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Molecular model of the α7 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits. [1] As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, functional α7 receptors are pentameric [i.e., (α7)5 stoichiometry].

It is located in the brain, spleen, and lymphocytes of lymph nodes where activation yields post- and presynaptic excitation, [1] mainly by increased Ca2+ permeability.

Further, recent work has implicated this receptor as being important for generation of adult mammal neurons in the retina. [2] Functional α7 receptors are present in the submucous plexus neurons of the guinea-pig ileum. [3]

Medical relevance

Recent work has demonstrated a potential role in reducing inflammatory neurotoxicity in stroke, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and Alzheimer's disease. [4] [5] [6]

An α7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia. [7]

Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on mast cells, is a mechanism by which nicotine enhances atherosclerosis. [8]

Both α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors appear to be critical for memory, working memory, learning, and attention. [9]

α7-nicotinic receptors also appear to be involved in cancer progression. They have been shown to mediate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. [10] α7 receptors are also involved in angiogenic and neurogenic activity, and have anti- apoptotic effects. [11] [12] [13]

Ligands

Agonists

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)

At least two types of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be distinguished. [29]

  • PNU-120,596 [30]
  • NS-1738: marginal effects on α7 desensitization kinetics; modestly brain-penetrant [31]
  • AVL-3288: unlike the above PAMs, AVL-3288 does not affect α7 desensitization kinetics, and is readily brain penetrant. Improves cognitive behavior in animal models [32] In clinical development for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
  • A-867744 [33] [34]
  • Ivermectin

Other

Antagonists

It is found that anandamide and ethanol cause an additive inhibition on the function of α7-receptor by interacting with distinct regions of the receptor. Although ethanol inhibition of the α7-receptor is likely to involve the N-terminal region of the receptor, the site of action for anandamide is located in the transmembrane and carboxyl-terminal domains of the receptors. [38]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore, ISBN  0-443-07145-4, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.
  2. ^ Webster MK, Cooley-Themm CA, Barnett JD, Bach HB, Vainner JM, Webster SE, Linn CL (March 2017). "Evidence of BrdU-positive retinal neurons after application of an Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist". Neuroscience. 346: 437–446. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.029. PMC  5341387. PMID  28147247.
  3. ^ Glushakov AV, Voytenko LP, Skok MV, Skok V (January 2004). "Distribution of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing different alpha-subunits in the submucosal plexus of the guinea-pig". Autonomic Neuroscience. 110 (1): 19–26. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2003.08.012. PMID  14766321. S2CID  25872540.
  4. ^ Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Levine YA, Reardon C, et al. (October 2011). "Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit". Science. 334 (6052): 98–101. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334...98R. doi: 10.1126/science.1209985. PMC  4548937. PMID  21921156.
  5. ^ Tracey KJ (February 2007). "Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117 (2): 289–96. doi: 10.1172/JCI30555. PMC  1783813. PMID  17273548.
  6. ^ Norman GJ, Morris JS, Karelina K, Weil ZM, Zhang N, Al-Abed Y, et al. (March 2011). "Cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation disrupts cholinergic anti-inflammatory processes: a role for cholinergic α7 nicotinic receptors". The Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (9): 3446–52. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4558-10.2011. PMC  3758544. PMID  21368056.
  7. ^ Olincy A, Harris JG, Johnson LL, Pender V, Kongs S, Allensworth D, et al. (June 2006). "Proof-of-concept trial of an alpha7 nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 63 (6): 630–8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.630. PMID  16754836.
  8. ^ Wang, Chen; Chen, Han; Zhu, Wei; Xu, Yinchuan; Liu, Mingfei; Zhu, Lianlian; Yang, Fan; Zhang, Ling; Liu, Xianbao (January 2017). "Nicotine Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Activating α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Mast Cells". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 37 (1): 53–65. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307264. ISSN  1524-4636. PMID  27834689.
  9. ^ Levin ED, McClernon FJ, Rezvani AH (March 2006). "Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization". Psychopharmacology. 184 (3–4): 523–39. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0164-7. PMID  16220335. S2CID  17166624.
  10. ^ Dasgupta P, Rizwani W, Pillai S, Kinkade R, Kovacs M, Rastogi S, et al. (January 2009). "Nicotine induces cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a variety of human cancer cell lines". International Journal of Cancer. 124 (1): 36–45. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23894. PMC  2826200. PMID  18844224.
  11. ^ Brown KC, Lau JK, Dom AM, Witte TR, Luo H, Crabtree CM, et al. (March 2012). "MG624, an α7-nAChR antagonist, inhibits angiogenesis via the Egr-1/FGF2 pathway". Angiogenesis. 15 (1): 99–114. doi: 10.1007/s10456-011-9246-9. PMID  22198237. S2CID  17889977.
  12. ^ Wang J, Lu Z, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, et al. (May 2017). "Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Pathway Participates in the Neurogenesis Induced by ChAT-Positive Neurons in the Subventricular Zone". Translational Stroke Research. 8 (5): 484–493. doi: 10.1007/s12975-017-0541-7. PMC  5704989. PMID  28551702.
  13. ^ Gergalova G, Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Koval L, Chernyshov V, Kryukova E, et al. (2012). "Mitochondria express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to regulate Ca2+ accumulation and cytochrome c release: study on isolated mitochondria". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e31361. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...731361G. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031361. PMC  3281078. PMID  22359587.
  14. ^ Mazurov A, Klucik J, Miao L, Phillips TY, Seamans A, Schmitt JD, Hauser TA, Johnson RT, Miller C (April 2005). "2-(Arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines as selective alpha 7 nicotinic receptor ligands". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 15 (8): 2073–7. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.045. PMID  15808471.
  15. ^ Tietje KR, Anderson DJ, Bitner RS, Blomme EA, Brackemeyer PJ, Briggs CA, et al. (2008). "Preclinical characterization of A-582941: a novel alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist with broad spectrum cognition-enhancing properties". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 14 (1): 65–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2008.00037.x. PMC  6494002. PMID  18482100.
  16. ^ Talantova M, Sanz-Blasco S, Zhang X, Xia P, Akhtar MW, Okamoto S, et al. (July 2013). "Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (27): E2518–27. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110E2518T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1306832110. PMC  3704025. PMID  23776240.
  17. ^ Marrero MB, Papke RL, Bhatti BS, Shaw S, Bencherif M (April 2004). "The neuroprotective effect of 2-(3-pyridyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (TC-1698), a novel alpha7 ligand, is prevented through angiotensin II activation of a tyrosine phosphatase". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 309 (1): 16–27. CiteSeerX  10.1.1.420.2457. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.061655. PMID  14722323. S2CID  7730290.
  18. ^ Preskorn SH, Gawryl M, Dgetluck N, Palfreyman M, Bauer LO, Hilt DC (January 2014). "Normalizing effects of EVP-6124, an α-7 nicotinic partial agonist, on event-related potentials and cognition: a proof of concept, randomized trial in patients with schizophrenia". Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 20 (1): 12–24. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000442935.15833.c5. PMID  24419307. S2CID  19669958.
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-19. Retrieved 2014-03-13.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
  20. ^ a b Sadigh-Eteghad S, Talebi M, Mahmoudi J, Babri S, Shanehbandi D (July 2015). "Selective activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by PHA-543613 improves Aβ25-35-mediated cognitive deficits in mice". Neuroscience. 298: 81–93. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.017. PMID  25881725. S2CID  22477612.
  21. ^ Bali ZK, Inkeller J, Csurgyók R, Bruszt N, Horváth H, Hernádi I (February 2015). "Differential effects of α7 nicotinic receptor agonist PHA-543613 on spatial memory performance of rats in two distinct pharmacological dementia models". Behavioural Brain Research. 278: 404–10. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.10.030. PMID  25447295. S2CID  10791918.
  22. ^ Acker BA, Jacobsen EJ, Rogers BN, Wishka DG, Reitz SC, Piotrowski DW, et al. (June 2008). "Discovery of N-[(3R,5R)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-yl]furo[2,3-c]pyridine-5-carboxamide as an agonist of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: in vitro and in vivo activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 18 (12): 3611–5. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.04.070. PMID  18490160.
  23. ^ Walker DP, Wishka DG, Piotrowski DW, Jia S, Reitz SC, Yates KM, et al. (December 2006). "Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and in vivo activity of azabicyclic aryl amides as alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 14 (24): 8219–48. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.09.019. PMID  17011782.
  24. ^ Biton B, Bergis OE, Galli F, Nedelec A, Lochead AW, Jegham S, et al. (January 2007). "SSR180711, a novel selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist: (1) binding and functional profile". Neuropsychopharmacology. 32 (1): 1–16. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301189. PMID  17019409.
  25. ^ Macor JE, Gurley D, Lanthorn T, Loch J, Mack RA, Mullen G, et al. (February 2001). "The 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (ICS 205-930) is a potent and selective alpha7 nicotinic receptor partial agonist". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 11 (3): 319–21. doi: 10.1016/S0960-894X(00)00670-3. PMID  11212100.
  26. ^ Dallanoce C, Matera C, De Amici M, Rizzi L, Pucci L, Gotti C, Clementi F, De Micheli C (July 2012). "The enantiomers of epiboxidine and of two related analogs: synthesis and estimation of their binding affinity at α4β2 and α7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Chirality. 24 (7): 543–51. doi: 10.1002/chir.22052. PMID  22566097.
  27. ^ González-Rubio, Juana M; Rojo, Jonathan; Tapia, Laura; Maneu, Victoria; Mulet, José; Valor, Luis M.; Criado, Manuel; Sala, Francisco; García, Antonio G. (2004). Borges, R.; Gandía, L. (eds.). Choline as a tool to evaluate nicotinic receptor function in chromaffin cells (PDF). Luis Gandía. Spain: Instituto Teófilo Hernando. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help)
  28. ^ Dallanoce C, Magrone P, Matera C, Frigerio F, Grazioso G, De Amici M, et al. (May 2011). "Design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of novel spirocyclic quinuclidinyl-Δ2-isoxazoline derivatives as potent and selective agonists of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". ChemMedChem. 6 (5): 889–903. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201000514. PMID  21365765. S2CID  21407917.
  29. ^ Grønlien JH, Håkerud M, Ween H, Thorin-Hagene K, Briggs CA, Gopalakrishnan M, Malysz J (September 2007). "Distinct profiles of alpha7 nAChR positive allosteric modulation revealed by structurally diverse chemotypes". Molecular Pharmacology. 72 (3): 715–24. doi: 10.1124/mol.107.035410. PMID  17565004. S2CID  2460247.
  30. ^ Hurst RS, Hajós M, Raggenbass M, Wall TM, Higdon NR, Lawson JA, et al. (April 2005). "A novel positive allosteric modulator of the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: in vitro and in vivo characterization". The Journal of Neuroscience. 25 (17): 4396–405. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5269-04.2005. PMC  6725110. PMID  15858066.
  31. ^ Timmermann DB, Grønlien JH, Kohlhaas KL, Nielsen EØ, Dam E, Jørgensen TD, et al. (October 2007). "An allosteric modulator of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor possessing cognition-enhancing properties in vivo". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 323 (1): 294–307. doi: 10.1124/jpet.107.120436. PMID  17625074. S2CID  35392171.
  32. ^ Ng HJ, Whittemore ER, Tran MB, Hogenkamp DJ, Broide RS, Johnstone TB, et al. (May 2007). "Nootropic alpha7 nicotinic receptor allosteric modulator derived from GABAA receptor modulators". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (19): 8059–64. Bibcode: 2007PNAS..104.8059N. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0701321104. PMC  1876571. PMID  17470817.
  33. ^ Faghih R, Gopalakrishnan SM, Gronlien JH, Malysz J, Briggs CA, Wetterstrand C, et al. (May 2009). "Discovery of 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (A-867744) as a novel positive allosteric modulator of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 52 (10): 3377–84. doi: 10.1021/jm9003818. PMID  19419141.
  34. ^ Malysz J, Grønlien JH, Anderson DJ, Håkerud M, Thorin-Hagene K, Ween H, et al. (July 2009). "In vitro pharmacological characterization of a novel allosteric modulator of alpha 7 neuronal acetylcholine receptor, 4-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-propionyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenesulfonamide (A-867744), exhibiting unique pharmacological profile". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 330 (1): 257–67. doi: 10.1124/jpet.109.151886. PMID  19389923. S2CID  5470552.
  35. ^ Nishizaki T, Nomura T, Matuoka T, Kondoh T, Enikolopov G, Enikolopo G, Sumikawa K, Watabe S, Shiotani T, Yoshii M (August 2000). "The anti-dementia drug nefiracetam facilitates hippocampal synaptic transmission by functionally targeting presynaptic nicotinic ACh receptors". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 80 (1): 53–62. doi: 10.1016/S0169-328X(00)00117-0. PMID  11039729.
  36. ^ Zhao X, Kuryatov A, Lindstrom JM, Yeh JZ, Narahashi T (April 2001). "Nootropic drug modulation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in rat cortical neurons". Molecular Pharmacology. 59 (4): 674–83. doi: 10.1124/mol.59.4.674. PMID  11259610. S2CID  27825145.
  37. ^ Nishizaki T, Matsuoka T, Nomura T, Kondoh T, Watabe S, Shiotani T, Yoshii M (2000). "Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as a functional target of nefiracetam in inducing a long-lasting facilitation of hippocampal neurotransmission". Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders. 14 (Suppl 1): S82–94. doi: 10.1097/00002093-200000001-00013. PMID  10850735. S2CID  25914087.
  38. ^ Oz M, Jackson SN, Woods AS, Morales M, Zhang L (June 2005). "Additive effects of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide and ethanol on alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated responses in Xenopus Oocytes". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 313 (3): 1272–80. doi: 10.1124/jpet.104.081315. PMID  15687372. S2CID  23201726.
  39. ^ Whiteaker P, Christensen S, Yoshikami D, Dowell C, Watkins M, Gulyas J, et al. (June 2007). "Discovery, synthesis, and structure activity of a highly selective alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist". Biochemistry. 46 (22): 6628–38. doi: 10.1021/bi7004202. PMID  17497892.
  40. ^ Sharma, Charu; Al Kaabi, Juma M.; Nurulain, Syed M.; Goyal, Sameer N.; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Ojha, Shreesh (2016). "Polypharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Phytocannabinoid of Pharmaceutical Promise". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 22 (21): 3237–3264. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666160311115226. ISSN  1873-4286. PMID  26965491.
  41. ^ Tsuneki H, You Y, Toyooka N, Kagawa S, Kobayashi S, Sasaoka T, et al. (October 2004). "Alkaloids indolizidine 235B', quinolizidine 1-epi-207I, and the tricyclic 205B are potent and selective noncompetitive inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors". Molecular Pharmacology. 66 (4): 1061–9. doi: 10.1124/mol.104.000729. PMID  15258256. S2CID  17490742.
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Alpha-7_nicotinic_receptor&oldid=1229952313"
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Molecular model of the α7 nicotinic receptor

The alpha-7 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α7 receptor, is a type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor implicated in long-term memory, consisting entirely of α7 subunits. [1] As with other nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, functional α7 receptors are pentameric [i.e., (α7)5 stoichiometry].

It is located in the brain, spleen, and lymphocytes of lymph nodes where activation yields post- and presynaptic excitation, [1] mainly by increased Ca2+ permeability.

Further, recent work has implicated this receptor as being important for generation of adult mammal neurons in the retina. [2] Functional α7 receptors are present in the submucous plexus neurons of the guinea-pig ileum. [3]

Medical relevance

Recent work has demonstrated a potential role in reducing inflammatory neurotoxicity in stroke, myocardial infarction, sepsis, and Alzheimer's disease. [4] [5] [6]

An α7 nicotinic agonist appears to have positive effects on neurocognition in persons with schizophrenia. [7]

Activation of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on mast cells, is a mechanism by which nicotine enhances atherosclerosis. [8]

Both α4β2 and α7 nicotinic receptors appear to be critical for memory, working memory, learning, and attention. [9]

α7-nicotinic receptors also appear to be involved in cancer progression. They have been shown to mediate cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. [10] α7 receptors are also involved in angiogenic and neurogenic activity, and have anti- apoptotic effects. [11] [12] [13]

Ligands

Agonists

Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs)

At least two types of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) can be distinguished. [29]

  • PNU-120,596 [30]
  • NS-1738: marginal effects on α7 desensitization kinetics; modestly brain-penetrant [31]
  • AVL-3288: unlike the above PAMs, AVL-3288 does not affect α7 desensitization kinetics, and is readily brain penetrant. Improves cognitive behavior in animal models [32] In clinical development for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
  • A-867744 [33] [34]
  • Ivermectin

Other

Antagonists

It is found that anandamide and ethanol cause an additive inhibition on the function of α7-receptor by interacting with distinct regions of the receptor. Although ethanol inhibition of the α7-receptor is likely to involve the N-terminal region of the receptor, the site of action for anandamide is located in the transmembrane and carboxyl-terminal domains of the receptors. [38]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore, ISBN  0-443-07145-4, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.
  2. ^ Webster MK, Cooley-Themm CA, Barnett JD, Bach HB, Vainner JM, Webster SE, Linn CL (March 2017). "Evidence of BrdU-positive retinal neurons after application of an Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist". Neuroscience. 346: 437–446. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.029. PMC  5341387. PMID  28147247.
  3. ^ Glushakov AV, Voytenko LP, Skok MV, Skok V (January 2004). "Distribution of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors containing different alpha-subunits in the submucosal plexus of the guinea-pig". Autonomic Neuroscience. 110 (1): 19–26. doi: 10.1016/j.autneu.2003.08.012. PMID  14766321. S2CID  25872540.
  4. ^ Rosas-Ballina M, Olofsson PS, Ochani M, Valdés-Ferrer SI, Levine YA, Reardon C, et al. (October 2011). "Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit". Science. 334 (6052): 98–101. Bibcode: 2011Sci...334...98R. doi: 10.1126/science.1209985. PMC  4548937. PMID  21921156.
  5. ^ Tracey KJ (February 2007). "Physiology and immunology of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 117 (2): 289–96. doi: 10.1172/JCI30555. PMC  1783813. PMID  17273548.
  6. ^ Norman GJ, Morris JS, Karelina K, Weil ZM, Zhang N, Al-Abed Y, et al. (March 2011). "Cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation disrupts cholinergic anti-inflammatory processes: a role for cholinergic α7 nicotinic receptors". The Journal of Neuroscience. 31 (9): 3446–52. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4558-10.2011. PMC  3758544. PMID  21368056.
  7. ^ Olincy A, Harris JG, Johnson LL, Pender V, Kongs S, Allensworth D, et al. (June 2006). "Proof-of-concept trial of an alpha7 nicotinic agonist in schizophrenia". Archives of General Psychiatry. 63 (6): 630–8. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.630. PMID  16754836.
  8. ^ Wang, Chen; Chen, Han; Zhu, Wei; Xu, Yinchuan; Liu, Mingfei; Zhu, Lianlian; Yang, Fan; Zhang, Ling; Liu, Xianbao (January 2017). "Nicotine Accelerates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice by Activating α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Mast Cells". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 37 (1): 53–65. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.116.307264. ISSN  1524-4636. PMID  27834689.
  9. ^ Levin ED, McClernon FJ, Rezvani AH (March 2006). "Nicotinic effects on cognitive function: behavioral characterization, pharmacological specification, and anatomic localization". Psychopharmacology. 184 (3–4): 523–39. doi: 10.1007/s00213-005-0164-7. PMID  16220335. S2CID  17166624.
  10. ^ Dasgupta P, Rizwani W, Pillai S, Kinkade R, Kovacs M, Rastogi S, et al. (January 2009). "Nicotine induces cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in a variety of human cancer cell lines". International Journal of Cancer. 124 (1): 36–45. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23894. PMC  2826200. PMID  18844224.
  11. ^ Brown KC, Lau JK, Dom AM, Witte TR, Luo H, Crabtree CM, et al. (March 2012). "MG624, an α7-nAChR antagonist, inhibits angiogenesis via the Egr-1/FGF2 pathway". Angiogenesis. 15 (1): 99–114. doi: 10.1007/s10456-011-9246-9. PMID  22198237. S2CID  17889977.
  12. ^ Wang J, Lu Z, Fu X, Zhang D, Yu L, Li N, et al. (May 2017). "Alpha-7 Nicotinic Receptor Signaling Pathway Participates in the Neurogenesis Induced by ChAT-Positive Neurons in the Subventricular Zone". Translational Stroke Research. 8 (5): 484–493. doi: 10.1007/s12975-017-0541-7. PMC  5704989. PMID  28551702.
  13. ^ Gergalova G, Lykhmus O, Kalashnyk O, Koval L, Chernyshov V, Kryukova E, et al. (2012). "Mitochondria express α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to regulate Ca2+ accumulation and cytochrome c release: study on isolated mitochondria". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e31361. Bibcode: 2012PLoSO...731361G. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031361. PMC  3281078. PMID  22359587.
  14. ^ Mazurov A, Klucik J, Miao L, Phillips TY, Seamans A, Schmitt JD, Hauser TA, Johnson RT, Miller C (April 2005). "2-(Arylmethyl)-3-substituted quinuclidines as selective alpha 7 nicotinic receptor ligands". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 15 (8): 2073–7. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.02.045. PMID  15808471.
  15. ^ Tietje KR, Anderson DJ, Bitner RS, Blomme EA, Brackemeyer PJ, Briggs CA, et al. (2008). "Preclinical characterization of A-582941: a novel alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptor agonist with broad spectrum cognition-enhancing properties". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 14 (1): 65–82. doi: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2008.00037.x. PMC  6494002. PMID  18482100.
  16. ^ Talantova M, Sanz-Blasco S, Zhang X, Xia P, Akhtar MW, Okamoto S, et al. (July 2013). "Aβ induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (27): E2518–27. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110E2518T. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1306832110. PMC  3704025. PMID  23776240.
  17. ^ Marrero MB, Papke RL, Bhatti BS, Shaw S, Bencherif M (April 2004). "The neuroprotective effect of 2-(3-pyridyl)-1-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (TC-1698), a novel alpha7 ligand, is prevented through angiotensin II activation of a tyrosine phosphatase". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 309 (1): 16–27. CiteSeerX  10.1.1.420.2457. doi: 10.1124/jpet.103.061655. PMID  14722323. S2CID  7730290.
  18. ^ Preskorn SH, Gawryl M, Dgetluck N, Palfreyman M, Bauer LO, Hilt DC (January 2014). "Normalizing effects of EVP-6124, an α-7 nicotinic partial agonist, on event-related potentials and cognition: a proof of concept, randomized trial in patients with schizophrenia". Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 20 (1): 12–24. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000442935.15833.c5. PMID  24419307. S2CID  19669958.
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-19. Retrieved 2014-03-13.{{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
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