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A word from the editor
Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus
[1] (born in
Katowice,
1980) - Short story: I am a
geek,
otaku,
Mensa member,
Singularitarian,
Magister Artium in
economics since April'04 and in
sociology since April'07, one of
Top 50 (or Top 0.0001%) of most active
Wikipedians (42nd in March'08 is my best record); as of September'09 I was one of the 59 editors who had over 100,000k edits to English Wikipedia. I registered on Wiki on 10 Apr 2004 (User ID 59,002) but I have been editing since December 2003 as an anon. Oh yes, I am a Pole so
read on how to deal with Poles! :>
I love sharing my knowledge and the idea of
telecommuting, so Wiki is a 'home quite close to home' for me, also illustrating the truth in saying if you find work you like, you will never work again. Working on Wiki gives me this great feeling of doing something good and useful *now* - anybody can access my work anytime they wish, there are no delays in article publications, no restriction on who has enough money to pay for my work (hmmm, I can see a problem with this in the long run though... :>). I have now seen Wikipedia grow for years, and it is amazing. I am sure that
in the near future Wiki will rival Google as the best tool on the web. And, of course,
if it is, it should be on Wiki - well, except
spam and like.
My interests concentrate around
history (including
counterfactual history),
political sciences,
communication,
technological singularity,
sociology,
economics, and finally, as perhaps a bit more trivial a hobby, all things related to good
science fiction. Oh, and
games. I am a founding member of the Polish
Ludology Association, after all :)
On the professional side I am a sociologist of
new media, having finished my
PhD in
sociology in August'12. (CoI disclaimer: I am working at the
Hanyang University in Korea). What that means is that I try to understand the impact of changes in
communication technology on our lives. I am
framing myself as a
sociologist of the Internet, with a tad of
social movement and organization expertise. On a related note, I would like to do some historical research as well, regarding
Golden Freedoms of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and its impact on development of democracy worldwide. I also want to look at the
social institution of
hobby shops, as I find the omission of gaming communities from Putnam's
Bowling Alone quite shocking. A lot of my published research so far has been on - ta - dumm! -
Wikipedia (and
wikis in general), as I am becoming more and more fascinated by the often asked question: 'how does this thing work?!' :) I am also pioneering
the use Wikipedia as a teaching tool.
I have taught dozens of university-level courses with students submitting writing assignments in form of Wikipedia articles, and I've even developed a course about Wikipedia. For most of my courses I have developed
a series of freely licensed
Prezi slides, check them out, copy and reuse! More about my teaching stuff, from tools I've developed to the list of articles my students created or improved, can be found
here.
Here are some of my published papers about Wikipedia you may find interesting. If you hit a paywal, stop by
LibGen.
In Fall 2016 WMF published
a blog about me based on an interview :)
Korean TL)
If for some bizarre reason you need to know more about me, just ask.
I don't believe anonymity is good for this project.
Interesting article list
Some
interesting articles which I created or significantly contributed to that were featured on Wikipedia's Main Page (
update). Did you know...
- (19 January 2006) ... that
Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, a high-ranking commander of the
Polish Army, a veteran of
World War I,
Polish-Ukrainian War and the
Polish-Soviet War, was executed by the
Soviets during the
Polish Defensive War of
1939?
- ... that the main languages of
Renaissance in Poland were
Polish and
Latin, and that the leading Polish poet of that period,
Jan Kochanowski, is regarded as a great
Slavic poet?
- ... that in the
Battle of Gdynia during the
Polish September Campaign, the German armed forces captured
Gdynia, an important port and industrial center of the
Second Polish Republic?
- ... that
French-born artist
Jan Piotr Norblin is famous in
Poland for illustrating many important historical moments of the last years of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and is considered one of the most important
painters of the
Polish Enlightenment?
- ... that during the
Battle of Hel, one of the longest battles in the 1939
Polish September Campaign,
Polish forces temporarily separated the
peninsula from the mainland, forming an island?
- ... that the
Merton Thesis claims that
Protestant religion had significant influence on the course of the
scientific revolution?
- ... that firing of
Anna Walentynowicz, a Polish free
trade union activist, was one of the events that led to the giant wave of
strikes in Poland and eventually the creation of
Solidarity?
- ... that throughout the
development of science, many ideas have been
obliterated by incorporation?
- ... that in the aftermath of the
Defence of the Polish Post in Danzig, in the
Polish September Campaign of 1939, all the Polish civilians who had held out for 15 hours against the
SS-led assault were executed?
- ... that in the
Polish legislative election, 1947, the
communist-controlled
Polish government, advised by specialists from
Soviet
Ministry for State Security, ensured its victory by
vote rigging?
- ... that
Wojciech Bartosz Głowacki, a
peasant, became a
Polish
national hero after he captured a Russian
cannon with his
hat during the
Battle of Racławice?
- ... that
A Perfect Vacuum, a 1971 book by Polish author
Stanisław Lem, is an
anthology of imaginary
reviews of nonexistent books?
- ... that
Jakub Uchański, a 16th-century
primate of Poland and
interrex, was suspected of
heresy by the
Pope?
- ... that the
1635
Treaty of Sztumska Wieś between the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and
Sweden was of much interest to contemporary
European
diplomacy?
- ... that a
17th century Polish politician
Mikołaj Sienicki held the office of
marshal of the Sejm recordary nine times and was called a 'Polish
Demosthenes' for his
oratory skills?
- ... that
manifest and latent functions and dysfunctions are
sociological concepts for understanding the hidden reasons for actions and
customs?
- ... that in the
Bezdany train robbery of 1908, led by the future Polish
dictator,
Józef Piłsudski, the
revolutionaries stole over 200,000
rubles?
- ... that
Stanisław Warszycki, a wealthy 17th-century
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
magnate, gave rise to many
legends about his cruelty, and several places in
Poland claim sightings of his ghost?
- ... that
Henryk Zieliński, a modern
Polish historian who
studied in the underground university in his youth, died in mysterious circumstances?
- ... that in the
1930 Polish election, due to government
censorship, opposition papers were reduced to using images of
Nietzsche, because he resembled dictator
Józef Piłsudski?
- ... that
Aleksander Krzyżanowski, commander of
Polish resistance in the
Vilnius region, was arrested by the
Soviets after his unit helped them
liberate Vilnius from the Germans?
- ... that
science fiction and fantasy in Poland traces its origins to the
Polish Enlightenment, and that many Polish
science fiction and
fantasy writers are translated into foreign
languages - with the notable exception of the
English language?
- ... that
Henryk Woliński,
Polish resistance
Armia Krajowa member, was responsible for the creation of
Żegota and saving the lives of thousands of
Polish Jews in
WWII?
- ... that
Aleksandra Piłsudska, a
Polish revolutionary and second wife of
dictator
Józef Piłsudski, helped plan the
Bezdany train raid?
- ... that
Union for Active Struggle was a secret
paramilitary organization dedicated to
reclaiming Polish independence, with support by
Austria-Hungary against the
Russian Empire?
- ... that
Franciszek Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, creator of the
National Bank of Poland and author of many economic reforms in
Congress Poland, has also laid foundations for the
industrialization of the city of
Łódź?
- ... that the
Constitution of the People's Republic of Poland abolished the office of the
President of Poland, replacing it with the
State Council of Poland?
- ... that
His Master's Voice, one of the most acclaimed
science-fiction novels of
Stanisław Lem, is also one of Lem's strongest critiques of the science-fiction genre itself?
- ... that
Henryk Iwański, member of
Armia Krajowa
Polish resistance in WWII, commanded several incursions into the
Warsaw Ghetto in support of the
Warsaw Ghetto fighters?
- ... that
student development theories are tools used by scholars and teachers in understanding how
students gain
knowledge?
- ... that
parasocial interaction is a one-sided
social relationship between the
audience and the
performers?
- ... that
Perfect Imperfection, a 2004
science fiction novel by Polish writer
Jacek Dukaj, raises the issues of
technological singularity,
transhumanism and the
anthropic principle, and presents a unique model of
human evolution?
- ... that
Józef Kossakowski,
bishop and
writer, was one of several prominent Polish politicians sentenced to
hanging as
traitors in the aftermath of the
Warsaw Uprising?
- ... that the
Grodno Sejm of 1793, last
Sejm of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, passed the
Second Partition of Poland with deputies
bribed or
coerced by the
Russian Empire's army?
- ... that the
Worek Plan, a
submarine operation by the
Polish Navy in the early days of the
Polish September Campaign, was a failure as the submarines did not manage to sink a single
German vessel?
- ... that
Piotr Włostowic, a 12th century
voivode of the
Kingdom of Poland, managed to break the alliance between
Władysław II the Exile and
Rus' princes while blinded, muted and exiled?
- ... that in the
Battle of Węgierska Górka, one of the first battles of the
Second World War, four unfinished and undermanned Polish
bunkers held out against an assault of an entire German division for two days and two nights?
- ... that
Other Songs, an
award winning
novel by
Jacek Dukaj, a
Polish science fiction writer, describes a unique world in which the ideas of
Aristotle and
Hegel replace the
laws of physics?
- ... that although the
Polish-Romanian Alliance, an important
alliance of the 1920s, was still in force when the
Second World War began, it had little impact on the
German invasion of Poland in 1939?
- ... that although the last game in the
Battle Isle series was released in 2001, there is an
open source project,
Advanced Strategic Command, to recreate the series?
- ... that
life chances is a
probabilistic concept introduced by
sociologist
Max Weber to determine the likely outcomes of an individual's life, on the basis of certain underlying factors?
- ... that
Wojciech Bobowski was one of the most important
musicians of the
Ottoman Empire, and the author of the
Bible translation into the
Ottoman Turkish language?
- ... that
Flying University was the secret educational
conspiratorial enterprise that existed in
Warsaw,
Poland, in various forms in the 19th and 20th century to provide education outside of the dominating ideology?
- ... that in the late
18th century,
Russian ambassadors to Poland had power that rivalled and even exceeded that of the
Polish king or
parliament?
- ... that
Jacek Dukaj's
Black Oceans, a
Polish science-fiction
novel, received the
Janusz A. Zajdel Award Polish award for sci-fi literature in
2001?
- ... that the
history of communication was dependent on the acquisition of the
FOXP2 gene in
humans, which facilitated the development of
speech 200,000 years ago?
- ... that the fictional
goat
Koziołek Matołek has been a popular
Polish
children's literature character since first appearing in 1933?
- ... that
Walerian Łukasiński, a
19th century
Polish Army
officer, was sentenced to 14 years of
imprisonment by the
Russian Empire, and died in prison after 44 years, becoming one of the
martyrs of the Polish struggle for independence under the
partitions?
- ... that in their
1956 book
Union Democracy,
social scientist
Seymour Martin Lipset and his colleagues describe how the
International Typographical Union once defied
Michels'
iron law of oligarchy?
- ... that
Henry of Masovia,
14th century
bishop of
Płock, might have been
poisoned by his wife, sister of
Grand Duke of Lithuania,
Vytautas the Great?
- ... that
Mikołaj Trąba, first
primate of Poland, took part in the
Battle of Grunwald and might have been a
papal candidate during the
Council of Constance?
- ... that
Bolko II of Świdnica was the last independent
duke of the
Piast dynasty in
Silesia?
- ... that
Tadeusz Hołówko became one of the first victims of the
assassination campaign carried out by the members of the radical
Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists despite his relatively moderate stance in the
Polish-
Ukrainian conflict?
- ... that
Fighting Solidarity, created in response to the
martial law in Poland of 1982, was among the most
radical splinters of
Solidarity?
- ... that
Mury, a
protest song by
Jacek Kaczmarski about events in
Catalonia, became the unofficial
anthem of
Solidarity?
- ... that among the
editors of
Robotnik, an
underground newspaper of the
Polish Socialist Party, were
Józef Piłsudski, future
dictator of
Poland, and
Stanisław Wojciechowski, future
president of Poland?
- ... that
Michał Dymitr Krajewski wrote the first
Polish science fiction
novel in 1785, during the period of
Enlightenment in Poland?
- ... that the cry
For your freedom and ours, one of the
unofficial mottos of Poland, has been popularized by Polish soldiers, exiled from the
partitioned Poland, who fought in various
independence movements all over the world?
- ... that the
Polish capture of Wilno in 1919 set the stage for the future
Polish-Soviet and
Polish-Lithuanian Wars?
- ... that
Battle of the Border refers to the series of battles that were the opening stage of the
Nazi Germany
invasion of Poland in September 1939?
- ... that
Laments by
16th century
Polish poet
Jan Kochanowski, a masterpiece of the
Polish Renaissance, were inspired by the death of the poet's young daughter, Urszula?
- ... that the
Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars of the
16th century saw significant territorial gains for the
Grand Duchy of Moscow, and forced the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania to ally itself closer with the
Kingdom of Poland,
forming the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that 17 days after the
Germans invaded Poland in 1939, the
Soviet Union
joined the invasion, ensuring the fall of the
Second Polish Republic?
- ... that in the early
1900s the illegal
paramilitary
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party assassinated hundreds of Russian
officials,
policemen and
secret agents responsible for repression in
partitioned Poland?
- ... that
Taras Fedorovych, a 17th century
Cossack
hetman, led an unsuccessful uprising over the issue of the
Cossack register?
- ... that the
Political Instability Task Force might have predicted over 85% of major state crises occurring in 1990–1997?
- ... that the
Poniatowski Bridge in
Warsaw was destroyed in both
World Wars?
- ... that the
Society of Friends of Science, first Polish
scientific
organization, founded in 1800, originated from the
Thursday's dinners custom held by the last
king of Poland,
Stanisław August Poniatowski?
- ... that
History Line: 1914-1918, a
turn-based strategy
computer game from 1993, adapted the
software engine of the
science-fiction
Battle Isle series to portray the
First World War?
- ... that on
October 5
1914, a French
Voisin III pilot scored the first air-to-air kill of
World War I?
- ... that
neoclassical
Staszic Palace in
Warsaw was temporary redesigned in a
Russo-Byzantine style when
Poland was
partitioned?
- ... that a church of the
Order of the Holy Ghost once stood at the site of the
Juliusz Słowacki Theatre in
Kraków?
- ... that the
Barbican of Warsaw became obsolete almost immediately after its construction in
1548?
- ... that the
Polish 4th Rifle Division was the only
Polish
military unit that fought in the
Russian Civil War and returned to Poland undefeated?
- ... that the
Great Synagogue in Danzig, one of the most impressive
synagogues of its time, was demolished by the
city council of the
Free City of Danzig even before the
German invasion of Poland began?
- ... that in the
Battle of Zhovti Vody the army of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth faced 1:10 odds for 18 days before its final defeat by the
Cossack-
Tatar alliance?
- ... that the Swedish forces at the
Siege of Jasna Góra were actually German
mercenaries and
Polish supporters of
Charles X Gustav?
- ... that the
Land Coastal Defence that defended the
Polish coast during the
German invasion of Poland was subordinate to the
Polish Navy, not the
Army?
- ... that the title of
Namestnik of Kingdom of Poland became unused and replaced with that of
Governor-General of
Warsaw without any formal
decree after the death of last
namestnik?
- ... that the
Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland of
1815, considered among the most
liberal
constitutions of its time, was increasingly disregarded by the
Polish
government, leading to the
November Uprising of 1830?
- ... that the
Polish minority in Lithuania is the largest
ethnic minority in
Lithuania?
- ... that there are several
theories about the origins of the
name of Poland?
- ... that construction of
Żarnowiec,
Poland's only
nuclear power plant, was cancelled as the project neared completion?
- ... that Russian general
Władysław Wejtko joined the
Polish Army and constructed fortifications in the decisive
Battle of Warsaw?
- ... that a
strike in the
Hipolit Cegielski Industries in
Poznań, June 1956, led to
the first major Polish protest against
communism?
- ... that
General
Stanislav Poplavsky was one of thousands of
Soviet officers who served as commanders, advisors and officials in the
People's Republic of Poland during the
Stalinization period?
- ... that the
Polish Second Army was the second major formation of the
Peoples' Army of Poland fighting alongside the
Soviet Union in the
Second World War?
- ... that
Kazimierz Pelczar, a Polish professor of the
Stefan Batory University and pioneer of
oncological research, was one of the 100,000 victims of the
Ponary massacre?
- ... that
Ponary massacre lasted for 3 years as 100,000
Jews,
Poles and
Russians were murdered by the
Nazis and their collaborators near
Vilnius?
- ... that
Leon Wasilewski, first
Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs, was one of the chief supporters of the
Prometheism policy aimed at breaking up the
Soviet Union?
- ... that a part of
Rawa River in
Silesia is currently so
polluted it is officially classified as a
sewage channel?
- ... that the main force of the
Łódź Army was destroyed in the
Battle of the Border during the
Polish Defensive War of 1939, but an
Operational Group held out for a month
defending the Modlin fortress?
- ... that
legendary
Łysa Góra is the site of an ancient
pagan
temple, a ruined
monastery that gave its name to the
local mountain range and
province and
the tallest TV tower in Poland?
- ... that confusing orders prevented most
Polish forces from taking part in the
Battle of Wilno in 1939?
- ... that reopening of the
Cemetery of the Defenders of Lwów in
2005 marked a major improvement of Polish-Ukrainian relations?
- ... that following
Operation Barbarossa,
two distinct Polish military formations were formed in the
Soviet Union -
the first subordinate to the
Polish government in exile, and
the second one, to the
communist puppet government?
- ... that
Polish general
Józef Zając held
military decorations from
Poland, the
United Kingdom,
France,
Germany,
Austro-Hungary, and the short-lived state of
Central Lithuania?
- ... that
the status of the
Northern Group of Forces, the
Soviet Army unit stationed in Poland from 1945 to 1993, was formally regulated by Soviet-Polish treaty only in 1956?
- ... that
Polish Armed Forces in the West, despite
having their country occupied by the enemy, were one of the most numerous of
Western Allies military formations?
- ... that
bishop
Adam Stanisław Krasiński was one of the leaders of the
Bar Confederation, the first
Polish uprising?
- ... that the
Poznań 1956 protests were the first major demonstration against the
communist government of the
People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that
Antoni Szylling was captured by the Germans as a
Major in the
Russian Army during
World War I, and was captured again by the Germans in
World War II as a
General of the
Polish Army?
- ... that in the
1957 Polish legislative elections, only 723 of 60,000 candidates were allowed to run?
- ... that the events of
Polish October together with
Hungarian November shook the
Eastern Bloc in 1956 and set the course for the
Revolutions of 1989?
- ... that
Polish-Jewish and
American historian
Adam Ulam escaped
The Holocaust by boarding a ship to study in the
U. S. only days before the
Germans invaded Poland?
- ... that the
defection of
Polish secret police agent
Józef Światło in 1953 shook the
Polish United Workers' Party and led to the liberalization of
Polish October?
- ... that the
1928 legislative election is considered the last free election in Poland before the
fall of communism six decades later?
- ... that
reification is a
logical fallacy that occurs when qualities of a
living being are attributed to an
abstract concept?
- ... that the
Institute of National Remembrance, a Polish
research institute on modern
Polish history, has been in a center of recent
Polish politics?
- ... that
historical demography, popularized in the 20th century by French historian
Louis Henry, is the
study of historical records leading to estimations of past
human population?
- ... that the
Jagiellonian Library of
Kraków, dating back to the
14th century, is the largest
Polish collection of pre-
19th century texts?
- ... that
Edward Manning Bigelow is known as the "
father of
Pittsburgh's parks"?
- ... that the concept of a
communist crime was introduced in
Polish law to facilitate studying and
prosecution of crimes committed by people in
authority against Polish citizens or the nation?
- ... that the
Kraków szopka is a unique Polish
Christmas tradition that portrays artistic interpretations of buildings of
Kraków along
nativity scenes?
- ... that the summer 1944
Lublin-Brest Offensive of
Soviet Army succeeded in bringing the Soviets to the vicinity of
Warsaw, where the
Warsaw Uprising began?
- ... that
Władysław Orkan, a
Podhale Polish writer and poet of the
Young Poland movement, never passed his
matura exams?
- ... that
Matysiakowie is both the most popular
radio drama in
Poland and one of the longest running in the world, with over 2600 episodes broadcast since 1956?
- ... that
battle for trade was a phrase introduced by
Polish communist
propaganda for the
nationalization of
private sector
shops?
- ... that
Józef Franczak, last of the
cursed soldiers, was a
resistance fighter for over half his life?
- ... that a
Three-Year Plan succeeded in rebuilding the
economy of Poland from
World War II devastation?
- ... that before
World War II, the
Polish Army prioritized defence planning in case of
Soviet attack over
a plan against German invasion until the late 1930s?
- ... that
Józef Mianowski, a 19th century Polish
academic and personal
physician of
Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna, falsified university records to give
alibis to
Polish insurgents in 1860s?
- ... that 19th century Polish general
Ludwik Mierosławski led revolutionaries in
Poland,
Germany and
Italy?
- ... that
Miss Pittsburgh was the first plane to deliver
airmail between
Pittsburgh and
Cleveland?
- ... that 19th century
Polish noble and farmer
Stanisław Chełchowski published academic works ranging from
ethnography through
agriculture to
mycology?
- ... that
Polish I Corps in Russia, originally intended to fight for the
Triple Entente against the
Central Powers, was forced to ally itself with the German
Ober Ost forces?
- ... that the
Polish-Teutonic War of 1519-1521 was the last of the
Polish-Teutonic Wars, and ended with the
Prussian Homage?
- ... that the 1621
Battle of Khotyn resulted directly in the death of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth leader,
hetman
Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, and indirectly in the death of the
Ottoman Empire commander,
sultan
Osman II?
- ... that
Będzin Castle, an important fortress in
medieval Poland, fell into disrepair in the
Renaissance era, was almost demolished in the 19th century and was rebuilt only in the 1950s?
- ... that one of the most influential people in
Polish-French relations was
Napoleon Bonaparte, still considered a hero in Poland and mentioned in the
Polish national anthem?
- ... that in the
Polish-Ottoman War of 1672-1676, a few years before crippling the
Ottomans at the
Battle of Vienna, the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was forced to sign an unfavorable treaty with the Empire?
- ... that according to a legend,
Polish-Lithuanian noble
Mikołaj Sapieha stole a Holy Painting from a private
Papal chapel in Rome?
- ... that the April 1920
Polish-Ukrainian agreement became the legal justification of the
Kiev Offensive against
Bolshevik Russia?
- ... that the
10-day battle for the Festung Kolberg in March 1945 was one of the most intense
urban battles of the
Polish First Army, destroying most of the city?
- ... that the
Polish Army in France continued to fight in the
Battle of France despite
Pétain’s call for
armistice and
demobilization?
- ... that
Stanisław Patek, dropped from the
Russian Empire's list of attorneys for defending
political dissidents, was later involved in the creation of a new
Polish legal system?
- ... that in the
Smolensk War, the
Russian Tsardom and
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth tried various
Western military innovations and strategies for the first time?
- ... that
Protestant and
Orthodox minorities gained significant concessions from the
Catholics during the
election sejm of 1632?
- ... that the
Polish Resettlement Corps was tasked with organizing the 250,000 members of the
Polish Armed Forces in the West, over half of whom eventually chose to
settle in the UK instead of returning to
communist Poland?
- ... that
coffin portraits of
nobility of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth were meant to create an impression that the deceased is taking part in the
funeral?
- ... that the Polish historian and survivor of the
Nazi German
Operation Sonderaktion Krakau
Stanisław Kutrzeba formed an
underground university in defiance of Nazi edicts?
- ... that the real objective of the 1732
Treaty of Three Black Eagles, where
Prussia,
Austria and
Russia agreed to support the Portuguese
Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém in
elections to the
Polish throne, was to create a rift between
France and Prussia?
- ... that in 1526, with the heirless death of
Janusz III Mazowiecki, last of the
Masovian
Piasts, the
Duchy of Masovia was
reunited with
Poland?
- ... that the
military doctrine of the
cult of the offensive was one of the main
causes of World War I?
- ... that
Piłsudski's Mound, built in 1937, is the youngest and largest of the four
mounds of
Kraków?
- ... that after the
November Uprising in
partitioned Poland, the government of the
Russian Empire offered a
bounty for one of the Polish leaders,
Jan Czyński?
- ... that the leaders of the failed
coup in Poland in 1919 were arrested by their intended troops?
- ... that Polish
bishop of Płock
Antoni Julian Nowowiejski, murdered by German
Nazis in
Soldau concentration camp, became one of the
108 Martyrs of World War Two?
- ... that
Polish-American historian
Jerzy Jan Lerski was a member of the
cichociemni, a Polish elite commando unit, during
WWII?
- ... that the
Łódź insurrection was one of the largest disturbances of the
Russian Revolution of 1905?
- ... that Polish painter and politician
Henryk Józewski protected Ukrainian leader
Symon Petliura from
extradition to
Soviet Union by hiding him in his flat?
- ... that
Wilhelm Koppe, one of the chief
Nazi
Holocaust perpetrators in
occupied Poland, escaped arrest and under false name managed a
Bonn
chocolate factory for over a decade?
- ... that the now-
Polish
Gliwice Canal was known as the "
Adolf Hitler Canal" during
WWII?
- ... that the
Little Treaty of Versailles was the first of several
Minority Treaties, and
Poland's renouncing of it was the deathblow to the
League of Nations'
ethnic minority-protection regime?
- ... that the
Minority Treaties of 1919-1921, designed to protect
ethnic minorities, were not implemented on the victorious
allies of World War I?
- ... that popularity of
German Minority, a party of the
German minority in Poland, has been steadily declining since its establishment?
- ... that despite losing almost one third of their men in the
Battle of Osuchy,
Polish resistance in the
Zamość region successfully engaged Germans during the nationwide
Operation Tempest only a month later?
- ... that
Jan Czerski,
exiled to Siberia after the
January Uprising, became a
self-taught scientist and
Siberian explorer, thrice decorated with the gold medal by the
Russian Geographical Society?
- ... that
Bonawentura Niemojowski, a Polish politician during the
Congress Poland period, became one of the most vocal supporters of the
November Uprising against the
Russian Empire and a leader of the
revolutionary Polish government?
- ... that among the founding members of
Philomathes - a clandestine Polish student organization in
Imperial University of Vilna in
partitioned
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth - was
Adam Mickiewicz,
one of the three
national poets of
Poland?
- ... that
Berlinka was a partially constructed
highway built by
Nazi Germany that was intended to span the
Polish Corridor from
Berlin to
Königsberg,
Prussia?
- ... that during the
negotiations in Ostrów in 1392, the principal Polish negotiator,
Henry of Masovia,
bishop of Płock, fell in love with the sister of his opponent,
Vytautas the Great?
- ... that in 1866
Polish exilees to Siberia
staged an uprising trying to escape to
China?
- ... that
Kazimierz Pużak, once considered for
president of Poland, was one of the leaders of the
Polish Secret State arrested by
Soviets and sentenced in the
Trial of the Sixteen?
- ... that
Golden Liberty, the
political system of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, similar to
federation and
democracy, became ineffective when faced with the surrounding
monarchies?
- ... that
Żeligowski's Mutiny, which resulted in the creation of the
Republic of Central Lithuania in late 1920, was in fact staged and carried out with the knowledge of Polish leader
Józef Piłsudski?
- ... that the Polish
rock band
Czerwone Gitary reached the heights of its popularity in the 1960s, and was known as the Polish
Beatles?
- ... that
Otto Magnus von Stackelberg,
Russian ambassador to Poland, can be considered an unofficial but
de facto ruler of
Poland?
- ... that the Polish side tried to keep the
Suwałki Agreement limited in scope so that it would not interfere with the planned
Żeligowski's Mutiny?
- ... that the
Battle of Chudniv in 1660 was the largest
Polish victory over the
Russians until the
Battle of Warsaw in 1920?
- ... that without adequate
scouting,
Russian forces advanced blindly into the
Battle of Lubar in 1658 during the
Russo-Polish War, and were soundly defeated by a
Polish army much larger than expected?
- ... that the
Battle of Szkłów in 1654 occurred during a
solar eclipse?
- ... that
Jan IV Oświęcimski, the
duke of Oświęcim from 1445 to 1456, harassed the
King of Poland so much that he was paid a debt that was promised him four years earlier?
- ... that the
Battle of Kostiuchnówka during the
Brusilov Offensive in summer 1916 is considered the largest and most vicious of the battles involving the
Polish Legions?
- ... that the
testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty,
High Duke of Poland, in 1138, led to the
fragmentation of Poland which lasted for 200 years?
- ... that
Lód, the most recent book by
Polish science-fiction writer
Jacek Dukaj, is an
alternate history novel of over 1000 pages?
- ... that in the
Polish-Austrian War of 1809, part of the
War of the Fifth Coalition, Polish forces under
Józef Antoni Poniatowski neutralized an Austrian force twice their size and liberated most of the
Austrian-held Polish territory?
- ... that
E.Wedel, a famous
confectionery company of
Poland, retained its
logo even under the
Polish communist government?
- ... that
Nazi Germany
planned to starve tens of millions of Jews, Poles and Soviet citizens in order to simultaneously
eliminate "surplus population" and feed German citizens and their army?
- ... that despite German and
Soviet attempts to destroy
Polish culture during World War II, it was kept alive by underground activities, with the Polish
Home Army even creating
newsreels?
- ... that Polish duke
Władysław the White gained a nickname of King Lancelot due to his adventurous life?
- ... that
Abraham Gancwajch was one of the most prominent Jewish
Nazi collaborators and criminals in the
Warsaw Ghetto?
- ... that
Group 13 was a notorious group of Jewish
Nazi collaborators within the
Warsaw Ghetto, known as the Jewish
Gestapo?
- ... that
Multinational Division Central-South, part of the
Multinational Force Iraq, has been under the
Polish command since its creation in 2003?
- ... that the
Academy of Music in Warsaw, the oldest and largest
music school in
Poland, is named after the most famous of its students,
Fryderyk Chopin?
- ... that about 12 million people were
forced laborers in Nazi Germany during World War II, and less than 2 million received direct compensation after the war?
- ... that
Independent Operational Group Polesie, composed of mostly reserve and second line troops, was nonetheless the last regular unit of the
Polish Army to capitulate during the
German invasion of Poland in 1939?
- ... that Red Plague, a
poem of
Józef Szczepański, commander of
Batalion Parasol during the
Warsaw Uprising, was banned in the
People's Republic of Poland due to its
anti-Soviet sentiments?
- ... that the
battle of the Dukla Pass was one of the bloodiest battles in
Slovakia's history and contributed to the failure of the
Slovak National Uprising?
- ... that
Brest Fortress was belatedly honoured by the
USSR as a
Hero Fortress in 1965 for its
resistance to the
Nazi invasion in 1941?
- ... that
Jakub Wejher, one of 17th century
Poland's richest
magnates, founded the town of
Wejherowo?
- ... that despite much preparation by
Prussia,
Toruń Fortress, one of the largest defence complexes in
Central and
Eastern Europe, did not play a significant role in
World War I?
- ... that
Karol Szajnocha, one of
Poland's leading 19th century historians, was
self-taught as he was expelled from university?
- ... that
Operation Himmler was a
Nazi Germany
false flag operation, intended to create an appearance that the
German invasion of Poland was a defensive war provoked by a Polish attack on Germany?
- ... that
Alexander Solzhenitsyn composed his 12,000-lines long poem
Prussian Nights while imprisoned in a
GULAG camp, writing down each day a few lines on a bar of soap?
- ... that over 90% of
Lithuanian Jews perished in the first few months of
Operation Barbarossa in the
Holocaust in Lithuania?
- ... that in the 1944
Battle of Murowana Oszmianka, the
Polish resistance
Armia Krajowa dealt a significant defeat to the Nazi-Lithuanian
Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force?
- ... that the
Zamość Uprising was one of the major operations of the
Polish resistance movement in World War II, and succeeded in significantly delaying
German plans to evict the Polish inhabitants and colonize the region?
- ... that
Polish – Ukrainian relations have been steadily improving since the
fall of communism, and both countries now have a strong strategic relationship?
- ... that Polish
war correspondent
Melchior Wańkowicz was charged with "
slandering the
People's Republic of Poland", for criticizing the state in a private letter?
- ... that
revolution in the Kingdom of Poland, part of the
Russian Revolution, included a three-year-long school strike against the
russification of the Polish educational system?
- ... that
lumpenbourgeoisie, a
neologism of
lumpenproletariat and
bourgeoisie popularized by economist and sociologist
Andre Gunder Frank, is used to describe colonial and
neocolonial
elites in
Latin America?
- ... that neither the
far right
Lizard Union nor the
communist
Armia Ludowa, both parts of the
Polish resistance in World War II, recognized the
Polish Underground State?
- ... that
silva rerum was a type of a multi-generational
chronicle, kept by many
Polish noble families from the 16th through 18th centuries?
- ... that
Frederick II of Prussia was elated by the
First Partition of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that the book
Fear by
Jan T. Gross has been a subject of significant controversy in
Poland?
- ... that to preserve national unity,
Polish king
Stefan Batory restored the city of
Danzig's
economic and religious privileges after
an uprising?
- ... that
sociology was banned as a
bourgeois science by the
Polish government in the
Stalinist period 1948–1956?
- ... that the
Polish-Lithuanian
union of Lublin in 1569 marked the beginning of centuries of struggle
between Poland and Russia over
Central and
Eastern Europe?
- ... that
rabbi
Dow Ber Meisels of
Kraków and
Warsaw was a prominent supporter of Polish independence, including both the
November and
January Uprisings?
- ... that
sociology of the Internet is one of newly emerged
branches of sociology concerned with issues such as the
digital divide, online
social capital and
public sphere?
- ... that after agreeing to a
prisoner exchange following the 1799
Siege of Mantua, the
Austrians reneged by arresting soldiers of the
Polish Second Legion as "
deserters"?
- ... that
sociologists distinguish between general
social movements and specific
social movement organizations?
- ... that
social interface is a term used in
social sciences both in a theoretical literature, and in a practical design of computer
user interfaces?
- ... that
Open Access movement, a
social movement in
academia dedicated to the principle of
open access—
information sharing for the
common good—traces its history to 1960s or earlier?
- ... that the
colonels' group dominated the Polish government for most of the history of the
Second Polish Republic?
- ... that the
Battle of Kokenhausen saw one of the most successful uses of the
Polish hussars?
- ... that despite total defeat of the Polish forces in the
Mongol invasion of Poland, the
Mongols did not occupy the country?
- ... that after the
Battle of Chmielnik, a major victory for the
Mongols during their
invasion of Poland, inhabitants of
Kraków abandoned their city?
- ... that the
Wawer massacre around
Christmas 1939 in
occupied Poland is considered one of the first
large massacres of Polish civilians by Nazi Germany?
- ... that
political opportunity theory explains the rise and decline of
social movements by their dependence on outside, political factors?
- ... that
Polish
mountaineer
Tadeusz Piotrowski, one of the finest winter mountaineers of the 1970s and '80s, died during descent from
K2, after completing the first and only ascent by the "South Face"?
- ... that
Supreme National Tribunal, a
war crime
tribunal active in
Poland from 1946 to 1948, presided over seven high-profile cases, including the First
Auschwitz Trial?
- ... that cancer specialist
Julian Aleksandrowicz, a
Polish Jew, joined
Polish resistance
Armia Krajowa after being aided in the
Kraków ghetto by one of the
Polish Righteous?
- ... that
Łaski's Statute of 1505 was the first
codification of
Polish law?
- ... that in the aftermath of the
Second Partition of Poland in 1793, the
Kościuszko Uprising occurred in 1794?
- ... that
Three Emperors' Corner is a former
tripoint between the
Austrian Empire,
German Empire and the
Russian Empire, created in the late 19th century in the aftermath of the
partitions of Poland?
- ... that
Nazi Germany
used thousands of Polish laborers to build infrastructure for their
invasion of the Soviet Union?
- ... that in 1919, Poland
tried to overthrow the Lithuanian government, but the
Sejny Uprising resulted in the plan's failure?
- ... that historian
Richard C. Lukas estimated that upwards of
one million Poles were involved in the rescue of Jews during the Holocaust?
- ... that
Mieczysław Jagielski negotiated the agreement which recognized
Solidarity as the first independent trade union within the
Eastern Bloc?
- ... that
Order of the Builders of People's Poland was the highest civilian decoration in the
People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that
overchoice refers to the situation where when faced with too many
choices, people become indecisive and unhappy?
- ... that
Tytus Filipowicz, nominally the first
Polish ambassador to
Georgia, was captured during the
Soviet invasion and ultimately organized the first Polish embassy to the
Soviet Union?
- ... that
Baruch Steinberg was the Chief
Rabbi of the
Polish Army during the
German invasion of Poland in 1939, and died a year later as a
Soviet prisoner of war in the
Katyn massacre?
- ... that after the
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the
Polish II Corps in Russia refused to surrender to the
Germans?
- ... that in the
Prussian partition of
Poland,
Germanization policies had the opposite effect of strengthening Polish national consciousness?
- ... that out of three
partitions of Poland, the
Russian partition was the largest and most populous?
- ... that out of three
partitions of Poland, the
Austrian partition had the most local autonomy, but was also the poorest?
- ... that the
Red Army invasion of Georgia in 1920 prevented the
Polish-Georgian alliance from being fully implemented?
- ... that the song "
The Red Poppies on Monte Cassino", one of the best-known Polish war songs, was written during the
Battle of Monte Cassino in May 1944?
- ... that
Jerzy Putrament, a Polish communist writer and politician, in his youth flirted with the right-wing
endecja movement?
- ... that one of Russia's most famous writers,
Fyodor Dostoyevsky, was a proponent of the
Russian autocracy?
- ... that
Czesław Wycech, Polish
peasant movement activist, was also involved with
underground education in occupied Poland during WWII?
- ... that
Leon Kruczkowski, a major figure in post-
WWII
Polish theater, was also involved in introducing the
socrealism doctrine in Poland?
- ... that in light of the
Nazi Germany
attempt to destroy Polish culture, the
Secret Teaching Organization created
an underground education system with over a million students?
- ... that the
Bank of Issue in Poland, created by the Nazis to support the
Nazi economy, was penetrated by the
Polish resistance which used it as a source of falsified documents?
- ... that in the
Battle of Loyew in 1649, dismounted
Polish hussars took a
Cossack
wagon fort?
- ... that
Mykhailo Krychevsky, a respected military commander, switched sides during the
Khmelnytsky Uprising, joining the
Cossacks, and died soon afterwards in the
Battle of Loyew?
- ... that
Polish historian, army officer, and independence activist
Wacław Lipiński joined the
anti-communist resistance, was arrested by
communist secret police in 1947 and died in prison two years later?
- ... that from
14th to
17th century, the
Tęczyński family from
Lesser Poland had a major influence in the
Kingdom of Poland?
- ... that
Polish caricaturist
Eryk Lipiński worked for the
Polish resistance during World War II, forging documents, and was imprisoned in
Auschwitz?
- ... that the
Secret Military Printing Works of the
WWII
Polish resistance
Home Army was probably the largest underground publisher in the world?
- ... that
Adolf Pilch,
Polish resistance fighter trained by
SOE during
WWII, fought against both
Nazi Germany and the
Soviet Union?
- ... that
French submarine Doris was sunk by
German submarine U-9 in May 1940, after being ordered to sortie with significant damage, rendering it unable to dive?
- ... that in the
Battle of Warsaw in 1705, a Swedish force of 2,000 men defeated a Polish-Lithuanian-Saxonian force five times as strong?
- ... that despite historical border disputes,
Poland – Czechoslovakia relations were friendly, and during
WWII their
governments-in-exile considered forming a
confederation?
- ... that
Minsk Ghetto was the largest
ghetto in the
German-occupied territory of the
Soviet Union?
- ... that an uprising led by local chapter of the
Jewish Combat Organization occurred in the
Będzin Ghetto during its final liquidation in early August 1943?
- ... that the most successful of
Nazi Germany's
anti-partisan operations of the Second World War was
Operation Hannover?
- ... that some
Nazi German anti-partisan operations later became the basis for
counter-insurgency policies developed by countries such as
France and the
United States?
- ... that
Jerzy Borejsza, in charge of the
Polish communist
cultural policy in the
early postwar years, was so influential that his network was called an "empire" or "state within a state"?
- ... that
Polish
Jesuit and missionary
Jan Mikołaj Smogulecki introduced the knowledge of
logarithms to
China in the mid-17th century?
- ... that Polish merchant
Jan Dekert was a vocal advocate for the enfranchisement of
burghers during the
Great Sejm in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that American
Louis Littlepage had to receive a special permission from the
US Congress to serve as a secretary to the last king of Poland,
Stanisław August Poniatowski?
- ... that while most
Enlightenment scholars
criticized the Byzantine system of the
Eastern Roman Empire,
Konstantin Leontiev, a scholar from the
Russian Empire praised it for the very same reasons?
- ... that the
capture of Bologna on 21 April 1945 was the last battle of the
Polish II Corps?
- ... that the
battle of Ancona was the only independent operation of the
Polish II Corps in World War II?
- ... that
Jan Piekałkiewicz, a leading
Polish
statistician, became the
Polish Underground State's
Government Delegate, and died at the hands of
Nazi Germany?
- ... that
Gazette de Leyde was likely the most important
newspaper of the late 18th-century Europe, and the only one read by
Louis XVI?
- ... that the
Black Procession of Polish
burghers in 1789 resulted in the passage of the
belated major urban reform in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that the
1923 Kraków riot resulted in over 30 fatalities and helped in the fall of the
Chjeno-Piast government of
Wincenty Witos?
- ... that
the study of sociology in China was repressed as a
bourgeois pseudoscience during the early
communist era?
- ... that the
Środa treasure, one of the most valuable archaeological finds in 20th-century
Europe, was originally lost during the
Black Plague?
- ... that
Marxist sociology, despite
Marxist influences on the
Russian Revolution, for a time has been
suppressed in the Soviet Bloc, while flourishing in
the West?
- ... that the
Soviet Peace Committee, a
peace movement created and sponsored by the
Soviet Union, criticized Western policies but defended Soviet ones?
- ... that
Dartmouth Conferences is one of the longest ongoing bilateral unofficial dialogues between American and Soviet (now, Russian) representatives?
- ... that
Statutes of Casimir the Great from the 14th century were the first codification and the basis of modern
Polish law?
- ... that
Nazi German
regulation of Polish forced laborers intentionally created and supported
discrimination on the basis of
ethnicity?
- ... that Polish historian and socialist activist,
Adam Próchnik, was alleged to have been an
illegitimate son of the Polish Prime Minister
Ignacy Daszyński?
- ... that the architectural style of the
manor houses known as dwór or dworek that evolved during the late
Polish Renaissance period still inspires some contemporary Polish manors?
- ... that while
Venice lost some territories in the
Peace of Turin in 1381, it was in fact winning the
Venetian–Genoese Wars?
- ... that
Dymitr of Goraj, one of the most powerful people in the late 14th-century
Kingdom of Poland, was instrumental in preventing the marriage between
Jadwiga of Poland and
William, Duke of Austria?
- ... that in 1900 alone the Eastern German provinces lost about 1,600,000 people due to
Landflucht?
- ... that
Adolf Bniński, Polish presidential candidate in 1926, was the
Government Delegate of the
Polish Underground State for the
Polish territories annexed by Nazi Germany?
- ... that in the
Polish – Muscovite War of 1577–1582,
Muscovy failed in its attempt to gain access to the
Baltic Sea?
- ... that in 1882, almost a century after the
final partition of Poland, Polish explorer
Stefan Szolc-Rogoziński tried to found a
Polish colony in
Cameroon?
- ... that
Kordian, a
romantic
drama by one of Poland's
Three Bards,
Juliusz Słowacki, is a
polemic with
Dziady, an earlier work by another of the Three Bards,
Adam Mickiewicz?
- ... that many Jews of the
Radom Ghetto in
occupied Poland were
forced to work in the
local arms factory?
- ... that one of the most notable actions of
minor sabotage in
occupied Poland during
World War II involved stealing a propaganda plaque from
the monument of
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik)?
- ... that the
Nicolaus Copernicus Monument in Warsaw was inspired by a comment made by
Napoleon, and was nearly melted down by
Nazi Germany after the
Warsaw Uprising?
- ... that
Wronki Prison is the largest prison in
Poland?
- ... that Polish general
Józef Haller de Hallenburg faked his death in the 1918
Battle of Kaniów?
- ... that the
Zamojski Academy, the fourth-oldest
institution of higher education in Poland, was founded in 1594 at
Zamość by
Royal Chancellor
Jan Zamoyski?
- ... that
Sosnowiec Ghetto was the setting of the
Maus comic book?
- ... that
Władysław Oporowski,
archbishop and
primate of Poland, was a chief political rival of cardinal
Zbigniew Oleśnicki?
- ... that the proposed
Lithuanian – Polish – Ukrainian Brigade reflects attempts by the
Polish government to tie
Ukraine more closely with
the West?
- ... that the
Puławy Legion of the
Imperial Russian Army, supported by
National Democrats, was formed to counteract the
Polish Legions of the
Austro – Hungarian Army, an initiative of
Piłsudski?
- ... that the
Duchy of Belz was passed as a
dowry by
Władysław Jagiełło, king of Poland to
Siemowit IV, Duke of Masovia, upon Siemowit's marriage to Władysław's sister,
Alexandra?
- ... that the
Jakub Wujek Bible served as the main
Catholic
Bible translation into
Polish for more than three centuries?
- ... that one of the findings of
sociology of leisure has been that amount of free time is not significantly dependent on one's wealth?
- ... that
Tearoom Trade, a study by sociologist
Laud Humphreys of
homosexual acts taking place in
public toilets, caused a major debate on
ethics in
observation?
- ... that a
double-barreled question asks about more than one thing, but allows only one answer?
- ... that
univariate analysis is the simplest form of
quantitative (statistical) analysis?
- ... that
biosocial criminology predicts that
left handed individuals are more likely to engage in
criminal behavior than
right handed ones?
- ... that
people's veto is a type of a
referendum that allows citizens to appeal an existing law?
- ... that
Gazette d'Amsterdam was one of the most important
European newspapers of the
Enlightenment period?
- ... that not all
complex questions are
informal fallacies?
- ... that
Justus van Effen has been recognized as one of the most important
Dutch language writers of the eighteenth century and an influential figure of the Dutch
Enlightenment?
- ... that the
Hollandsche Spectator, inspired by the British
Spectator, was one of the most important developments in
Dutch literature during the
Enlightenment period?
- ... that
Courier du Bas-Rhin, one of the leading European papers of the late 18th century
Enlightenment period, and the main rivals of the
Gazette de Leyde, was significantly controlled by the
Prussian government?
- ... that controversies related to the
human experimentation in the United States
led to the introduction of the
institutional review boards?
- ... that
Haiti economic reforms of 1996 were designed to restore the
economy of Haiti after the economic shocks of early 1990s?
- ... that American sociologist
Mildred Parten developed
a theory on children's stages of play?
- ... that much of the information that reaches
Chinese media is published in the
limited-circulation reports for government officials, not in the regular press?
- ... that
James Morris Blaut's death prevented him from finishing his trilogy of books criticizing
Eurocentrism?
- ... that economist
Eric Jones is known for popularizing the term
European Miracle?
- ... that Venezuelan farmer
Franklin Brito amputated a finger for the television cameras and died as a result of several years of a
hunger strike in protest over a series of court rulings?
- ... that the
Tamaulipas massacre that occurred on 24 August 2010 has been described as "the worst known atrocity" of the
Mexican Drug War?
- ... that proper design of a
sampling frame can be crucial in
statistical
research?
- ... that
variables and attributes are some of the most basic concepts in
science?
- ... that
bivariate analysis is one of simplest forms of
quantitative (statistical) analysis?
- ... that interments at the
Gunnersbury Cemetery in
London include
a Polish president and
Commander-in-Chief?
- ... that
Francesco Nullo is commemorated in both
Italy and
Poland as a hero of those countries' struggle for independence?
- ... that public perception of
graffiti in New York is slowly changing from an act of
vandalism to a form of
art?
- ... that
François Rochebrune, the
French commander of the
Zouaves of Death,
once disciplined panicked
Polish troops by asking them what time it was, which was the only
Polish he knew?
- ... that
Eric Hobsbawm's
The Age of Empire: 1875–1914 is a
Marxist study of the period of the
Belle Époque?
- ... that several
ordas (hordes) originated on the
Eurasian Steppe, including the famous
Golden Horde?
- ... that
repertoires of contention slowly change over time, and include such concepts as
rough music,
sit-ins and
hacktivism?
- ... that the
Battle of Grochowiska, one of the largest battles of the
January Uprising, has been also described as the "most bloody" and a "
Pyrrhic victory" for the Polish insurgents?
- ... that the Polish canned fish paste
paprykarz szczeciński was inspired by an African dish?
- ... that, according to the
theory of generations, major historical events that occur in a
generation's youth, determine the actions they take later in life?
- ... that the authors of the
webcomic
Zahra's Paradise remain anonymous, for fear their coverage of
recent Iranian events could endanger their relatives in
Iran?
- ... that Polish and Italian
prisoners taken by the Russians after the
Battle of Krzykawka were
deported to Siberia?
- ... that in
world-system theory, sociologists debate whether two
world-systems have ever existed during the same period?
- ... that scholars estimate that it takes two or three
generations for a
tradition to emerge?
- ... that Polish poet
Juliusz Słowacki is one of the
Three Bards of
Polish literature?
- ... that the Polish
Pomeranian
anti-Nazi
Pomeranian Griffin resistance organization was persecuted by the
Soviets due to its strongly
Catholic character?
- ... that with over 40,000 citations in scientific literature,
Polish-American
polymer chemist
Krzysztof Matyjaszewski is one of the most cited
chemists in the world?
- ... that the
Commission for Polish Relief provided limited food and medical supplies to
occupied Poland until late 1941, in spite of Britain's 1940
blockade of shipments to
Nazi occupied Europe?
- ... that Polish best-selling
historian and
dissident
Paweł Jasienica, due to his criticism of the
Polish communist government, had his books
removed from distribution and prohibited from printing?
- ... that in the
aftermath of World War I, Polish
agronomist
Mieczysław Jałowiecki lost his renowned estates in
Lithuania?
- ... that in his youth,
Karl Marx wrote a
comedic novel,
Scorpion and Felix?
- ... that about 90% of the world's
amber production comes from the
Amber Coast of the
Sambia peninsula on the
Baltic Sea?
- ... that the 1833 newspaper
Vorwärts!, edited by
Karl Marx, has been described as the "most radical" European newspaper of its time?
- ... that the
1997 Central European flood was caused by some of the heaviest
rains
ever recorded?
- ... that Polish
neurologist
Włodzimierz Godłowski was one of the victims of the
Katyn massacre?
- ... that
Władysław Marian Jakowicki, a
Polish physician and rector of the
Stefan Batory University, was one of 19 faculty members arrested by the
Soviets in 1939 and disappeared without a trace?
- ... that
Mo Li Hua (Jasmine Flower), a popular Chinese
folk song used previously on many official occasions,
was censored due to its association with the
2011 Chinese protests?
- ... that
Émile Durkheim, one of the fathers of
sociology, intended
The Rules of Sociological Method (1895) to be a
manifesto of this discipline?
- ... that
Polish State Forests oversee 77.8% of
forests in Poland?
- ... that
Bloodlands: Europe Between Stalin and Hitler, by
Timothy D. Snyder, discusses the estimated 14 million deaths that occurred in
Eastern Europe between 1933 and 1945?
- ... that the adjective "
Polish-Lithuanian" refers to pre-
nationalistic,
multicultural inhabitants of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, unlike the modern understanding of the two
nationalities?
- ... that
Baron
Ludwig von Westphalen was a friend and mentor of young
Karl Marx?
- ... that a
conman impersonating Oskar Daubmann received international fame, caused an incident in
French-German relations, and helped the
Nazis win the
1932 German elections?
- ... that the
Battle of Bautzen in 1945 was the bloodiest battle of the
Polish Army since the
Battle of Bzura in 1939?
- ... that in the
Battle of Byczyna,
Chancellor and
Hetman
Jan Zamoyski of
Poland-Lithuania took
Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria prisoner, ending the brief
War of the Polish Succession?
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- ... that the Polish faculty expelled by the
Nazis from
Poznań University during World War II formed the
underground
University of the Western Lands
- ... that the phenomenon of
feudal fragmentation has had a significant impact on
European history, particularly during the
Middle Ages?
- ... that the 1945
Augustów roundup which resulted in the disappearance and likely murder of about 600 Polish citizens by the
Soviet Union is considered the largest crime committed in Poland after
World War II?
- ... that Polish-German "cotton king"
Juliusz Karol Kunitzer survived a 1893
assassination attempt, but died during that of 1905?
- ... that during
World War II the
Polish Teachers' Union was mostly active through the
Secret Teaching Organization?
- ... that
Solidarity's victory in the
Polish legislative election, 1989, ushering the
fall of communism in
Eastern Europe, was a surprise to both the communists and the opposition?
- ... that the issue of
Dominium maris baltici was central to Danish and Swedish foreign policy for several centuries?
- ... that the
kremówka cake gained international recognition after
Pope John Paul II noted he once ate 18 of them as part of a bet?
- ... that the
space industry is heavily dominated by the
G7 countries, due to their extensive investment in the
aerospace industry?
- ... that
The Last Ringbearer, an English translation of a Russian
alternative retelling of
Lord of the Rings, has been published as a non-commercial
ebook after a 10-year delay due to fears of litigation?
- ... that the Nigerian
NAPEP
poverty reduction program has been a recent target for
hacktivists?
- ... that the
anarchist
Revolutionary Avengers group from 1910 to 1914 has been described as the most radical terrorist organization in the
history of Poland?
- ... that
Duchy of Opole and Racibórz, one of many
Duchies of Silesia, was created in the 13th century, split by the end of it, and recreated in the 16th by the
last Piast?
- ... that the figure of
Józef Tusk, grandfather of current
Polish Prime Minister
Donald Tusk, was in the center of the "Wehrmacht affair" of the
2005 Polish presidential election?
- ... that the late 19th-century novel
Homo sapiens, although well received in Germany, was withdrawn from sale in the U. S. after being called
obscene?
- ... that
May 3rd Constitution Day, among the most important
Polish holidays, was banned in the former communist state, the
People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that as
political prisoners were released due to the
fall of communism in Poland,
regular prisoners rioted, demanding better conditions and an amnesty?
- ... that
the first two destroyers due to be constructed by domestic shipyards for the Polish Navy were never completed due to the
German invasion of Poland?
- ... that
the official magazine of the
Polish Underground State published 80 issues in the dangerous conditions of occupied Poland?
- ... that the World War II idea of
Polish-Czechoslovakian confederation was eventually discarded by the Czechs, whose leader chose instead to believe in the
Soviet Union promises of alliance?
- ... that the British-supported
Greek-Yugoslav confederation was signed during
World War II, but never came to pass?
- ... that
Polish Jacobin activist, officer of the
Polish Legions,
Kazimierz Konopka, gained notoriety for his involvements in the unrest and hangings during the
Kościuszko Uprising?
- ... that
a masterpiece painting by
Jan Matejko shows more than a dozen figures involved in the passing of the
Polish-Lithuanian
Constitution of May 3, 1791?
- ... that the
effigy of
Jan Suchorzewski, who once threatened to kill his son to prevent the signing of the
Constitution of 3 May, was hanged during the
Kościuszko Insurrection?
- ... that the
Hetman Party of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth called upon
Russia to help defend their
Golden Liberties?
- ... that the reformers of
Kołłątaj's Forge popularized the ideals of the
French Revolution in the
Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that the
Patriotic Party of the late 18th century
Great Sejm succeeded in passing one of the first constitutions in Europe influenced by the
Enlightenment ideals?
- ... that both the
Tarnogród Confederation and the
Silent Sejm were engineered by Russian
Tsar
Peter the Great to strengthen Russia's influence in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
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- ... that
Tadeusz Rejtan is remembered in Poland for his dramatic gesture as a symbol of
patriotism?
- ... that the
Battle of Clervaux, part of the
Battle of the Bulge, has been compared to the
Alamo?
- ... that the same
Partition Sejm that acceded to the
First Partition of Poland also created the celebrated
Commission of National Education, seen as Europe's first ministry of education?
- ... that
Prussian Homage by
Jan Matejko was among the most wanted Polish paintings
searched for by Nazis during World War II?
- ... that the 1773 French satirical drawing of the
First Partition of Poland,
The Troelfth Cake, was banned in several European countries?
- ... that the report
National Science Foundation: Under the Microscope, by US Senator
Tom Coburn, has generated controversy for portraying much scientific research as "silly"?
- ... that the
closed circle of suspects is a common
literary device from the
Golden Age of Detective Fiction?
- ... that
Prussian statesman
Georg von Vincke, known as one of the great
orators of contemporary German politics, fought a duel with
Otto von Bismarck?
- ... that
American Sociological Association's annual award in the
sociology of education is named after
Willard Waller?
- ... that the 2003 historical Chinese TV series
Towards the Republic has been subject to significant
censorship, and compared to
River Elegy, a TV series that influenced the
Tiananmen movement of 1989?
- ... that before his death in 2011,
Tadeusz Sawicz was believed to have been the last surviving Polish pilot to have fought in the
Battle of Britain?
- ... that the reputedly impeccable moral character of
Celestyn Czaplic,
marshal of the Sejm of 1766 in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, became the subject of a
proverb?
- ... that
Natalia Tułasiewicz, Polish teacher, was one of only two lay women
beatified among the
108 Martyrs of World War II?
- ... that the
cross in front of the Presidential Palace in Warsaw became a focus of a major controversy in 2010, regarding the
relations between church and state in Poland?
- ... that nobleman and diplomat
Michał Radziwiłł Rudy was described as a
psychopath by his own cousin, politician
Krzysztof Radziwiłł?
- ... that
numerous Polish formations fought in Russia from the
First World War, through the
Russian Revolution of 1917 up to the
Polish–Soviet War?
- ... that
Wroniec, a dark fairy tale by
Jacek Dukaj, was a
taboo-breaking take on
martial law in Poland, which was in effect from 13 December 1981?
- ... that
Kazimierz Karwowski holds the record for being elected to the most
Sejms of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that the ideas of 17th-century
Polish reformer
Stanisław Dunin-Karwicki have been both praised as the harbinger of later reforms, and criticized for not going far enough?
- ... that
Karl Marx's
theory of historical trajectory attempted to prove the long-term unsustainability of
capitalism?
- ... that the
Triple Alliance of 1788, formed on the verge of the
French Revolution, almost led to the war which would have pitted England and Prussia against Russia?
- ... that the
Andrzej Fidyk's documentary
Defilada about
North Korea, despite its anti-
totalitarian message, was initially praised both by communist Poland's censors and in North Korea itself?
- ... that
Public Domain Day is celebrated on January 1 in several countries, but not in the United States or Australia, where no works will enter the public domain until 2019 and 2026 respectively?
- ... that
Prussia refused to meet its obligations from the
Polish–Prussian alliance of 1790, and instead of aiding Poland during the
Polish–Russian War of 1792, helped Russia to quell the
Kościuszko Uprising the following year?
- ... that the figure of Abbé Morio in
Leo Tolstoy's
War and Peace was modeled on
Scipione Piattoli , one of the drafters of the Polish
Constitution of May 3, 1791?
- ... that the
abolition of serfdom in Poland was spurred by unrest and uprisings such as the
Kraków Uprising and the
January Uprising?
- ... that the 1764
Russo-Prussian alliance, formed two years after the signatories clashed in the
Seven Years' War, allowed them to intervene in internal matters of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that one of the largest operations of the
Combat Organization of the Polish Socialist Party became known as the
Bloody Wednesday?
- ... that the exploits of the Polish partisan
People's Army have been significantly exaggerated by the
propaganda of the People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that
Siedlce pogrom in the
Congress Poland was organized by the
Russian Empire's
secret police, and carried out by the
Imperial Russian Army, whose soldiers were later decorated?
- ... that the
Society of Friends of the Constitution, formed in 1791 to support the
Constitution of 3 May, was the first
Polish
political party?
- ... that
Foucauldian discourse analysis analyzes content by looking at the
power relationships within it, and how the power shapes the language used?
- ... that
Kaytek the Wizard, the second of the novels by Polish author and pedagogue
Janusz Korczak to be translated into English, has often been compared to
Harry Potter?
- ... that in one of its last acts, the
Sejm of the Congress Poland dethroned
Tsar
Nicholas I of Russia from his position as the
King of Poland?
- ... that deputies of the
Sejm of the Duchy of Warsaw circumvented the restriction on debating by staying in the chamber after the session officially ended?
- ... that Polish cabaret creator,
Piotr Skrzynecki, founder of
Piwnica pod Baranami, who became a "legend in his own lifetime", did not care for material wealth and for a time was
homeless?
- ... that an
opole was an early Polish
unit of administration that predated the first formal Polish state?
- ... that
slavery in Poland existed during the
Middle Ages, but eventually disappeared with the transformation of slaves into
serfs?
- ... that Polish writer
Łukasz Orbitowski was one of the pioneers of setting
horror stories in mundane, modern Polish cities?
- ... that at its extreme,
serfdom in Poland required a peasant to work eight days a week for his feudal lord?
- ... that the
Baptism of Poland in 966 led to the emergence of Poland as a proper European state, recognized by other European powers?
- ... that the
cute cat theory of digital activism draws a connection between
Internet censorship and
lolcats?
- ... that
the privileges of Polish nobility were unprecedented in Europe, giving the nobles the right to control most legislation, foreign relations, taxation,
elect a king and
rebel against him?
- ... that
Twitter bombs have been used in
Internet activism by people as diverse as
Barack Obama and members of
Anonymous?
- ... that the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army was so underfunded that it was often outnumbered 12 to 1 by neighboring armies?
- ... that Tunisian police officer and whistle-blower
Samir Feriani became known as "the first 'Prisoner of Conscience' in post-revolutionary Tunisia"?
- ... that the
army of the Duchy of Warsaw was able to field almost 100,000 men, more than the larger
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth ever could for
its army?
- ... that the
Army of the Congress Poland was disbanded after the
November Uprising, which marked the end of an independent
Polish Army for close to a century?
- ... that
Culture Freedom Day, celebrating
free culture, has been inspired by the
Software Freedom Day?
- ... that depending on a time and place, the same
social movement may be
revolutionary or not?
- ... that
Jan Matejko's painting
Stańczyk, portraying a solemn
court jester, is considered one of the most recognized and significant paintings of Poland?
- ... that diplomat
Karol Boscamp-Lasopolski was executed by an angry mob during the
Kościuszko Uprising?
- ... that Polish historian
Stefania Wolicka was one of the first women to receive a
PhD degree in modern Europe?
- ... that
Ignacy Krasicki's
Pan Podstoli (1778) was one of the first Polish novels?
- ... that
Jan Matejko created an ironic self-caricature of himself painting one of his works, the
Astronomer Copernicus, or Conversations with God ?
- ... that
Łazienkowska Thoroughfare, the most famous road in Poland, is part of the main transportation route planned for
UEFA 2012 connecting the
Okęcie Airport to the
National Stadium in Warsaw?
- ... that the 1976 song "
Let Poland be Poland" by
Jan Pietrzak became one of the anthems of
Solidarity?
- ... that
Kabaret TEY was one of the most popular Polish cabarets of the 1970s and 1980s?
- ... that the mountain
Piotruś in the
Low Beskid range is the site of a pond and stream where Saint
John of Dukla is said to have rested?
- ... that
Bajan's list lists the kill scores of Polish
fighter pilots of
World War II?
- ... that sources give two different commanders for the Polish forces participating in the
Battle of Grudziądz?
- ... that one of the most popular Polish cabarets,
Pod Egidą, performing since 1967, has faced persecution from the communist authorities in the
People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that the Cossack
Zhmaylo Uprising ended without a decisive battle having been fought?
- ... that the
Battle of Ochmatów in 1644 was one of the largest victories of the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth over the
Crimean Tatars?
- ... that the
Battle of Martynów of 1624 was one of the largest
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth victories over the
Tatar raiders?
- ... that the Swedes withdrew from the nearly won 1627
Battle of Tczew due to the wound received by their king,
Gustav II Adolf?
- ... that during
World War II, British special forces developed an
explosive rat booby trap?
- ... that the ruined town of
Miedzianka in Poland was a site of a secret Soviet
uranium mine?
- ... that a majority of German-Swedish forces in the
Battle of Czarne mutinied, capitulated and then joined the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Army?
- ... that the
International Sociological Association was established in 1949 under the auspices of
UNESCO?
- ... that
Stanisław Baranowski Spitsbergen Polar Station is named after the Polish glaciologist
Stanisław Baranowski who died in a coma following an accident at the
Henryk Arctowski Polish Antarctic Station?
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- ... that
Teofila Ludwika Zasławska and
her second husband owned
Baranów Sandomierski Castle and three other palaces designed by royal architect
Tylman van Gameren?
- ... that
Kabaret Starszych Panów was a cult Polish cabaret, poking fun at the reality of the early
People's Republic of Poland?
- ... that in 1937 the
Nazis organized the
Degenerate Art Exhibition attempting to discredit
modern art, which
Hitler declared to be
degenerate?
- ... that
Władysław Machejek was a political
hack writer during the
Stalinist reign of terror in Poland following
World War II?
- ... that the June 26, 2012,
Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances has been criticized by the
Electronic Frontier Foundation?
- ... that
Mayer Zald and
John D. McCarthy developed the
resource mobilization theory, which became one of the major theories on
social movements?
- ... that
Poczta Królewiecka, published 1718–20 in
Królewiec (Königsberg), was the second oldest Polish newspaper?
- ... that
sociology in Russia was declared a "
bourgeois
pseudo-science" and banned from the 1930s to the 1950s?
- ... that the
Poland–Russia border, now only 232 km (144 mi) long, used to be much longer?
- ... that
Albert Einstein's letter to the 1948
World Congress of Intellectuals in Defense of Peace was censored to remove his call for a
world government?
- ... that
outreach services can target diverse populations, from
sex workers to
Wikipedia editors and readers?
- ... that
officialese can be traced to the exercise of
authority going back as far as the oldest human
civilizations?
- ... that
CNN International has been accused of suppressing the documentary
iRevolution: Online Warriors of the Arab Spring to appease the
Bahraini government?
- ... that the
shooting down of an F-117 in 1999 during the
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia was the first confirmed downing of a
stealth aircraft?
- ... that
social engagement has been positively linked to
health and
happiness?
- ... that the enforcement of a 2009
three strikes policy introduced to the
copyright law of South Korea has led to tens of thousands of Koreans being disconnected from the Internet?
- ... that hundreds of thousands of art pieces were
looted from Poland during
World War II by
Nazi Germany and the
Soviet Union?
- ... that
Onufry Zagłoba, a character in
Henryk Sienkiewicz'
The Trilogy, has been compared to
William Shakespeare's
Falstaff?
- ... that the recent changes to the
copyright law of Panama, introduced as part of the
Panama–United States Trade Promotion Agreement, have been criticized by the
Electronic Frontier Foundation?
- ... that to seek
self-fulfillment is to seek
the good life?
- ... that the
82nd Airborne Division participated in two end-of-
World War II
victory parades, the
Berlin Victory Parade of 1945 and the
New York City Victory Parade of 1946?
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- ... that 444 years ago, Poland's Royal Posts were entrusted to an Italian banker,
Sebastiano Montelupi?
- ... that
Poland and Spain had no diplomatic relations following the end of
World War II, until two years after general
Francisco Franco's death?
- ... that the term
Al Jazeera effect used to describe the revolutionary impact of
Al Jazeera network on
Arab world media has been generalized more globally to other forms of
new media?
- ... that during the
partitions of Poland, on the lands of the
Austrian partition, the Polish parliamentary tradition was continued first by the
Sejm of the Estates and later, by the
Sejm of the Land?
- 2 hook placeholder
- ... that in the first half of the 19th century, the
Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Posen continued Polish parliamentary traditions in the territories of the
Prussian partition?
- ... that some
conflicts may be beneficial?
- ... that the French author of the World War II
anti-war slogan
Why Die for Danzig?,
Marcel Déat, later became a
Nazi collaborator?
- ... that
Ruthenian nobility became increasingly
polonized with time?
- ... that
Kodak Fortress was destroyed within weeks of its completion in 1635 during the
Cossack
Sulima Uprising?
- ... that the
Legislative Sejm of 1919–21 was the first national parliament of Poland since 1793?
- ... that
Wikipedia is an example of a
produsage community?
- ... that the
Monument to the Ghetto Heroes, site of
Willy Brandt's
Warschauer Kniefall in 1970, was made from
labradorite intended to be used in
Nazi Germany monuments?
- ... that while the roots of the international
human rights movement are about a century old, it grew in global significance around the 1970s?
- ... that the South Korean
Cyber Terror Response Center raided Korean
Google offices over concerns about
Google Street View?
- ... that in
Marxism,
withering away of the state is the process which should lead to a
stateless
communist utopia?
- ... that
the 1943 death of the
Polish government in exile leader, general
Władysław Sikorski, led to
a number of conspiracy theories?
- 2 hook placeholder
- ... that during the
Siege of Zbarazh the
Polish-Lithuanian army withstood the assaults of the
Cossack and
Tatar army about twenty times its own size?
- ... that during the
Battle of Żownin,
Cossack forces constructed a bridge under the cover of darkness to relocate their camp?
- ... that at the
Battle of Dubienka,
Tadeusz Kościuszko repulsed an attack from
Imperial Russian Army forces five times the size of his own?
- ... that while
poverty in South Korea, particularly
absolute poverty, has significantly declined since mid-20th century,
relative poverty has recently risen?
- ... that while spending on
welfare in South Korea has been growing, it is still among the lowest of the
OECD countries?
- ... that in January 2013 the
cybercrime
Virut
botnet was partially taken down through the actions of the Polish domain registrar,
NASK?
- ... that
Michael G. Santos became the first American prisoner to be released from a
maximum security facility?
- ... that
cultural conflict can lead to
ethnic cleansing or
wars?
- ... that the
Magnates of Poland and Lithuania often had
private armies, and exerted significant political influence on the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- ... that the
humanistic coefficient is a major element in the sociological theory of
Florian Znaniecki?
- ... that
trade globalization is an
economic indicator and one of the measures of
economic globalization?
- ... that
cultural homogenization in the context of the
global spread of
Western culture has been described under such names as
McDonaldization,
coca-colonization,
Americanization or
Westernization?
- ... that
hyperconsumerism, "a
consumerism for the sake of consuming", refers to consuming goods for non-functional purposes?
- ... that
August Agbola O'Browne was the only black participant of the
Warsaw Uprising of 1944?
- ... that
poverty in Poland is more likely to affect young than old people?
- ... that during the
Kościuszko Uprising in 1794,
Tadeusz Kościuszko's army
successfully defended the Polish capital of Warsaw from forces under
Frederick William II of Prussia?
- ... that
welfare in Poland is covered by the
constitution of Poland, which contains an article dedicated to
social security as a right of all citizens?
- ... that
Giedroyc Doctrine, developed by emigree publicist
Jerzy Giedroyc in 1970s, shaped the eastern policy of Poland after 1989?
- ... that
Lawrence Lessig's
pathetic dot theory stresses the importance of
computer code in regulating our behavior?
- ... that the testimony of
Holocaust survivors like
Louis Micheels helped to acquit an SS physician,
Hans Münch, at the 1947
Auschwitz trials?
- ... that one of the
Easter traditions in Poland includes making and displaying of the
Easter palm, the tallest of which can reach over 30 metres (98 ft)?
- ... that
smile mask syndrome may affect people whose jobs force them to smile for many hours per day, and is particularly common in Japan and Korea?
- ... that the last Polish
red złoty were the so-called "insurgent ducats" minted at the
Warsaw mint in 1831, on the eve of the
November Uprising?
- ... that
a series of mostly pagan uprisings in 1030s
Kingdom of Poland threw the young Polish realm into chaos?
- ... that
Cossack hetman
Ivan Petrizhitsky-Kulaga was executed by other
Cossacks after he lost a power struggle?
- ... that consumption of
sweetened beverages has been linked to
obesity and related health problems?
- ... that
the statue of General Casimir Pulaski in Washington was sculpted by
Kazimierz Chodziński?
- ... that the most common sources of
added sugar consumption are sweetened beverages?
- ... that the
function of
safety-valve institutions such as
gambling or
pornography is to reduce the tensions in the society?
- ... that late 19th century
poverty in Austrian Galicia, punctuated by
numerous famines, resulted in millions of migrants and even became proverbial?
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- ... that the soldiers who enlisted in the
Polish Armed Forces in the West during WWII were known as "
Sikorski's tourists"?
- ... that one of the skyscrapers proposed for the
Yongsan Dreamhub in Korea caused controversy over its design reminiscent of the
9/11 events?
- ... that
Casimir Pulaski Monument in Savannah, the first American monument to
Pulaski, was built over 70 years after a
US Congress resolution calling for it?
- ... that
Poland has over 2,000 nature reserves, the first of which were created in the 19th century?
- ... that
Jerzy Żuławski's
Lunar Trilogy published in the 1900s was a major milestone in the history of
science fiction and fantasy in Poland?
- ... that
Maria Konopnicka's poem
Rota became so popular it was seen as unofficial
anthem of Poland?
- ... that the
Wawel Dragon statue in
Kraków, Poland,
breathes fire?
- ... that
Tygodnik Ilustrowany was a major Polish
magazine published from 1859 until
World War II?
- ... that the short story
Janko Muzykant was one of
Henryk Sienkiewicz's works mentioned in a speech during his 1905
Nobel Prize in Literature ceremony?
- ... that
face-to-face interaction has been steadily supplemented by
mediated interaction since the invention of the
printing press in 15th century Europe?
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- ... that
Christianization of Bohemia in late 9th century was one of the factors leading to the
Christianization of Poland a century later?
- ... that publication of one of
Adam Mickiewicz's first poems, "
Ode to Youth", was delayed due to
censorship?
- ... that much of the success of the
Christianization of Moravia is attributed to the work of
Saints Cyril and Methodius?
- ... that the 2012
World Economic Forum's
Gender Gap Index found
the United States to have achieved gender equality in education, but ranked it only 55th for
political empowerment?
- ... that the
Battle of Kozludzha on 20 June 1774 was a decisive Ottoman defeat in the
four year Russo-Turkish War that ended a month later?
- ... that although the 1822
Battle of Nauplia ended without any major losses on either side, it is considered a victory for the Greek admiral
Andreas Vokos Miaoulis?
- ... that the
slapstick joke of slipping on a
banana peel might have originated from the perception of those peels as dangerous garbage in 19th-century America?
- ... that scholars are not sure who is portrayed in
Rembrandt's painting
A Polish Nobleman?
- ... that the
Medieval Town of Toruń, one of the
World Heritage Sites in Poland, is recognized as an excellent example of a European medieval town?
- ... that the
Old City of Zamość, one of the
World Heritage Sites in Poland, is recognized as an "outstanding example of a
Renaissance
planned town"?
- ... that the very existence of
Mimana state is a major controversy for Korean and Japanese historians?
- ... that the
Polish question was a major recurring issue in European
diplomacy for well over a century, following the
partitions of Poland in the late 18th century?
- ... that the
Toruń Castle, one of the first castles of the
Teutonic Knights, was demolished by rebellious burghers a century or so after its construction, at the beginning of the
Thirteen Years' War?
- ... that Russian television personality
Anton Krasovsky caused a controversy in Russia by publicly declaring he is gay?
- ... that
kosynierzy, the
war scythe wielding peasantry militia, became one of the symbols of the
struggle for Polish independence?
- ... that one of the
unofficial mottos of Poland,
God, Honor and Fatherland, likely originated from the
Napoleonic motto of the
Legion of Honour order?
- ... that only two and a half pages survive today of the
Bible of Queen Sophia, a priceless artifact of the
Old Polish language?
- ... that the Polish book
Kamienie na szaniec describing the lives of three
Polish underground scouting members was published shortly after their deaths in
occupied Poland?
- ... that the inactive Polish
A.B. Dobrowolski Polar Station is still occasionally visited by explorers of the Antarctic?
- ... that dozens of
Red Army soldiers switched sides and joined the
Polish Army after
several lost engagements during the
Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939?
- ... that
Testament mój was the
poetical testament of
Juliusz Słowacki, one of the
Three Bards of
Polish poetry?
- ... that 1970s
propaganda in the People's Republic of Poland exploited
the technique of exaggerating political and economic successes?
- ... that
Kim Am, an 8th-century Korean scholar,
shaman and "master of
yin-yang", was the only person to hold the title of the "Great Professor of Astronomy" in
Korean history?
- ... that
Ryszard Siwiec, protesting the
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia, was
the first political protester to commit suicide by
self-immolation in
Central and Eastern Europe?
- ... that sociologist
Kenneth A. Bollen has been listed in the
ISI Highly Cited database of "highly cited researchers" in the Social Sciences category?
- ... that localization of
Józef Piłsudski Monument in Warsaw has been criticized by its designer?
- ... that
the statue of
Roman Dmowski, father of
Polish nationalism, has proven to be one of the most controversial monuments in
Warsaw?
- ... that
Józef Piłsudski's cult of personality succeeded in making him one of the most popular figures in
Polish history?
- ... that Polish jurist and activist
Józef Wybicki wrote the
national anthem of Poland while serving the
Polish Legions in Italy?
- ... that
Jan Matejko's painting
Rejtan caused a scandal, won a gold medal in
Paris, was purchased by Emperor
Franz Joseph I, and
looted by Nazis?
- ... that shortly before the First World War,
Neo-Slavism advocated the creation of a federation of
Slavic states?# ... that
- ... that the
Anti-Superstition and Black Magic Ordinance was recently passed in India following the assassination of its proponent,
Narendra Dabholkar?
- ... that the
Killing Us Softly documentary focuses on images of
women in advertising,
gender stereotypes and
sexual objectification?# ... that
- ... that
Polish nationalism is more restrictive in terms of
ethnicity and
religion than the earlier
Polish-Lithuanian identity?# ... that
- ... that actor
Vic Morrow died in the
Twilight Zone tragedy, a helicopter crash during the filming of
Twilight Zone: The Movie?
- ... that
Polish-Jewish publisher
Samuel Orgelbrand financed the printing of his
Universal Encyclopedia, the first modern Polish encyclopedia, with proceeds from sales of the
Babylonian Talmud?
- ... that the
Bródno Jewish Cemetery is one of the largest Jewish cemeteries in Europe?
- ... that the
Tęcza in
Warsaw has been vandalized several times, most commonly due to anti-
LGBT sentiments?
- ... that a
civil war in Poland gave rise to a proverb about a state of division, disorder and anarchy?
- ... that while international rankings show
corruption in Poland as steadily decreasing, over 80% of the Polish public still sees it as a significant problem for the country?
- ... that neither of the principal combatants won the bloody
Greater Poland Civil War which terminated after the accession of ten-year old
Jadwiga of Poland to the
Polish throne?
- (12 January 2014) ... that the
UFO-like
Kielce Bus Station has been praised as "one of the most valuable" architectural designs of the last decades of the
People's Republic of Poland?
- (18 January 2014) ... that the Japanese
Shinto shrine
Omi Jingu, dedicated to
Emperor Tenji, holds
karuta and
water clock festivals and has been recently popularized by the manga
Chihayafuru?
- (20 January 2014) ... that Polish writer
Irena Jurgielewiczowa was also an
underground teacher and a
resistance fighter in
WWII?
- (24 January 2014) ... that although
Piotr Skarga's
Sejm Sermons political treatise was ignored during his lifetime, he was labeled a "patriotic seer" centuries after his death?
- (29 January 2014) ... that
imperialism also
happens within academia?
- (30 January 2014) ... that the
Treaty of Bytom and Będzin ended the fourteen-month long imprisonment of
Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, in the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- (1 February 2014) ... that the
Upper Silesian Railway was part of the first rail network connecting
Berlin,
Vienna,
Kraków and
Warsaw by the late 1840s?
- (6 February 2014) ... that Polish Jesuit
Piotr Skarga's
Lives of the Saints (1579) contained graphic and detailed description of tortures and suffering?
- (8 February 2014) ... that
devotional articles have been produced and sold as far back as the times of
ancient Egypt and
ancient Mesopotamia?
- (9 February 2014) ... that delay of the planned restoration of the ruined
Katowice historic train station, which attained monument status in 1975, has led to public protests?
- (10 February 2014) ... that the 13th-century
Floriańska Street in Kraków is one of the most prestigious streets in Poland?}
- (15 February 2014) ... that Polish historian
Stanisław Salmonowicz, once repressed by the
Polish communist authorities, has published over 1,000 works?
- (16 February 2014) ... that South Korea's proposed highest-denomination 100,000-
won banknote was cancelled in 2008, since the 19th-century map
Daedongyeojido depicted on the note did not portray the
Liancourt Rocks?
- (17 February 2014) ... that
Zbigniew Bródka, the first Pole to win an Olympic gold medal in
men's 1500 metres
speed skating, is a professional
firefighter?
- (16 March 2014) ... that the canvas of
Skarga's Sermon, a painting by
Jan Matejko, covers more than 8 square metres (86 sq ft)?
- (20 March 2014) ... that the
Monument to the Fallen and Murdered in the East commemorates victims of the
Soviet invasion of Poland during World War II and
subsequent repressions?
- (20 March 2014) ... that the
Szombierki Heat Power Station is considered to be one of the "Seven Architectural Wonders of the
Silesian Voivodeship"?
- (9 April 2014) ... that Prussian
Fort Srebrna Góra in Poland is a rare example of a surviving 18th-century European mountain stronghold?
- (10 April 2014) ... that because of opposition by
the Polish communist government, the
Warsaw Uprising Monument was constructed over 40 years after the
event it commemorates?
- (14 April 2014) ... that the death of
Polish Army chaplain
Ignacy Skorupka at the
battle of Warsaw became a political tool for opponents of military commander
Józef Piłsudski?
- (19 April 2014) ... that
pointy ears are a common characteristic of numerous races in the
fantasy genre?
- (19 April 2014) ... that the 1911 American caricature of capitalism,
IWW's
Pyramid of Capitalist System, is based on a 1900 Russian work?
- (15 May 2014) ... that the
viral video
I Am a Ukrainian has had by far the greatest impact of any video from the
2014 Ukrainian revolution, according to the BBC?
- (16 May 2014) ... that
ecological-evolutionary theory posits that level of
technology is the key factor in whether societies flourish or perish?
- (19 May 2014) ... that the
DeCSS haiku was written in part to demonstrate the notion of
computer code being considered as
free speech?
- (25 May 2014) ... that the
Poland–Ukraine border, the most often crossed eastern border of the
European Union, is also a major smuggling route?
- (7 June 2014) ... that
The Polish Peasant in Europe and America has been called a "neglected classic" of American empirical sociology?
- (11 June 2014) ... that the
Germany–Poland border after WWII mostly follows the
Oder–Neisse line, dividing several towns?
- (12 June 2014) ... that Polish-American philosopher and sociologist
Florian Znaniecki coined the terms
culturalism and
humanistic coefficient?
- (2 July 2014) ... that the
Polish resistance
stole over a million US dollars in
młynarki, a currency named after Polish economist
Feliks Młynarski?
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- (8 July 2014) ... that officially reported
unemployment in Poland rose from near zero in 1989 to over 13% in 2012?
- (9 July 2014) ... that the 2014
Korea Queer Culture Festival was disrupted by anti-LGBT, conservative Christian demonstrators?
- (14 July 2014) ... that the
Counter-Reformation in Poland concluded successfully with the
Repnin Sejm of 1768, which abolished legal discrimination against religious dissidents?
- (24 July 2014) ... that the play
Golgota Picnic has been the target of protests by conservative Christian groups in France and Poland?
- (25 July 2014) ... that the trilingual 14th-century
Sankt Florian Psalter contains one of the oldest texts in
Polish?
- (7 September 2014) ... that the 1911 book
Political Parties, which introduced the
iron law of oligarchy, remains a classic of the
social sciences?
- (12 September 2014) ... that
Jan Matejko (self-portrait pictured), one of the most famous Polish painters,
transported arms to the insurgents' camp during the
January Uprising of 1863?
- (28 September 2014) ... that the size of
its automotive industry makes Poland the second largest producer of light vehicles in
Central and Eastern Europe?
- (17 October 2014) ... that the 2014
Internet Slowdown Day (logo pictured) has been compared to the
Internet Blackout Day of 2012?
- (17 October 2014) ... that poor education and an immature pension system are contributing to high levels of
poverty in Cyprus?
- (19 October 2014) ... that the first
Wikipedia Monument in the world will be unveiled in
Słubice, Poland, in late October 2014?
- (19 October 2014) ... that
Florian Znaniecki was the founder of
sociology in Poland?
- (30 October 2014) ... that the first
president of Poland,
Gabriel Narutowicz,
was assassinated five days after taking office, amidst a right-wing propaganda campaign accusing him of being "an atheist, a Freemason, and a Jew"?
- (1 November 2014) ... that
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (pictured) was one of the wealthiest
magnates of Poland and Lithuania, ruling over 200,000 subjects living on estates in what is today
Ukraine?
- (17 December 2014) ... that the temporary removal of
The Partisans, a Boston sculpture depicting Polish
cursed soldiers, triggered protests by the
Polish-American community?
- (21 December 2014) ... that the
Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world groups countries into nine cultural clusters?
- (22 December 2014) ... that
Kolejka, a popular Polish educational board game about shortages in the communist
shortage economy, has itself been in short supply?
- (28 December 2014) ... that
21st century economic migration of Poles is comparable in size to the century-old
migration of Poles to the United States?
- (28 January 2015) ... that although
slavery in Korea has been abolished for over a century,
modern slavery is still a concern?
- (18 March 2015) ... that during the
Września children strike of 1901–04, ethnic Polish schoolchildren were flogged for protesting against religious instruction in German?
- (15 April 2015) ... that the
Lithuania–Poland border is the only land border that the
Baltic States share with a country that is not a member of the Russian-aligned
Commonwealth of Independent States?
- (16 May 2015)... that '
Gellner's theory has been called "the best-known modernist explanatory theory of nationalism"?
- (23 May 2015) ... that six members of the Polish-Ruthenian noble
Szeptycki family were bishops, some Eastern Catholic and one Roman Catholic?
- (2 June 2015) ... that the Seoul slum of
Guryong lies across the street from the luxurious
Dogok-dong district?
- (22 June 2015) ... that
André Langrand-Dumonceau, a mid-19th-century Belgian financier, was convicted of financial fraud, tried in absentia, and died in exile?
- (1 July 2015) ... that the
"P"-badge for Polish forced laborers was the first official, public badge introduced by Nazi Germany, preceding the "
Jewish yellow star" by over a year?
- (8 August 2015) ... that South Korea has introduced
Smart Sheriff, the world's first government-mandated
parental monitoring app, which has raised concerns over
spyware and
Internet privacy?
- (19 November 2015) ... that
Vietnamese people in Poland, significantly composed of illegal immigrants, are one of the largest ethnic group minorities in Poland?
- (29 December 2015) ... that with the recent
Korean textbook controversy, South Korea has been perceived as losing its moral high ground in regard to its criticism of
the perceived problems with Japanese history textbooks?
- (24 January 2016) ... that American sociologist
Salvatore Babones specializes in topics related to the world system and China?
- (29 February 2016) ... that during the Cold War, American intelligence tricked Soviet nuclear researchers into working on a nonsensical
meson bomb?
- (3 March 2016) ... that the web series
Go Princess Go has been cut by about a third by Chinese censors concerned about its themes of sex and time travel?
- (27 April 2016) ... that one of the claims of
North Korean propaganda is that there is no
taxation in North Korea?
- (9 June 2016) ... that one of the key elements of
political globalization is the decreasing role of the nation-state and the rise of global civil society?
- (18 June 2016) ... that the concept of
lost sales used by the
content industry assumes that if
pirated products were not available, people would buy them at
market rate?
- (11 July 2016) ... that the significant
gender inequality in South Korea is illustrated by a
Global Gender Gap Report indicator which shows that South Korean women earn on average about 55% of what men earn?
- (11 August 2016) ... that environmental activists might might be opposed to
economic globalization, but advocate
environmental globalization?
- (8 November 2016) ... that the author of
Progress: Ten Reasons to Look Forward to the Future argues we are living in a golden age?
- (9 November 2016) ... that the
peak farmland theory predicts that global acreage of farmland will decrease, even as the world population grows?
- (14 November 2016) ... that the
One Piece Treasure Cruise mobile game has been one of the highest grossing titles in Japan and the US?
- (24 December 2016) ... that most modern
nutcracker dolls are not functional, but merely decorative?
- (4 January 2017) ... that the 1936 Korean novel
Sangnoksu has been made into two films?
- (14 January 2017) ... that it was not illegal to possess or use
cannabis in Poland until 1997?
- (16 January 2017) ... that the
Rifa-e-Aam Club in
Lucknow was open to everybody at a time when British clubs excluded Indians?
- (21 January 2017) ... that the South Korea
Improper Solicitation and Graft Act counts private teachers and journalists among the ranks of public officials?
- (8 February 2017) ... that
freedom of the press in South Korea has declined since 2010?
- (24 February 2017) ... that the majority of
people seeking refugee status in Poland are citizens of the former Soviet Union?
- (23 March 2017) ... that
Izydor Borowski was born in the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth but later rose to the rank of general in
Qajar Iran?
- (31 March 2017) ... that two major landmarks of
Gwanghwamun Plaza in central Seoul are
the statue of King Sejong and
the statue of Admiral Yi Sun-sin?
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- (5 June 2017) ... that
The Old Axolotl, an experimental
electronic novel by
Jacek Dukaj presenting a post-apocalyptic, cyberpunk vision of Earth, incorporates hypertext and 3D-printable models of its characters?
- (18 June 2017) ... that one of the reasons for the
partitioning of Poland was the thousands of Russian peasants
escaping from serfdom to the
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth?
- (2 July 2017) ... that in 2013,
Poland became the world's largest producer of mead made according to traditional methods?
- (6 July 2017) ... that
elevated parks are becoming more common, inspired by the success of New York's
High Line?
- (8 July 2017) ... that
Janina Goss has been described as the "power behind the throne" in modern Polish politics?
- (18 July 2017) ... that disclosure of
White House visitor logs have been the subject of several lawsuits brought by
government transparency activists?
- (25 August 2017) ... that the
Japanese embassy in Seoul has seen decades of protests, from weekly demonstrations to the throwing of
Molotov cocktails, truck-ramming,
self-immolation, and outright ransacking?
- (5 September 2017) ... that
Jingu Bashi bridge in Tokyo is a tourist attraction frequented daily by
cosplay,
visual kei, and
gothic Lolita fashion fans?
- (24 September 2017) ... that the
Kraków Fire of 1850 destroyed approximately 10% of the city?
- (20 November 2017) ... that the
Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims Tribunal ran out of funds in 2009?
- (25 December 2017) ... that one-quarter of respondents to a 2016 survey of Europeans said they had re-gifted their
Christmas presents to someone else?
- (20 April 2018) ... that Russia's
Law Against Rehabilitation of Nazism, compared by proponents to
laws against Holocaust denial, was used to prosecute a blogger discussing
German–Soviet cooperation?
- (22 April 2018) ... that Polish Jewish communist activist
Eliezer Gruenbaum wrote a memoir about his experiences as a
kapo in the
Auschwitz concentration camp?
- (24 April 2018) ... that the 2015
Ukrainian decommunization laws mandate removing communist-era monuments, and renaming places named after communist themes?
- (12 May 2018) ... that
Spring is Coming coming was the first South Korean musical performance in the North in over a decade, and was attended by North Korean leader
Kim Jong Un?
- (27 June 2018) ... that in his 2002 book
Secret City: The Hidden Jews of Warsaw 1940–1945,
Gunnar S. Paulsson estimated that nearly a tenth of Warsaw's population were
helping Jews during the Holocaust?
- (17 July 2018) ... that the 1944
Report to the Secretary on the Acquiescence of This Government in the Murder of the Jews accused
US State Department officials of willfully obstructing attempts to rescue Holocaust refugees?
- (4 August 2018) ... that
Maria and Bogdan Kalinowski were recognized as the most avid filmgoers in Poland, having seen more than 13,000 movies together?
- (1 September 2018) ... that
Wieluń, Poland, became the first city to sustain
major damage and casualties from German bombing in World War II?
- (7 September 2018) ... that the surrender of the Polish garrison at the
Battle of Westerplatte on 7 September 1939 ended what has been described as the opening battle of World War II?
- (13 September 2018) ... that the
Hanbo scandal, one of South Korea's largest corruption cases, involved presidential aides, a former minister, and top banking executives?
- (4 October 2018) ... that the
Furgate scandal in the late 1990s, described as one of the largest in South Korea, involved influence peddling through the giving of luxury items?
- (31 October 2018) ... that
The Hexer, the first attempt to portray
The Witcher universe in film, was "crushed by the reviewers and laughed out by fans", and has since been described as "the film we all want to forget"?
- (21 November 2018) ... that before becoming a
Yad Vashem historian,
Shmuel Krakowski worked for Polish communist intelligence and security organizations?
- (26 November 2018) ... that the concept of an
ethnographic group is more commonly found in Soviet and post-Soviet, rather than Western, scholarly works?
- (10 December 2018) ... that Chinese film director
Lü Ban was banned from film-making for life for his satirical comedies,
the last of which, also banned, discussed the topic of film censorship?
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- (13 January 2019) ... that the Swiss-German spy
Carmen Mory, later a Nazi concentration camp
kapo, was described as a "third-rate
Mata Hari"?
- (10 February 2019) ... that the 1954 social psychology book
The Nature of Prejudice is considered a classic that defined the field of
intergroup relations?
- (27 February 2019) ... that the 1945
Bierut Decree nationalized all land in the Polish capital of Warsaw after the city's destruction by the Nazis?
- (12 March 2019) ... that the
Eiss Archive is composed of materials that document the
rescue of Jews threatened by the Holocaust through the efforts of Polish diplomats?
- (19 March 2019) ... that the reversal of post-World War II
nationalization in Poland resulted in considerable amounts of chaos and fraud?
- (31 March 2019) ... that in 1905,
three days of violence in Warsaw were possibly sparked by a
Bund activist trying to save his sister from
sexual slavery?
- (10 April 2019) ... that
Alfons Zgrzebniok commanded the first two of the three Silesian Uprisings?
- (11 April 2019) ... that journalist
Roman Sushchenko was named by the
European Parliament as one of 30 Ukrainian citizens illegally detained or imprisoned in Russia?
- (22 April 2019) ... that the 1996 video game
Polanie is considered a
cult classic in Poland?
- (29 April 2019)) ... that
a book-length interview with
Stanisław Lem was subject to cuts due to
censorship in Communist Poland?
- (3 May 2019) ... that Polish nun and supercentenarian
Maria Roszak was named a
Righteous Among the Nations for helping shelter Jewish refugees during the Holocaust?
- (4 May 2019) ... that
the Mongol invasion was likely the most devastating event for 13th-century Lithuania?
- (8 May 2019) ... that the mecha dieselpunk art of Polish painter
Jakub Różalski has inspired a board game, a video game, a short film, and a book anthology?
- (25 May 2019) ... that a classic example of
moral progress is the
abolition of slavery?
- (10 June 2019) ... that the
International Day Against DRM, organized by the
Defective by Design initiative, has been observed since 2006?
- (12 June 2019) ... that the fictional character
Jakub Wędrowycz—an exorcist, drunkard, moonshine producer, and poacher—is one of the icons of Polish pop culture?
- (14 June 2019,) ... that the book
The Expanding Circle bridged
sociobiology and
ethics, discussing how humans have used reason to expand their moral considerations from family and tribe to the entire of society?
- (25 July 2019) ... that
Samuel Adalberg, pioneer of Polish
paremiology, committed suicide upon learning of the Germans' plans to construct the
Warsaw Ghetto?
- (3 August 2019) ... that the
Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation investigates both
Nazi crimes and
communist crimes?
- (11 August 2019) ... that
Karski's reports were the first comprehensive documents on the
Holocaust in Poland to reach the
government-in-exile?
- (15 August 2019) ... that Polish colonel
Andrzej Marecki was one of the victims of
the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash?
- (21 August 2019) ... that Polish philosopher and World War II resistance member
Jan Gralewski likely died in
the controversial 1943 Gibraltar B-24 crash?
- (3 September 2019) ... that in some Polish homes, an image of a
Jew holding a coin hangs to the left of the doorway, and is customarily turned upside down on the
Sabbath so that good fortune may fall upon the household?
- (8 September 2019) ... that the prisoners of war
massacre in Ciepielów is the most infamous instance of the
war crimes of the Wehrmacht committed during the
invasion of Poland?
- (20 September 2019) ... that Polish resistance member
Alicja Iwańska became an academic and compared political, religious, and racial persecution in Europe to U.S. segregation restrictions?
- (28 September 2019) ... that in the
Zambrów massacre, during the September 1939 invasion of Poland, German
Wehrmacht soldiers murdered more than 200 Polish prisoners of war?
- (2 October 2019) ... that
drunk driving is among the most common
alcohol-related crimes in the United States?
- (23 October 2019) ... that
Józefa Joteyko believed that wages should be based upon scientific research and the amount of effort required to do a job, rather than arbitrary factors like gender?
- (28 October 2019) ... that Turkish correspondent
Pelin Ünker' is the only journalist in the world sentenced for writing about the
Paradise Papers investigation?
- (1 November 2019) ... that Swedish sociologist
Ulf Himmelstrand has been called the "father of sociology in Nigeria"?
- (18 November 2019) ... that Japanese fighter ace
Naoshi Kanno, credited with 25 confirmed kills, appears in the anime
Drifters?
- (26 November 2019) ... that
Reuben Hill is considered the "founding father" of the
sociology of the family discipline?
- (30 November 2019) ... that following the
defense of Katowice on 4 September 1939, dozens of defenders, including a number of
Polish Boy and Girl Scouts, were
summarily executed?
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- (3 December 2019) ... that the
Polish–Bohemian War of 990 resulted in Poland taking control of Silesia?
- (5 December 2019) ... that the otherwise inconclusive
Polish–Bohemian War of 1345–1348 cemented Bohemian control of Silesia?
- (11 December 2019) ... that
A Stanislaw Lem Reader showcases the work of
one of the most widely read science fiction writers, including interviews on the relation of literature to philosophy and science?
- (28 December 2019) ... that the Enlightenment concept of
doux commerce suggests that commerce civilizes people and can even eliminate violence?
- (29 December 2019) ... that
Michler's Palace, a townhouse destroyed in the Warsaw Uprising, is remembered for a wartime song named after it?
- (29 December 2019) ... that Polish courtier and writer
Krzysztof Warszewicki was a respected orator who spoke at the funerals of
Catherine, queen consort of Poland, and
Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor?
- (30 December 2019) ... that medical scholar
Ronald Grossarth-Maticek directed a long-term study involving 30,000 people from 18,000 households, spanning more than 20 years?
- (1 January 2020) ... that
The J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia was published before the copy-editing process was completed?
- (15 January 2020) ... that the Polish publishing house
WSiP had a monopoly on textbook publishing from the 1950s to 1989?
- (31 January 2020) ... that the song
Toss a Coin to Your Witcher from the Netflix television show
The Witcher became a viral hit within days of the series' release?
- (2 February 2020) ... that the mobile game
Bleach: Brave Souls features story arcs from the manga Bleach that did not appear in its anime adaptation, including the unaired final arc?
- (25 March 2020) ... that
Cecylia and Maciej Brogowski, a Polish Catholic couple, were posthumously recognised as
Righteous Among the Nations for having sheltered a Jewish girl during the Holocaust?
- (28 April 2020) ... that
photographs of the Holocaust, including many taken by German photographers, have been used as evidence during trials of Nazi
war crimes?
- (29 April 2020) ... that the
pasquinade, a form of
satire usually in verse or prose, is named after
Pasquino, a
Hellenistic statue in Rome on which anonymous postings were made?
- (13 May 2020) ... that
Good Faith Collaboration has been described as a pioneering
ethnographic study of the culture of
Wikipedia?
- (17 May 2020) ... that the book
The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944 resulted in a series of reviews and letters that were described as "particularly vicious"?
- (26 May 2020) ... that readings of
The Crime and the Silence, a book about the
Jedwabne massacre, have been picketed by the book's opponents?
- (5 June 2020) ... that the veterinarian
Janina Oyrzanowska-Poplewska, whose work led to the creation of the first Polish
canine distemper vaccine, has been honored as a
Righteous Among the Nations?
- (13 June 2020) ... that
a proposed Jewish unit in the Polish Armed Forces in the Soviet Union was described as a "moral victory" for Nazism?
- (17 June 2020) ... that the drama
The Undivine Comedy has been recognized as one of the most significant works of literature of the
Polish Romantic period?
- (3 July 2020) ... that the book
The Polish Underground and the Jews, 1939–1945 has been praised for bridging widely different views of the
Polish resistance found in Jewish and Polish historiographies?
- (7 July 2020) ... that
railway sabotage during World War II was one of the most common forms of resistance against German occupation?
- (10 July 2020) ... that during World War II, Polish-Jewish economist
Ludwik Maurycy Landau conducted undercover research into the economic conditions in
occupied Poland?
- (11 July 2020) ... that
The Generation: The Rise and Fall of the Jewish Communists of Poland discusses the minority of
Polish Jews who became communists and were later "demonized" as part of the
Żydokomuna canard?
- (14 July 2020) ... that a report by Chinese journalist
Chen Jieren on university students turning to prostitution to pay for their tuition fees sparked a major debate about
prostitution in China?
- (16 July 2020) ... that to bypass
censorship in Poland, some authors turned to
self-censorship,
Aesopian language, and the
Polish underground press?
- (28 July 2020) ... that the 1990
Message from Turnberry issued by
NATO has been called the "first official recognition of the end of the Cold War"?
- (30 July 2020) ... that the 1994 video game
Kajko i Kokosz, the first based on [[Kajko and Kokosz|the Polish comic book series of the same name, was not playtested, and the initial release had to be recalled and replaced?
- (31 July 2020) ... that
Irena Sawicka, a Polish archeologist, educator and communist activist,
helped Jews during the Holocaust and perished in the
Warsaw Uprising?
- (4 August 2020) ... that Polish boxer
Tadeusz Pietrzykowski is best known for his string of victories in
Nazi concentration camps?
- (13 August 2020) ... that the video game
Iron Harvest, set in a 1920+ alternate universe inspired by the
Polish–Soviet War, has a dieselpunk and mecha theme?
- (24 August 2020) ... that the
Żegota Monument in Warsaw was unveiled by
Władysław Bartoszewski, the last surviving member of
Żegota, an organization dedicated to
rescuing Jews during the Holocaust?
- (26 August 2020) ... that
Stanisław Kot, Polish historian known for his study of the
Reformation in Poland, also served as a minister of the
Polish government-in-exile during WWII?
- (31 August 2020) ... that
Kurier Litewski was the first periodical newspaper of the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania and retained the Lithuanian state name until 1840, despite
the final partition of the Commonwealth in 1795?
- (2 September 2020) ... that during World War II, the Polish-Jewish
charity CENTOS cared for orphans in the
Nazi ghettos in occupied Poland?
- (4 September 2020) ... that by the time it closed this year,
KissAnime was described as the world's most popular illegal anime streaming site?
- (6 September 2020) ... that the 1998 books
Jews and the American Slave Trade and
Jews, Slaves and the Slave Trade rebut the earlier work
The Secret Relationship Between Blacks and Jews, calling it a "handbook of hate" and "nine parts fable"?
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- (15 September 2020) ... that Polish children's author
Maria Kownacka wrote for an underground children's magazine during the
Warsaw Uprising?
- (20 September 2020) ... that the 1997 Polish box-office-hit comedy
Szczęśliwego Nowego Jorku criticizes Polish and American myths such as the
American Dream?
- (24 September 2020) ... that
Zofia Poznańska, cipher clerk to the
Red Orchestra espionage group, was captured in Belgium by the Abwehr in 1941 and hanged herself in prison in 1942?
- (4 November 2020) ... that four justices dissented in the verdict of the
European Court of Human Rights
case concerning the
Katyn massacre, calling it a denial of justice and a failure of conscience?
- (10 November 2020) ... that works of fiction can describe both the
near and
far future?
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- (15 November 2020) ... that the early French science-fiction novel
Memoirs of the Year 2500 was one of the most popular titles of the 18th century, despite being banned by the
Holy See and the
Inquisition?
- (11 December 2020) ... that
Condescending Wonka is one of the most popular
internet memes?
- (15 January 2021) ... that The
Gospel of Afranius, a 1995 Russian novel and polemic challenging an American evangelical
apologist text, has not yet been translated to English?
- (3 February 2021) ... that
Gore Vidal's novel
Live from Golgotha has been called a "masterpiece of blasphemous vulgarity"?
- (18 February 2021) ... that the
Ćmielów Porcelain Works are Poland's oldest porcelain works, and Europe's largest thin-walled-china works?
- (7 March 2021) ... that the 1959 short story
Now: Zero, while sharing some concepts with the popular 2003 manga
Death Note, has been described as one of
J. G. Ballard's weakest works?
- (10 March 2021) ... that
Arthur C. Clarke's short story
Time's Arrow from 1950 predicted that
paleontologists may learn about dinosaurs by analyzing
their footprints before the method was implemented in real science?
- (10 March 2021) ... that the board game
Glory to Rome, despite being well-received, led to its publisher's bankruptcy in the mid-2010s and has been out of print since?
- (18 March 2021) ... that the publication of
A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien in 2014 by
Wiley-Blackwell has been described as proof that Tolkien had finally attained acceptance by the literary establishment?
- (18 April 2021) ... that the
Shinan shipwreck, the first major discovery of Korean
maritime archaeology, has been described as possibly "the richest ancient shipwreck yet discovered"?
- (30 April 2021) ... that the 1975 book
Fighting Auschwitz: The Resistance Movement in the Concentration Camp was the first work to discuss in detail the story of the resistance's founder,
Witold Pilecki?
- (3 May 2021) ... that a report by
Witold Pilecki, a Polish resistance fighter who infiltrated Auschwitz, was translated into English in 2012 as
The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery?
- (5 May 2021) ... that eight-year-old
Róża Maria Goździewska was "the youngest child nurse" in the
Warsaw Uprising?
- (24 May 2021) ... that bishop
Adam Naruszewicz was a prominent writer of the
Polish Enlightenment, and one of the first modern historians of Poland?
- (31 May 2021) ... that some Polish
military cooperatives, formed to provide supplies to service personnel at low prices, issued their own coins?
- (7 June 2021) ... that the proverb "
speech is silver, silence is golden" has been attributed to "wise men of old", and traced to Arabic texts more than a millennium old?
- (28 June 2021) ... that the largest
dictionary of the Polish language is 50 volumes long?
- (7 July 2021) ... that neither holochess (
dejarik) nor
sabacc, two games invented for the Star Wars films, have a definitive ruleset despite several real-world licensed releases?
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- (21 July 2021) ... that during the 1940
Bloody Wednesday of Olkusz, all the male inhabitants of the occupied Polish town, Jews and non-Jews alike, were subjected to hours of abuse by German soldiers?
- (10 August 2021) ... that
The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy contains an idiosyncratic selection of topics, from "Aliens in Space" to "Rats and Mice"?
- (14 August 2021) ... that the vandalism and eventual removal of the
statue of Ivan Konev in Prague has negatively impacted recent
Czech Republic–Russia relations?
- (15 August 2021) ... that
Zygmunt Krasiński, one of Poland's
Three Bards, published most of his works anonymously and was known as the Anonymous Poet of Poland?
- (16 August 2021) ... that the 2015 video game
Worlds of Magic, intended as a spiritual successor to the classic game
Master of Magic, failed to impress most reviewers?
- (19 August 2021) ... that although its publisher
Dark Horse Comics is American, a significant proportion of artists involved with the comic book series
The Witcher have been Polish?
- (26 August 2021) ... that the death of
Uyghur writer
Nurmuhemmet Tohti has been linked to mistreatment in the
Xinjiang internment camps, a claim China denies?
- (31 August 2021) ... that the vast majority of fiction, including
science fiction, takes place on Earth?
- (2 September 2021) ... that
DOMELRE was the first domestic electrical refrigerator in America?
- (22 September 2021) ... that there are tens of thousands of
Polish proverbs, the oldest known of which dates to the year 1407?
- (24 September 2021) ... that rockets are one of the classic methods of
space travel in science fiction?
- (26 September 2021) ... that Poles who fought in the
Russian Partition during the
January Uprising were
detained as political prisoners in Magdeburg and Graudenz, Prussia, even though the uprising never crossed the border?
- (27 September 2021) ... that while
The Gods from Outer Space, based on
Erich von Däniken's theories about the
ancient astronauts, has eight volumes, only four were published in English?
- (30 September 2021) ... that criticism of
armchair theorizing in anthropology has resulted in scholars "coming down
off the verandah"?
- (11 October 2021) ... that
academese has been criticized for being unnecessarily complex and in extreme cases, purposefully discriminating and obfuscating?
- (30 October 2021) ... that
Kaczyzm is a pejorative term describing the political ideology of Polish politicians
Lech and
Jarosław Kaczyński and their
Law and Justice party?
- (7 November 2021) ... that while the Empire of Japan
did not actively participate in the Holocaust, they were found to have committed
holocausts of their own?
- (30 November 2021) ... that the Franco-Belgian comic book
Hans had its title changed in Poland due to lingering ill-feeling toward Germany?
- (30 December 2021) ... that
Chninkel, a Franco-Belgian comic mixing Tolkien-like fantasy with Biblical themes, has been translated into several languages?
- (30 January 2022) ... that
Historia narodu polskiego, the first modern history of Poland, was never finished but was highly influential on emerging Polish historiography?
- (1 March 2022) ... that the concept of
hyperspace, primarily known through its use in science fiction, originated from and is still occasionally used in scholarly works?
- (8 May 2022) ... that
Ukrainian science fiction and fantasy is written both in Ukrainian and Russian?
- (17 May 2022) ... that
Easter in Poland was considered to be an important patriotic holiday during the country's
period of Partitions?
- (9 July 2022) ... that
Alfons Koziełł-Poklewski, dubbed the "vodka king of Siberia", was actually Polish?
- (13 July 2022) ... that the first time
The Witcher universe was portrayed outside the novels was in the 1993–1995 Polish comic book series
of the same name?
- (14 July 2022) ... that
The Lord of the Ice Garden, a Polish novel series mixing elements of fantasy and science fiction, has been compared to
The Witcher?
- (19 August 2022) ... that the main activity of the short-lived
parliament of Central Lithuania of 1922 was to request annexation by Poland?
- (28 August 2022) ... that as the reality of
Venus's harsh surface conditions became known from the mid-20th century,
the early tropes of adventures in Venusian tropics gave way to more realistic stories?
- (7 September 2022) ... that the Polish science fiction novel
Extensa marked the growing recognition of its writer,
Jacek Dukaj, in Poland?
- (6 October 2022) ... that independent media and scholars estimate that thousands might have perished in the
Yarkand Massacre in 2014?
- (16 October 2022) ... that the 1944
Story of a Secret State was one of the first book accounts of the
German occupation of Poland, including
the Holocaust in Poland?'
- (21 October 2022) ... that the best novel of American science fiction author
Garrett Smith did not appear as a stand-alone book until over 60 years after his death?
- (13 January 2023) ... that the
Detached Unit of the Polish Army is often described as the first Allied partisan unit of World War II?
- (22 January 2023) ... that in
Freedom & Civilization, an anthropological analysis of the concept of freedom,
Bronisław Malinowski argues for the creation of a
world government?
- (2 February 2023) ... that members of
Lego fandom not only design their own sets but also engage in cosplay?
- (11 February 2023) ... that
Lewis Fry Richardson's
Statistics of Deadly Quarrels suggested that the establishment of a
world government might end wars?
- (13 March 2023) ... that the discovery of anthropologist
Bronisław Malinowski's diary after his death sparked what was called "a moral crisis of the discipline"?
- (21 March 2023) ... that Nobel laureate
Czesław Miłosz described the 16th-century play
The Dismissal of the Greek Envoys by
Jan Kochanowski as the finest specimen of Polish humanist drama?
- (30 March 2023) ... that
Jan Kochanowski's
Fraszki is a 16th-century collection of almost 300 poems, ranging from anecdotes and
epitaphs to obscenities and erotica?
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