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Calendar year
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1812 .
March 16 –
April 6 :
Siege of Badajoz
1812 (
MDCCCXII ) was a
leap year starting on Wednesday of the
Gregorian calendar and a
leap year starting on Monday of the
Julian calendar , the 1812th year of the
Common Era (CE) and
Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 812th year of the
2nd millennium , the 12th year of the
19th century , and the 3rd year of the
1810s decade. As of the start of 1812, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
July 12 – Americans invade Canada at
Windsor, Ontario .
July 18 –
Russia's Patriotic War –
Battle of Klyastitsy :
Kulnev defeats
Oudinot , but sustains a mortal wound.
July 19 –
Beethoven and
Goethe meet each other in
Teplice ,
Bohemia .
July 22 –
Peninsular War –
Battle of Salamanca : British forces led by
the Earl of Wellington defeat French troops near
Salamanca , Spain.
August 5 –
War of 1812 :
Tecumseh 's
Indian force ambushes
Thomas Van Horne 's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.
August 12 –
Peninsular War : The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of
Wellington enters
Madrid , following the
Battle of Salamanca .
August 15 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Fort Dearborn :
Potawatomi warriors overrun the United States fort in
Illinois Territory .
August 16 –
War of 1812 : American General
William Hull surrenders
Fort Detroit , without a fight, to the British Army.
August 19 –
War of 1812 :
USS Constitution
defeats the British
frigate
Guerriere , off the coast of
Nova Scotia . The British shot is said to have bounced off Constitution ' s sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".
September 7 –
Napoleonic Wars –
French invasion of Russia –
Battle of Borodino : The bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic Wars ends in a
tactical victory for Napoleon. There are at least 70,000 casualties, with a minimum of 6,562 dead from the French
Grande Armée alone.
September 14 –
French invasion of Russia and
Fire of Moscow :
Napoleon 's troops enter Moscow, which is deliberately set
on fire by Muscovites, on orders of
Fyodor Rostopchin . Later accounts report that France lost 40,000 troops during four days of fire between September 17 and 20, and that 20,000 Russian soldiers were killed in what would be described in 1876 as "the greatest example in history of national self-sacrifice for the destruction of an invader."
[2]
October 9 –
War of 1812 : American naval forces under
Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships,
HMS Detroit and
HMS Caledonia .
October 12 – The capital of the
Pennsylvania , United States, is permanently moved from
Lancaster to
Harrisburg .
[3]
[4]
October 13 –
War of 1812 –
Battle of Queenston Heights : As part of the
Niagara campaign in
Ontario , Canada, United States forces under General
Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops, led by Sir
Isaac Brock (who dies during the battle).
October 18 –
20 –
Second Battle of Polotsk – Russians attack and defeat a Franco-Bavarian force in
Belarus .
October 19 –
Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow.
October 23 –
Malet coup of 1812 : General
Claude François de Malet attempts unsuccessfully to overthrow the Napoleonic régime in Paris.
October 24 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Maloyaroslavets : An inconclusive encounter between the French
vanguard and a Russian force leads
Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.
November 3 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Vyazma : The rearguard of Napoleon's retreating army is defeated.
November 5 –
1812 United States presidential election :
James Madison defeats
DeWitt Clinton .
November 10 –
1812 United Kingdom general election : The
Tory Party is victorious, under
Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool .
November 15 –
18 –
Napoleonic Wars –
Battle of Krasnoi : Napoleon's retreating army is again defeated in a series of skirmishes.
December 8 – The M6.9–7.5
San Juan Capistrano earthquake affects
Alta California with a maximum
Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong ) to IX (Violent ), killing 40 parishioners at
Mission San Juan Capistrano .
December 14 – The
French invasion of Russia comes to an end as the remnants of the
Grande Armée are expelled from Russia.
December 20 – The first volume of
Grimms' Fairy Tales is published in Germany.
December 29 –
War of 1812 :
USS Constitution defeats the British frigate
HMS Java , off the coast of
Brazil .
December 30 – The
Convention of Tauroggen is signed.
Charles Dickens
Henry Wilson
Fernando Wood
Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn
January 6 –
Melchora Aquino , Filipino revolutionary hero (d.
1919 )
January 13 –
Victor de Laprade , French poet, critic (d.
1883 )
February 3 –
William Fraser Tolmie , Scottish-Canadian scientist, politician (d.
1886 )
February 7 –
Charles Dickens , English novelist (d.
1870 )
[5]
February 11 –
Alexander Hamilton Stephens ,
Vice President of the Confederate States of America (d.
1883 )
February 15 –
Charles Lewis Tiffany , American jeweler, co-founder of
Tiffany & Co. (d.
1902 )
[6]
February 18 –
Nils Johan Berlin , Swedish chemist, professor (d.
1891 )
February 29 – Sir
James Milne Wilson , Premier of Tasmania (d.
1880 )
March 1
March 6 –
Aaron Lufkin Dennison , American watch manufacturer (d.
1895 )
March 22 –
Stephen Pearl Andrews , American anarchist, abolitionist (d.
1886 )
April 14 –
George Grey , Portugal-born British colonial governor, 11th
Premier of New Zealand (d.
1898 )
April 20 –
Pauline Åhman , Swedish harpist (d.
1904 )
April 22 –
Solomon Caesar Malan , Swiss-born orientalist (d.
1894 )
April 23 –
Frederick Whitaker , English-New Zealand lawyer, politician, 5th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d.
1891 )
April 27
April 29 –
Emilie Högquist , Swedish dramatic star (d.
1846 )
May 6 –
Madame Restell , American abortion provider (d.
1878 )
May 7 –
Robert Browning , English poet (d.
1889 )
[8]
May 12 –
Edward Lear , English artist, nonsense poet (d.
1888 )
[9]
June 9 –
Johann Gottfried Galle , German astronomer (d.
1910 )
June 13 –
Gustavus H. Scott , American admiral (d.
1882 )
June 14 –
Fernando Wood , American politician,
U.S. House of Representatives from
New York and 2-time
Mayor of New York City (d.
1881 )
July 2 –
Nathaniel de Rothschild , French wine grower (d.
1870 )
July 8 –
Louisa Hamilton, Duchess of Abercorn (b.
1905 )
August 8 –
John Rodgers , American admiral (d.
1882 )
August 25
August 27 –
Bertalan Szemere , 3rd Prime Minister of Hungary (d.
1869 )
September 2 –
William Fox , 2nd
Premier of New Zealand (d.
1893 )
September 18 –
Herschel Vespasian Johnson , American politician (d.
1880 )
October 12 –
Ascanio Sobrero , Italian chemist (d.
1888 )
October 20 –
Austin Flint I , American cardiologist (d.
1886 )
November 14 –
Aleardo Aleardi , Italian poet (d.
1878 )
November 19 –
Edmond Jurien de La Gravière , French admiral, naval historian, and biographer (d.
1892 )
December 6 –
Ana María Martínez de Nisser , Colombian heroine and writer (d.
1872 )
December 8 –
Henry Varnum Poor , American financial analyst (d.
1905 )
December 14 –
Charles Canning, 1st Earl Canning , British Viceroy of India (d.
1862 )
December 17 –
Vilhelm Petersen , Danish painter (d.
1880 )
December 24 –
Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal , German jurist (d.
1894 )
Spencer Perceval
Mayer Amschel Rothschild
January 23 –
Robert Craufurd , British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b.
1764 )
February 2 –
Isaac Titsingh , Dutch scholar, merchant-trader and ambassador (b.
1745 )
March 7 –
Isaac Swainson , English botanist (b.
1746 )
March 11 –
Philip James de Loutherbourg , English artist (b.
1740 )
April 14 –
William Nicholas (officer) , English army officer, at the
Siege of Badajoz (b.
1785 )
April 15 –
Michael Atkins , Irish actor and theatre manager (b.
1746 )
April 20 –
George Clinton ,
4th
Vice President of the United States (b.
1739 )
April 25 –
Edmond Malone , Irish scholar (b.
1741 )
May 11 –
Spencer Perceval ,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (
assassinated ) (b.
1762 )
May 12
May 18 –
John Bellingham , British assassin of Spencer Perceval (b.
1769 )
May 27 –
Manuela Gandarillas , Bolivian freedom fighter (born c. 1740s)
[10]
July 4 –
Victurnien-Jean-Baptiste de Rochechouart de Mortemart , French general and politician (b.
1752 )
August 1 –
Yakov Kulnev , Russian military leader (b.
1763 ).
August 12 –
Anna Strong , Patriot spy during the American Revolutionary War (b.
1740 )
August 30 –
George Mathews , American army officer and politician (b.
1739 )
September 13 –
Leonardo Bravo , Mexican general who fought in the
Mexican War of Independence , father of
Nicolas Bravo , executed (b.
1764 )
[11]
September 19
September 21 –
Emanuel Schikaneder , German dramatist, actor and singer (b.
1751 )
September 24
October 13 –
Isaac Brock , British general (killed in action) (b.
1769 )
December 15 –
Schneur Zalman , Polish rabbi and founder of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement (b.
1745 )
December 20 –
Sacagawea , Shoshone guide (b. ca.
1788 )
December 24 –
George Beck , American artist and poet (b.
1749 )
^
"Helsinki 200: 8 April 1812 Emperor Alexander I promotes Helsinki to the capital of the Grand Duchy" . Archived from
the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved August 1, 2017 .
^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance , Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 67
^ I. Daniel Rupp, History of Lancaster County: To which is Prefixed a Brief Sketch of the Early History of Pennsylvania
^ (Gilbert Hillis, 1844; reprinted by Heritage Books, 1990) p. 434
^ Norman Page (1999).
Charles Dickens: Family History . Psychology Press. p. 23.
ISBN
978-0-415-22233-4 .
^
The Ministers Manual: A Study and Pulpit Guide . Harper. 1961. p. 5.
^ The New Kobbé's Opera Book . Ebury Press. 1997. p. 231.
ISBN
9780091814106 .
^ John Bryson (1967).
Robert Browning . British Council and the National Book League. p. 5.
ISBN
978-0-582-01106-9 .
^ John Lehmann (1977).
Edward Lear and his World . p. 10.
^
Américas , vol.52, pp.28, 31, Organization of American States, 2000.
^
"Biografía de Leonardo Bravo" (in Spanish). Mexico Lindo y Querido. April 25, 2017. Retrieved May 31, 2019 .