Nasal palatal velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǂ ŋ͡𝼋 | |
ᵑǂ ᵑ𝼋 | |
ǂ̃ 𝼋̃ |
Nasal palatal uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǂ ɴ͡𝼋 | |
ᶰǂ ᶰ𝼋 |
The palatal nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal palatal click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǂ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǂ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǂ⟩, ⟨ᵑǂ⟩ or ⟨ǂ̃⟩. Linguists who prefer the old IPA letters use the analogous Beach convention [1] of ⟨ŋ͡𝼋⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜𝼋⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋ𝼋⟩, ⟨ᵑ𝼋⟩ or ⟨𝼋̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǂ, ɴ͜ǂ, ɴǂ, ᶰǂ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡𝼋, ɴ͜𝼋, ɴ𝼋, ᶰ𝼋⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǂŋ⟩ or ⟨ǂᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [2]
Features of the palatal nasal click:
Palatal nasal clicks are only found in the various Khoisan languages families of southern Africa and in the neighboring Yeyi language. [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Khoekhoe | ǂnauǃhuiǂgui | [ᵑǂə̀űᵑ̊ǃʰȕíᵏǂȕí] = [ᵑ𝼋ə̀űᵑ̊ǃʰȕíᵏ𝼋ȕí] | to give s.o. a bloody nose |
Naro | ntcùú qhuri c’õa (nçùú qhuri c’õa) |
[ᵑǂǔːǃʰūɾīŋǀˀõ̯ã] = [ᵑ𝼋ǔːʗʰūɾīŋʇˀõ̯ã] | the Milky Way |
Taa | ǂnûm | [ᵑǂûm] = [ᵑ𝼋ûm] | two |
Gǀui | [ᵑǂâː] = [ᵑ𝼋âː] | to stare |
Glottalized palatal nasal click | |
---|---|
ǂ̃ˀ | |
ᵑǂ͡ʔ | |
ᵑ̊ǂˀ | |
ᵑǂˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Khoekhoe | ǂamǁgû | [ᵑǂ͡ʔàm̀ᵏǁṹṹ] = [ᵑ𝼋ˀàm̀ᵏʖṹṹ] | to inadvertently bite a hard object |
Naro | tc’úú-tc’ùù (ç’úú-ç’ùù) |
[ᵑǂˀúːŋǂˀùː] | to paint |
Gǀui | [ᵑǂ͡ʔáː] = [ᵑ𝼋ˀáː] | to hide (oneself) | |
Yeyi | [makʰweᵑǂˀumu] | sunrise |
Nasal palatal velar click | |
---|---|
ŋ͡ǂ ŋ͡𝼋 | |
ᵑǂ ᵑ𝼋 | |
ǂ̃ 𝼋̃ |
Nasal palatal uvular click | |
---|---|
ɴ͡ǂ ɴ͡𝼋 | |
ᶰǂ ᶰ𝼋 |
The palatal nasal click is a click consonant found primarily among the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal palatal click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ǂ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ǂ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋǂ⟩, ⟨ᵑǂ⟩ or ⟨ǂ̃⟩. Linguists who prefer the old IPA letters use the analogous Beach convention [1] of ⟨ŋ͡𝼋⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜𝼋⟩, abbreviated ⟨ŋ𝼋⟩, ⟨ᵑ𝼋⟩ or ⟨𝼋̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ǂ, ɴ͜ǂ, ɴǂ, ᶰǂ⟩ and ⟨ɴ͡𝼋, ɴ͜𝼋, ɴ𝼋, ᶰ𝼋⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ǂŋ⟩ or ⟨ǂᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases. [2]
Features of the palatal nasal click:
Palatal nasal clicks are only found in the various Khoisan languages families of southern Africa and in the neighboring Yeyi language. [3]
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Khoekhoe | ǂnauǃhuiǂgui | [ᵑǂə̀űᵑ̊ǃʰȕíᵏǂȕí] = [ᵑ𝼋ə̀űᵑ̊ǃʰȕíᵏ𝼋ȕí] | to give s.o. a bloody nose |
Naro | ntcùú qhuri c’õa (nçùú qhuri c’õa) |
[ᵑǂǔːǃʰūɾīŋǀˀõ̯ã] = [ᵑ𝼋ǔːʗʰūɾīŋʇˀõ̯ã] | the Milky Way |
Taa | ǂnûm | [ᵑǂûm] = [ᵑ𝼋ûm] | two |
Gǀui | [ᵑǂâː] = [ᵑ𝼋âː] | to stare |
Glottalized palatal nasal click | |
---|---|
ǂ̃ˀ | |
ᵑǂ͡ʔ | |
ᵑ̊ǂˀ | |
ᵑǂˀ |
All Khoisan languages, and a few Bantu languages, have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
---|---|---|---|
Khoekhoe | ǂamǁgû | [ᵑǂ͡ʔàm̀ᵏǁṹṹ] = [ᵑ𝼋ˀàm̀ᵏʖṹṹ] | to inadvertently bite a hard object |
Naro | tc’úú-tc’ùù (ç’úú-ç’ùù) |
[ᵑǂˀúːŋǂˀùː] | to paint |
Gǀui | [ᵑǂ͡ʔáː] = [ᵑ𝼋ˀáː] | to hide (oneself) | |
Yeyi | [makʰweᵑǂˀumu] | sunrise |