Uma | |
---|---|
Pipikoro | |
Native to | Indonesia |
Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1990) [1] |
Austronesian
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
ppk |
Glottolog |
umaa1242 |
Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Bilabial | Alveolar |
Palato-
(alveolar) |
Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
voiced | b | d | dʒ | g | |||
prenasalized | ᵐp | ⁿt | ⁿtʃ | ᵑk | |||
Fricative | β | s | h | ||||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | l | j | ( ɭ) |
Notes:
Orthographic notes:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
Free | ABS | ERG | GEN | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1P (SG) | akuʔ | -a | ku- | -ku | ||||
1P (PL.ex) | kaiʔ | -kai | ki- | -kai | ||||
1P (PL.in) | kitaʔ | -ta | ta- | -ta | ||||
2P (SG) | iko | -ko | nu- | -nu | ||||
2P (PL) | koiʔ | -koi | ni- | -ni | ||||
3P (SG) | hiʔa | -i | na- | -na | ||||
3P (PL) | hiraʔ | -ra | ra- | -ra |
Notes: [2]
The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:
Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.
Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma, [3] noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.
Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.
Uma | |
---|---|
Pipikoro | |
Native to | Indonesia |
Region | Sulawesi |
Native speakers | (20,000 cited 1990) [1] |
Austronesian
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
ppk |
Glottolog |
umaa1242 |
Uma (known natively as Pipikoro) is an Austronesian language spoken in Central and South Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Bilabial | Alveolar |
Palato-
(alveolar) |
Retroflex | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
voiced | b | d | dʒ | g | |||
prenasalized | ᵐp | ⁿt | ⁿtʃ | ᵑk | |||
Fricative | β | s | h | ||||
Trill | r | ||||||
Approximant | l | j | ( ɭ) |
Notes:
Orthographic notes:
Front | Central | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Close | i | u | |
Close-Mid | e | o | |
Open | a |
Free | ABS | ERG | GEN | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1P (SG) | akuʔ | -a | ku- | -ku | ||||
1P (PL.ex) | kaiʔ | -kai | ki- | -kai | ||||
1P (PL.in) | kitaʔ | -ta | ta- | -ta | ||||
2P (SG) | iko | -ko | nu- | -nu | ||||
2P (PL) | koiʔ | -koi | ni- | -ni | ||||
3P (SG) | hiʔa | -i | na- | -na | ||||
3P (PL) | hiraʔ | -ra | ra- | -ra |
Notes: [2]
The cardinal numbers from 1 to 10 are:
Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) recognizes seven dialects of Uma.
Martens (2014) recognized six major dialects of Uma, [3] noting that the Tori'untu dialect is nearly extinct due to the encroachment of the Kantewu dialect and non-Uma languages.
Martens also identifies two dialects closely related to Uma spoken in the Pasangkayu Regency.