of England orders his
Declaration of Indulgence , suspending penal laws against
Catholics , to be read from every
Anglican pulpit in England.
[12] The
Church of England and its staunchest supporters, the peers and gentry, are outraged; on
June 8 the
Archbishop of Canterbury ,
William Sancroft , is imprisoned in the
Tower of London for refusing to proclaim it.
May 9 (April 29
OS ) –
Friedrich Wilhelm , the Great Elector of
Brandenburg-Prussia , dies.
[13]
Friedrich III becomes
Elector of Brandenburg-Prussia until
1701 , when he becomes the first King of
Prussia , as Friedrich I.
May 10 – King
Narai of
Ayutthaya nominates Princess
Sudawadi as his successor, with
Constantine Phaulkon , Mom Pi and
Phetracha acting as joint regents.
[14] : 444
[15]
May 17 – The arrest of King
Narai of Ayutthaya launches a
coup d'état .
June 5
June 10 – The birth of
James Francis Edward Stuart (later known as the Old Pretender ), son and heir to James II of England and his Catholic wife
Mary of Modena , at
St James's Palace in London, increases public disquiet about a Catholic dynasty, particularly when the baby is baptised into the Catholic faith. Rumours about his true maternity swiftly begin to circulate.
June 24 – French forces under
Chevalier de Beauregard abandon their garrison at
Mergui , following repeated Siamese attacks; this ultimately leads to their withdrawal from the country.
[18]
June 30 – A high-powered conspiracy of notables (the
Immortal Seven ) invite Dutch
stadtholder
William III of Orange and
Princess Mary to "defend the liberties of England", and depose
King James VII and II .
[19]
July–September
October–December
October 21 – The Venetians raise the
siege of Negroponte .
[8] : 358
October 26 – King
James II of England dismisses his
minister
Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland .
[26]
November 11 (November 1
OS ) –
Glorious Revolution :
William III of Orange sets sail a second time from
Hellevoetsluis , the Netherlands, to take over England, Scotland and Ireland from
King James II of England .
[27]
[28]
November 15 (November 5
OS ) – The Glorious Revolution begins:
William of Orange lands at
Torbay , England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers.
[29] He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save
Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on
London .
November 19 (November 9
OS ) – William of Orange captures
Exeter , after the magistrates flee the city.
[30]
November 20 (November 10
OS ) – The
Wincanton Skirmish between forces loyal to James II led by
Patrick Sarsfield and a party of Dutch troops is one of the few armed clashes in England during the Glorious Revolution.
[31]
November 23 – A group of 1,500
Old Believers
immolate themselves to avoid capture, when troops of the
tsar lay
siege to their
monastery on
Lake Onega .
November 26 – Hearing that William of Orange has landed in
England ,
Louis XIV declares war on the
Netherlands .
[32]
December 7 –
December 7 : The shutting of the gates in
Derry in a stained glass window of the
Guildhall
[33] The gates of
Derry are shut in front of the Jacobite
Earl of Antrim and his "redshanks".
[34] This initiates the
siege of Derry , which is the first major event in the
Williamite War in Ireland .
December 9 – The Battle of Reading takes place in Reading, Berkshire. It is the only substantial military action in England during the Glorious Revolution and ends in a decisive victory for forces loyal to William of Orange.
December 11 – Having led his army to
Salisbury and been deserted by his troops,
James VII and II attempts to flee to France.
December 18 –
William of Orange , Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic and the future King William III of the United Kingdom, enters London.
[35]
Date unknown
Births
Emanuel Swedenborg
January 15 –
Maria van Lommen , Dutch gold- and
silversmith (d.
1742 )
[38]
January 18 –
Lionel Cranfield Sackville, 1st Duke of Dorset , Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (d.
1765 )
[39]
January 23 – Queen
Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden (d.
1741 )
[40]
January 29 –
Emanuel Swedenborg , Swedish scientist, philosopher and theologian (d.
1772 )
[41]
February 4 –
Pierre de Marivaux , French playwright (d.
1763 )
[42]
March –
William Burnet , British colonial administrator (d.
1729 )
[43]
March 14 –
Anna Maria Garthwaite , British designer (d.
1763 )
[44]
April 4 –
Joseph-Nicolas Delisle , French astronomer (d.
1768 )
[45]
April 15 –
Johann Friedrich Fasch , German composer (d.
1758 )
[46]
May 21 –
Alexander Pope , English poet (d.
1744 )
[47]
June 10 –
James Francis Edward Stuart , The Old Pretender , claimant to the English and Scottish throne (d.
1766 )
[48]
July 19 –
Giuseppe Castiglione , Italian missionary to China (d.
1766 )
[49]
June 30 –
Abu l-Hasan Ali I , ruler of Tunisia (d.
1756 )
August 14 – King
Frederick William I of Prussia (d.
1740 )
September 12 –
Ferdinand Brokoff , Czech sculptor (d.
1731 )
[50]
October 17 –
Domenico Zipoli , Italian-born composer (d.
1726 )
[51]
October 22 –
Nader Shah of
Persia (d.
1747 )
[52]
November 15 (bapt.) –
Charles Rivington , English publisher (d.
1742 )
[53]
Deaths
Ferdinand Verbiest
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormond
January 7 –
James Howard, 3rd Earl of Suffolk
[54]
January 27 –
Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang , concubine of Qing Dynasty ruler Hong Taiji (b.
1613 )
[55]
January 28 –
Ferdinand Verbiest , Flemish Jesuit missionary in China (b.
1623 )
[56]
February 2 –
Abraham Duquesne , French naval officer (b.
1610 )
[57]
February 13 –
David Christiani , German mathematician and philosopher (b.
1610 )
[58]
February 17 –
James Renwick , Scottish minister and Covenanter martyr (b.
1662 )
[59]
February 28 –
Johann Sigismund Elsholtz , German naturalist and physician (b.
1623 )
[60]
March 1 –
Sir Thomas Slingsby, 2nd Baronet of England (b.
1636 )
[61]
March 3 –
Marie de Lorraine, Duchess of Guise (b.
1615 )
[62]
March 8 –
Honoré Fabri , French mathematician (b.
1608 )
[63]
March 20 –
Maria of Orange-Nassau , Dutch princess (b.
1642 )
[64]
March 23 –
Marcantonio Giustinian , 107th Doge of Venice (b.
1619 )
[65]
March 26 –
Winston Churchill , English noble, soldier (b.
1620 )
[66]
March 27 –
Frederick, Burgrave of Dohna , Dutch officer, and governor of Orange (b.
1621 )
[67]
April 28 –
Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow , German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (b.
1638 )
[68]
April 29 –
Friedrich Wilhelm, Elector of Brandenburg (b.
1620 )
[13]
May 14 –
Antoine Furetière , French writer (b.
1619 )
[69]
May 22 –
Johannes Andreas Quenstedt , German theologian (b.
1617 )
[70]
June 1 –
Peder Hansen Resen , Danish historian (b.
1625 )
[71]
June 3 –
Maximilian Henry of Bavaria , Roman Catholic bishop (b.
1621 )
[72]
June 5 –
Constantine Phaulkon , Greek adventurer (b.
1647 )
[17]
June 26
June 28 –
Richard Winwood , English politician (b.
1609 )
[75]
June 29 –
Ippolito Lante Montefeltro della Rovere , Italian nobleman and Duke of Bomarzo (b.
1618 )
[76]
July 11 – King
Narai of Thailand (b.
1639 )
[14] : 453
July 21 –
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde , Irish statesman (b.
1610 )
[77]
August 25 –
Henry Morgan , Welsh privateer and Governor of Jamaica (b. c.
1635 )
[78]
August 31 –
John Bunyan , English writer (b.
1628 )
[79]
September 2 –
Robert Viner , Lord Mayor of London (b.
1631 )
[80]
September 9 –
Claude Mellan , French painter and engraver (b.
1598 )
[81]
September 13 –
Sir John Bright, 1st Baronet , English politician (b.
1619 )
[82]
September 20 –
Queen Jangnyeol , Korean royal consort (b.
1624 )
November 26 –
Jacques Goulet , early pioneer in New France (now Québec) (b.
1615 )
[83]
October 4
October 6 –
Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle , English statesman (b.
1653 )
[87]
October 9 –
Claude Perrault , French architect (b.
1613 )
[88]
October 14 –
Joachim von Sandrart , German Baroque art-historian and painter (b.
1606 )
[89]
October 23 –
Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange , French philologist (b.
1610 )
[90]
November 26 –
Philippe Quinault , French dramatist (b.
1635 )
[91]
November 29 –
Bohuslav Balbín , Czech writer and Jesuit (b.
1621 )
[92]
December 4 –
Sir Edward Seymour, 3rd Baronet , Member of Parliament (b.
1610 )
[93]
December 8 –
Thomas Flatman , British artist (b.
1635 )
[94]
December 15 –
Gaspar Fagel , Dutch statesman (b.
1634 )
[95]
December 15 –
Louis Victor de Rochechouart de Mortemart , French military man, brother of
Madame de Montespan (b.
1636 )
[96]
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