USER:NEJSSOR INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET CHART

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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.

Official chart

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i ^ⓘ y ^ⓘ	ɨ ^ⓘ ʉ ^ⓘ	ɯ ^ⓘ u ^ⓘ
Near-close	ɪ ^ⓘ ʏ ^ⓘ		ʊ ^ⓘ
Close-mid	e ^ⓘ ø ^ⓘ	ɘ ^ⓘ ɵ ^ⓘ	ɤ ^ⓘ o ^ⓘ
Mid	e̞ ^ⓘ ø̞ ^ⓘ	ə ^ⓘ	ɤ̞ ^ⓘ o̞ ^ⓘ
Open-mid	ɛ ^ⓘ œ ^ⓘ	ɜ ^ⓘ ɞ ^ⓘ	ʌ ^ⓘ ɔ ^ⓘ
Near-open	æ ^ⓘ	ɐ ^ⓘ
Open	a ^ⓘ ɶ ^ⓘ	ä ^ⓘ	ɑ ^ⓘ ɒ ^ⓘ

Legend: unrounded • rounded

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥ ^ⓘ	m ^ⓘ	ɱ̊ ^ⓘ	ɱ ^ⓘ		n̼ ^ⓘ			n̥ ^ⓘ	n ^ⓘ			ɳ̊ ^ⓘ	ɳ ^ⓘ	ɲ̊ ^ⓘ	ɲ ^ⓘ	ŋ̊ ^ⓘ	ŋ ^ⓘ	ɴ̥ ^ⓘ	ɴ ^ⓘ
Plosive	p ^ⓘ	b ^ⓘ	p̪	b̪	t̼ ^ⓘ	d̼ ^ⓘ	t̪ ^ⓘ	d̪ ^ⓘ	t ^ⓘ	d ^ⓘ			ʈ ^ⓘ	ɖ ^ⓘ	c ^ⓘ	ɟ ^ⓘ	k ^ⓘ	ɡ ^ⓘ	q ^ⓘ	ɢ ^ⓘ	ʡ ^ⓘ		ʔ ^ⓘ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪ ^ⓘ	d̪z̪ ^ⓘ	ts ^ⓘ	dz ^ⓘ	t̠ʃ ^ⓘ	d̠ʒ ^ⓘ	tʂ ^ⓘ	dʐ ^ⓘ	tɕ ^ⓘ	dʑ ^ⓘ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ ^ⓘ	bβ ^ⓘ	p̪f ^ⓘ	b̪v ^ⓘ			t̪θ ^ⓘ	d̪ð ^ⓘ	tɹ̝̊ ^ⓘ	dɹ̝ ^ⓘ	t̠ɹ̠̊˔ ^ⓘ	d̠ɹ̠˔ ^ⓘ			cç ^ⓘ	ɟʝ ^ⓘ	kx ^ⓘ	ɡɣ ^ⓘ	qχ ^ⓘ	ɢʁ ^ⓘ	ʡʜ ^ⓘ	ʡʢ ^ⓘ	ʔh ^ⓘ
Sibilant fricative									s ^ⓘ	z ^ⓘ	ʃ ^ⓘ	ʒ ^ⓘ	ʂ ^ⓘ	ʐ ^ⓘ	ɕ ^ⓘ	ʑ ^ⓘ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ ^ⓘ	β ^ⓘ	f ^ⓘ	v ^ⓘ	θ̼ ^ⓘ	ð̼ ^ⓘ	θ ^ⓘ	ð ^ⓘ	θ̠ ^ⓘ	ð̠ ^ⓘ	ɹ̠̊˔ ^ⓘ	ɹ̠˔ ^ⓘ	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç ^ⓘ	ʝ ^ⓘ	x ^ⓘ	ɣ ^ⓘ	χ ^ⓘ	ʁ ^ⓘ	ħ ^ⓘ	ʕ ^ⓘ	h ^ⓘ	ɦ ^ⓘ
Approximant		β̞ ^ⓘ		ʋ ^ⓘ				ð̞ ^ⓘ		ɹ ^ⓘ		ɹ̠ ^ⓘ		ɻ ^ⓘ		j ^ⓘ		ɰ ^ⓘ		ʁ̞ ^ⓘ				ʔ̞ ^ⓘ
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟ ^ⓘ		ⱱ ^ⓘ		ɾ̼ ^ⓘ			ɾ̥ ^ⓘ	ɾ ^ⓘ			ɽ̊	ɽ ^ⓘ						ɢ̆ ^ⓘ		ʡ̆ ^ⓘ
Trill	ʙ̥ ^ⓘ	ʙ ^ⓘ							r̥ ^ⓘ	r ^ⓘ		r̠ ^ⓘ	ɽ̊r̥ ^ⓘ	ɽr ^ⓘ					ʀ̥ ^ⓘ	ʀ ^ⓘ	ʜ ^ⓘ	ʢ ^ⓘ
Lateral affricate									tɬ ^ⓘ	dɮ ^ⓘ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆 ^ⓘ	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄 ^ⓘ	ɡʟ̝ ^ⓘ
Lateral fricative									ɬ ^ⓘ	ɮ ^ⓘ			ꞎ ^ⓘ	𝼅	𝼆 ^ⓘ	ʎ̝	𝼄 ^ⓘ	ʟ̝ ^ⓘ
Lateral approximant								l̪ ^ⓘ		l ^ⓘ		l̠ ^ⓘ		ɭ ^ⓘ		ʎ ^ⓘ		ʟ ^ⓘ		ʟ̠ ^ⓘ
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥ ^ⓘ	ɺ ^ⓘ			𝼈̥ ^ⓘ	𝼈 ^ⓘ		ʎ̆ ^ⓘ		ʟ̆ ^ⓘ

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

Ejective	Stop	pʼ ^ⓘ	tʼ ^ⓘ	ʈʼ ^ⓘ	cʼ ^ⓘ	kʼ ^ⓘ
	Stop	qʼ ^ⓘ	ʡʼ ^ⓘ
	Fricative	fʼ ^ⓘ	θʼ ^ⓘ	sʼ ^ⓘ	ʃʼ ^ⓘ	ʂʼ ^ⓘ
	Fricative	ɕʼ ^ⓘ	xʼ ^ⓘ	χʼ ^ⓘ
	Affricate	tsʼ ^ⓘ	t̠ʃʼ ^ⓘ	ʈʂʼ ^ⓘ	kxʼ ^ⓘ	qχʼ ^ⓘ
	Lateral	ɬʼ ^ⓘ	tɬʼ ^ⓘ	cʎ̝̊ʼ ^ⓘ	kʟ̝̊ʼ ^ⓘ
Click		kʘ ^ⓘ	kǀ ^ⓘ	kǃ ^ⓘ	kǂ ^ⓘ	kǁ ^ⓘ
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ ^ⓘ	ɗ ^ⓘ	ᶑ ^ⓘ	ʄ ^ⓘ	ɠ ^ⓘ
	Voiced	ʛ ^ⓘ
	Voiceless	ɓ̥ ^ⓘ	ɗ̥ ^ⓘ	ᶑ̥ ^ⓘ	ʄ̥ ^ⓘ	ɠ̊ ^ⓘ
	Voiceless	ʛ̥ ^ⓘ

Co-articulated consonants

Plosive	k͡p ^ⓘ	ɡ͡b ^ⓘ	q͡p ^ⓘ
Nasal	ŋ͡m ^ⓘ
Fricative/ approximant	ʍ ^ⓘ	w ^ⓘ	ɥ ^ⓘ
Fricative/ approximant	ɧ ^ⓘ	ɫ ^ⓘ
Implosive	ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ^ⓘ	ɠ͡ɓ ^ⓘ

Auxiliary symbols

Diacritics
◌̥ ◌̊	Voiceless	◌̤	Breathy voiced	◌̪ ◌͆	Dental
◌̬	Voiced	◌̰	Creaky voiced	◌̺	Apical
◌ʰ	Aspirated	◌̼	Linguolabial	◌̻	Laminal
◌̹ ◌͗ ◌˒	More rounded	◌ʷ	Labialized	◌̃	Nasalized
◌̜ ◌͑ ◌˓	Less rounded	◌ʲ	Palatalized	◌ⁿ	Nasal release
◌̟ ◌˖	Advanced	◌ˠ	Velarized	◌ˡ	Lateral release
◌̠ ◌˗	Retracted	◌ˤ	Pharyngealized	◌̚	No audible release
◌̈	Centralized	◌̴	Velarized or pharyngealized	◌ᵊ	Mid central vowel release
◌̽	Mid-centralized	◌̝ ◌˔	Raised	◌ᶿ	Voiceless dental fricative release
◌̩ ◌̍	Syllabic	◌̞ ◌˕	Lowered	◌ˣ	Voiceless velar fricative release
◌̯ ◌̑	Non-syllabic	◌̘	Advanced tongue root	◌ʼ	Ejective
◌˞	Rhoticity	◌̙	Retracted tongue root	◌͡◌ ◌͜◌	Affricate or double articulation

Suprasegmentals
ˈ	Primary stress
ˌ	Secondary stress
ː	Long
ˑ	Half-long
◌̆	Extra-short
\|	Minor (foot) group
‖	Major (intonation) group
.	Syllable break
‿	Linking (absence of a break)

Level tones
◌̋	˥	Extra-high (top)
◌́	˦	High
◌̄	˧	Mid
◌̀	˨	Low
◌̏	˩	Extra-low (bottom)
ꜜ◌		Downstep
ꜛ◌		Upstep

Tone contours
◌̌	˩˥	Rising
◌̂	˥˩	Falling
◌᷄	˧˥	High rising
◌᷅	˩˧	Low rising
◌᷇	˥˧	High falling
◌᷆	˧˩	Low falling
◌᷈	˧˦˨	Rising–falling
◌᷉	˧˨˦	Falling–rising
↗︎		Global rise
↘︎		Global fall

Transcription
[ ]	Phonetic transcription
/ /	Phonemic transcription
( )	Indistinguishable utterance
⸨ ⸩	Sound obscured
{ }	Prosodic notation

External links

Official chart

Vowels

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Non-pulmonic consonants

Co-articulated consonants

Auxiliary symbols

See also

External links

Official chart

Vowels

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Non-pulmonic consonants

Co-articulated consonants

Auxiliary symbols

See also

External links

Videos

Websites

Encyclopedia

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