This is the
pronunciation key for
IPA transcriptions of Wu Chinese on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Wu Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
consensus on the
talk page first.
The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for
Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See
romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.
^
abcdGlosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).[1]
^The final consonant [-n is pronounced as [-ɲ by some speakers.
^
abcdefghThe
non-syllabic gliding [
w may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
u, as in [ua,uã,uaʔ,uɑ̃,ue,uən,uəʔ,uø].
^
abcdThe
non-syllabic gliding [
ɥ may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
y, as in [yɪʔ,yn,yø].
^
abcdefgThe
non-syllabic gliding [
j may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
i, as in [ia,iã,iaʔ,iɪʔ,ioŋ,ioʔ,iɔ,iɤ].
^jɪʔ is often shortened to be ɪʔ. Also refer to [v].
^[wã] is often merged to [wɑ̃] in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to [iv].
^The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).[2] An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).[3]
References
^钱乃荣; 许宝华; 汤珍珠, eds. (2007). 上海话大词典 [Shanghainese Grand Dictionary]. 上海辞书出版社.
^钱乃荣 (1988). "第贰章语音". In 许宝华; 汤珍珠 (eds.). 上海市区方言志 [A study of the Shanghai Urban Dialect]. 上海教育出版社. pp. 4, 8, 9, 24.
^Zhu, Xiaonong (1995). Shanghai Tonetics (PhD thesis). Australian National University.
This is the
pronunciation key for
IPA transcriptions of Wu Chinese on Wikipedia.
It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Wu Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing
consensus on the
talk page first.
The following tables list the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbols used for
Wu Chinese (吳語). For simplicity, only one romanization is given. See
romanization of Wu Chinese for more variants.
^
abcdGlosses are displayed over the dotted line. (Instructions: for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary are drawn from 上海话大词典 (2007).[1]
^The final consonant [-n is pronounced as [-ɲ by some speakers.
^
abcdefghThe
non-syllabic gliding [
w may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
u, as in [ua,uã,uaʔ,uɑ̃,ue,uən,uəʔ,uø].
^
abcdThe
non-syllabic gliding [
ɥ may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
y, as in [yɪʔ,yn,yø].
^
abcdefgThe
non-syllabic gliding [
j may be less explicitly transcribed with the syllabic [
i, as in [ia,iã,iaʔ,iɪʔ,ioŋ,ioʔ,iɔ,iɤ].
^jɪʔ is often shortened to be ɪʔ. Also refer to [v].
^[wã] is often merged to [wɑ̃] in the post-1966 generation. Also refer to [iv].
^The numeric contours are as given in Qian (1988).[2] An experimental and mathematical description of the contours slightly differed from Qian is given by Zhu (1995, 1999, 2005).[3]
References
^钱乃荣; 许宝华; 汤珍珠, eds. (2007). 上海话大词典 [Shanghainese Grand Dictionary]. 上海辞书出版社.
^钱乃荣 (1988). "第贰章语音". In 许宝华; 汤珍珠 (eds.). 上海市区方言志 [A study of the Shanghai Urban Dialect]. 上海教育出版社. pp. 4, 8, 9, 24.
^Zhu, Xiaonong (1995). Shanghai Tonetics (PhD thesis). Australian National University.