January 3 – In
Madras (now
Chennai) in
India, local residents employed by the
East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator
William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[1] A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes. [2]
January 17 –
King Louis XIV of
France reports the success of the
Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant
Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[3]
January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism,
Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the
Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[4] The February 15 deadline is ignored.
February 15 – After the Valdesi in the
Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the
Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[5] The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the
Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[6]
February 27 –
Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of
King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to
Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[7]
March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of
Pierre de Troyes, begins the
Hudson Bay expedition, departing from
Montreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the
Hudson's Bay Company.[8] The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at
Moose Factory on June 19.[9]
April–June
April 9 – As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.
April 22 – In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi,
a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor
Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.
May 25 – The third
war against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.
July 18 –
An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at
Albazino on the
Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.
August 4 – Portuguese soldiers hired by the
East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.
August 15 –
Christina, who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
August 16 –
King James VII of Scotland dismisses the
Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.
August 17 – Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the
Province of Carolina (now
Port Royal, South Carolina) and plunder the city.[19] After three days, the Spaniards begin a march of over 75 miles (121 km) toward the larger port city of
Charles Town.
September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.[22]
October–December
October 17 – As the
Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the
Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.[23] By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.
October 22 – In the
Great Turkish War, the
Siege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across the
Danube River from the recent liberated
Buda, surrenders[24] to Austrian troops of the
Holy League, continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.[25] Buda and Pécs are later combined to form the Hungarian city (and now capital) of
Budapest.
October 31 –
Anglurah Agung, the virtual leader of the island of
Bali as king of the paramount state of
Gelgel, is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.
November 26 – The
Treaty of Whitehall, more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at the
Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".[27] The treaty is broken less than two years later when
King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state of
Maine.
English historian and naturalist
Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county.[30] It is the first document known to mention
crop circles[31] and a double sunset.[32]
^Vance A. Myers, Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast, NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15
^Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).
The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass. Vol. 9. New York: Appleton. p. 3. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^Половцова, А. А. (1905).
Русский биографический словарь (in Russian). Санкт-Петербургское Императорское Русское историческое общество. p. 405. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^The Americana. Vol. 23. The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1923. p. 205. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
^MACARÉ, A.C.
"MACARÉ". www.hogenda.nl (in Dutch). p. 13. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Appleton. p. 569. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
January 3 – In
Madras (now
Chennai) in
India, local residents employed by the
East India Company threaten to boycott their jobs after corporate administrator
William Gyfford imposes a house tax on residences within the city walls. Gyfford places security forces at all entrances to the city and threatens to banish anyone who fails to pay their taxes, as well as to confiscate the goods of merchants who refuse to make sales.[1] A compromise is reached the next day on the amount of the taxes. [2]
January 17 –
King Louis XIV of
France reports the success of the
Edict of Fontainebleau, issued on October 22 against the Protestant
Huguenots, and reports that after less than three months, the vast majority of the Huguenot population had left the country.[3]
January 31 – In the wake of the success of France's campaign against Protestantism,
Victor Amadeus II, the Duke of Savoy, issues an edict against the
Valdesi, the Duchy's Protestant minority, setting a 15-day deadline for members of the Valdesi to publicly renounce their beliefs as erroneous, or face banishment or death.[4] The February 15 deadline is ignored.
February 15 – After the Valdesi in the
Duchy of Savoy decline to obey the edict to convert to Catholicism, Duke Victor Amadeus dispatches a force of 9,000 French and Piedmontese soldiers to enforce the edict.
February 22 – Sweden's Council of State endorses the reforms proposed by King Charles XI for the
Swedish Church Law 1686, after having debated it in three sessions on February 18, 19 and 20.[5] The law confirms and describes the rights of the Lutheran Church and confirms Sweden as a Lutheran state; all non-Lutherans are banned from immigration unless they convert to Lutheranism; the
Romani people are to be incorporated to the Lutheran Church; the poor care law is regulated; and all parishes are forced by law to teach the children within them to read and write, in order to learn the scripture, which closely eradicates illiteracy in Sweden.[6]
February 27 –
Gabriel Milan, the controversial Governor of the Danish West Indies since 1684, is removed from office by order of
King Frederick III and placed under arrest for treason. Three years later, after being found guilty in a trial after being brought back to
Copenhagen, Milan is beheaded on March 26, 1689.[7]
March 3 – A group of 107 French Canadian soldiers, under the command of
Pierre de Troyes, begins the
Hudson Bay expedition, departing from
Montreal on an 800-mile (1,300 km) journey to take control of the properties of British North American settlers of the
Hudson's Bay Company.[8] The group marches for 82 days and arrives at the first Hudson's Bay fort, at
Moose Factory on June 19.[9]
April–June
April 9 – As the Valdesi rebellion continues, the Duke of Savoy issues a second edict, giving the Protestant Valdesi eight days to lay down their arms and allows safe passage into exile for those who agree.
April 22 – In the wake of Savoy's newest repression of the Protestant Valdesi,
a third war breaks out and Protestant pastor
Henri Arnaud leads the resistance with 3,000 rebel soldiers against 8,500 Savoyard soldiers and mercenaries. The Valdesi are overwhelmed within one month.
May 25 – The third
war against the Protestant Valdesi ends. Soon afterward, 2,000 of the Valdesi are massacred, 8,500 taken prisoner and about 3,000 surviving civilians forcibly resettled and converted to Catholicism.
July 18 –
An army of 3,000 Chinese troops demand Russian surrender of a Russian Empire fortress at
Albazino on the
Amur River. The fortress is manned by only 736 Russian soldiers and militia but is armed with cannons. Over the next several weeks, the Chinese troops are joined by another 3,000 men in supply boats, but the Russians hold off the attacks for the next five months. By December, only 24 Russians remain, and Albazino is ceded to China in 1689.
August 4 – Portuguese soldiers hired by the
East India Company mutiny rather than follow orders to join the war in Bengal. The ringleaders are quickly arrested and executed, and the mutiny ends.
August 15 –
Christina, who had ruled as the monarch of Sweden until her abdication in 1654 in favor of her cousin Charles, responds to the revocation in France of the Edict of Nantz and declares that Jews within Sweden will be under her protection.
August 16 –
King James VII of Scotland dismisses the
Parliament of Scotland after the members refuse to remove restrictions on Roman Catholics and on Protestants outside of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. The Parliament does not meet again for more than two and a half years.
August 17 – Spanish troops attack and plunder the Scottish colony of Stuarts Town in the
Province of Carolina (now
Port Royal, South Carolina) and plunder the city.[19] After three days, the Spaniards begin a march of over 75 miles (121 km) toward the larger port city of
Charles Town.
September 30 – The Ottoman fortress of Sinj in Dalmatia falls to the army of the Republic of Venice.[22]
October–December
October 17 – As the
Savoyard–Waldensian wars, draw to a close, the Duke of Savoy announces that the
Protestant Valdisi defenders will be granted safe passage to Switzerland, and that children taken during the war will be allowed to return to their families.[23] By January, a little more than 2,500 Valdisi take the offer.
October 22 – In the
Great Turkish War, the
Siege of Pécs ends when the Ottoman-held city, located across the
Danube River from the recent liberated
Buda, surrenders[24] to Austrian troops of the
Holy League, continuing the Austrian assumption of control of Hungary.[25] Buda and Pécs are later combined to form the Hungarian city (and now capital) of
Budapest.
October 31 –
Anglurah Agung, the virtual leader of the island of
Bali as king of the paramount state of
Gelgel, is killed in battle fighting Batu Lepang (who also dies in the fighting), ending the unification of the island (now part of Indonesia) and causing Bali to split into several principalities.
November 26 – The
Treaty of Whitehall, more formerly the Treaty of Neutrality for America, is signed at the
Palace of Whitehall in Westminster between representatives of King Louis XIV of France and King James II of England, with both sides pledging that "though the two Countries might be at war in Europe their Colonies in America should continue in peace and Neutrality".[27] The treaty is broken less than two years later when
King William's War breaks out in what is now the U.S. state of
Maine.
English historian and naturalist
Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Staffordshire, a collection of illustrations and texts detailing the history of the county.[30] It is the first document known to mention
crop circles[31] and a double sunset.[32]
^Vance A. Myers, Storm Tide Frequencies on the South Carolina Coast, NOAA Technical Report NWS-16 (National Weather Service Office of Hydrology, June 1975) p. 15
^Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).
The Catholic Encyclopedia: Laprade-Mass. Vol. 9. New York: Appleton. p. 3. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^Половцова, А. А. (1905).
Русский биографический словарь (in Russian). Санкт-Петербургское Императорское Русское историческое общество. p. 405. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^The Americana. Vol. 23. The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1923. p. 205. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
^MACARÉ, A.C.
"MACARÉ". www.hogenda.nl (in Dutch). p. 13. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
^Herbermann, Charles George; Pace, Edward A.; Shahan, Thomas J.; Pallen, Conde B.; Wynne, John J. (1910).
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Appleton. p. 569. Retrieved June 2, 2023.