1601:
Battle of Kinsale, England defeats Irish and Spanish forces at the town of Kinsale, driving the Gaelic aristocracy out of Ireland and destroying the Gaelic clan system.
1602: June, British East India Company's first voyage, commanded by
Sir James Lancaster, arrives in
Aceh and sails on to
Bantam where he is allowed to build trading post which becomes the centre of British trade in Indonesia until 1682.[2]
1603: First permanent Dutch trading post is established in
Banten,
West Java.[2] First successful VOC privateering raid on a Portuguese ship.
1604: A second English East India Company voyage commanded by
Sir Henry Middleton reaches Ternate, Tidore, Ambon and Banda. Fierce VOC hostility is encountered in Banda thus beginning Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices.[2]
1607:
Iskandar Muda becomes the Sultan of
Aceh (r. 1607–1637). He will launch a series of naval conquests that will transform Aceh into a great power in the western
Maritime Southeast Asia.
1610: The VOC appoints
Pieter Both as its first Governor-General to enable firmer control of their affairs in Asia.[1] Previously all business had (in theory) required the approval of the Heeren XVII, a group of seventeen shareholders in Amsterdam.
1613: Sultan
Iskandar Muda of
Aceh captures the North Sumatran port of
Aru, subjugating the
Sultanate of Deli. This allows Aceh to focus its expansionary efforts on the
Straits of Malacca. Iskandar Muda continues on to sack
Johor and kidnap its Sultan's family, but is later forced to retreat back to Aceh.
1619:
Jan Pieterszoon Coen appointed Governor-General of the VOC who would show he had no scruples about using brute force to establish the VOC on a firm footing. While
Ambon and
Pattani had been the major VOC trading centers to this point, Coen is convinced that Dutch need a more central location near the
Sunda Strait.
1620:
Bethlen Gabor allies with the Ottomans and an invasion of
Moldavia takes place. The Polish suffer a disaster at
Cecora on the River
Prut.
1620: Almost the entire native population of
Banda Islands was deported, driven away, starved to death or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch colonial slave labour.
1620: Diplomatic agreements in Europe commence a three-year period of cooperation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade.[2]
1623: In a notorious but disputed incident, known as the '
Amboyna massacre', ten English and ten Japanese traders are arrested, tried and beheaded for conspiracy against the Dutch Government.[5] The English quietly withdraw from most of their Indonesian activities (except trading in Bantam) and focus on other Asian interests.
1642: Beginning of
English Civil War, conflict will end in 1649 with the execution of
King Charles I, abolishment of the monarchy and the establishment of the supremacy of Parliament over the king.
1643:
Louis XIV is crowned King of France. He reigned over the
Kingdom of France until his death in 1715, making his reign the longest of any monarch in history at 72 years and 110 days.
1653: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament and replaces it with the Nominated Assembly (also called the Assembly of Saints or Barebones Parliament). After three months, the Nominated Assembly passes a motion to dissolve itself and Cromwell establishes the Protectorate.
1667: As a result of the
Treaty of Breda between Dutch and England, the Dutch secured a worldwide monopoly on
nutmeg by forcing England to give up their claim on
Run, the most remote of the
Banda Islands.
1668: Peace
Treaty of Lisbon between Spain and Portugal recognizes Portugal as independent country.
1673:
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is the first to observe microbes with a homemade microscope, using samples he collected from his teeth scrapings, raindrops, and his own feces. He calls them "animalcules."
1678: The
Treaty of Nijmegen ends various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sweden, Denmark, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Holy Roman Empire.
1689: The
Karposh rebellion is crushed in present-day
North Macedonia, Skopje is retaken by the Ottoman Turks. Karposh is killed, and the rebels are defeated.
^Miller, George, ed. (1996). To The Spice Islands and Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xvi.
ISBN967-65-3099-9.
1601:
Battle of Kinsale, England defeats Irish and Spanish forces at the town of Kinsale, driving the Gaelic aristocracy out of Ireland and destroying the Gaelic clan system.
1602: June, British East India Company's first voyage, commanded by
Sir James Lancaster, arrives in
Aceh and sails on to
Bantam where he is allowed to build trading post which becomes the centre of British trade in Indonesia until 1682.[2]
1603: First permanent Dutch trading post is established in
Banten,
West Java.[2] First successful VOC privateering raid on a Portuguese ship.
1604: A second English East India Company voyage commanded by
Sir Henry Middleton reaches Ternate, Tidore, Ambon and Banda. Fierce VOC hostility is encountered in Banda thus beginning Anglo-Dutch competition for access to spices.[2]
1607:
Iskandar Muda becomes the Sultan of
Aceh (r. 1607–1637). He will launch a series of naval conquests that will transform Aceh into a great power in the western
Maritime Southeast Asia.
1610: The VOC appoints
Pieter Both as its first Governor-General to enable firmer control of their affairs in Asia.[1] Previously all business had (in theory) required the approval of the Heeren XVII, a group of seventeen shareholders in Amsterdam.
1613: Sultan
Iskandar Muda of
Aceh captures the North Sumatran port of
Aru, subjugating the
Sultanate of Deli. This allows Aceh to focus its expansionary efforts on the
Straits of Malacca. Iskandar Muda continues on to sack
Johor and kidnap its Sultan's family, but is later forced to retreat back to Aceh.
1619:
Jan Pieterszoon Coen appointed Governor-General of the VOC who would show he had no scruples about using brute force to establish the VOC on a firm footing. While
Ambon and
Pattani had been the major VOC trading centers to this point, Coen is convinced that Dutch need a more central location near the
Sunda Strait.
1620:
Bethlen Gabor allies with the Ottomans and an invasion of
Moldavia takes place. The Polish suffer a disaster at
Cecora on the River
Prut.
1620: Almost the entire native population of
Banda Islands was deported, driven away, starved to death or killed in an attempt to replace them with Dutch colonial slave labour.
1620: Diplomatic agreements in Europe commence a three-year period of cooperation between the Dutch and the English over the spice trade.[2]
1623: In a notorious but disputed incident, known as the '
Amboyna massacre', ten English and ten Japanese traders are arrested, tried and beheaded for conspiracy against the Dutch Government.[5] The English quietly withdraw from most of their Indonesian activities (except trading in Bantam) and focus on other Asian interests.
1642: Beginning of
English Civil War, conflict will end in 1649 with the execution of
King Charles I, abolishment of the monarchy and the establishment of the supremacy of Parliament over the king.
1643:
Louis XIV is crowned King of France. He reigned over the
Kingdom of France until his death in 1715, making his reign the longest of any monarch in history at 72 years and 110 days.
1653: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the Rump Parliament and replaces it with the Nominated Assembly (also called the Assembly of Saints or Barebones Parliament). After three months, the Nominated Assembly passes a motion to dissolve itself and Cromwell establishes the Protectorate.
1667: As a result of the
Treaty of Breda between Dutch and England, the Dutch secured a worldwide monopoly on
nutmeg by forcing England to give up their claim on
Run, the most remote of the
Banda Islands.
1668: Peace
Treaty of Lisbon between Spain and Portugal recognizes Portugal as independent country.
1673:
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek is the first to observe microbes with a homemade microscope, using samples he collected from his teeth scrapings, raindrops, and his own feces. He calls them "animalcules."
1678: The
Treaty of Nijmegen ends various interconnected wars among France, the Dutch Republic, Spain, Brandenburg, Sweden, Denmark, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, and the Holy Roman Empire.
1689: The
Karposh rebellion is crushed in present-day
North Macedonia, Skopje is retaken by the Ottoman Turks. Karposh is killed, and the rebels are defeated.
^Miller, George, ed. (1996). To The Spice Islands and Beyond: Travels in Eastern Indonesia. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. xvi.
ISBN967-65-3099-9.