GorontaloâMongondow | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia |
Linguistic classification |
Austronesian
|
Proto-language | Proto-GorontaloâMongondow |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | goro1257 |
The GorontaloâMongondow languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The GorontaloâMongondow languages are divided into two branches: [1]
Similarities between Mongondow and the languages of the Philippines were already recognized in the first half of the 20th century. [3] Noorduyn (1982) presented phonological and morphological evidence for a close connection between Gorontalo and Mongondow, [4] while the full extent of the subgroup including all other Gorontalic languages was established by Usup (1986). [1] Blust (1991) has shown that the GorontaloâMongondow languages link up with many languages of the central and southern Philippines in the Greater Central Philippine subgroup. [5] The following table exemplifies the close relationship, listing Greater Central Philippine innovations which are found in Mongondow (representing the GorontaloâMongondow languages) and Tagalog (the northernmost member of the Greater Central Philippine subgroup):
Mongondow | Tagalog | Meaning |
---|---|---|
modaliÊ-daliÊ | madalĂÊ | 'quick' |
modolom | madilĂm | 'dark' |
duguÊ | dugĂłÊ | 'blood' |
obuÊ | ubĂł | 'cough' |
pugad | pĂșgad | 'nest' |
tapaÊ | sĂĄpaÊ | 'brook' |
tubig | tĂșbig | 'water' |
The lexicon and phonology of Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow has been reconstructed by Usup (1986). [1] Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow pronouns have been reconstructed by Lobel (2011). [6]
GorontaloâMongondow | |
---|---|
Geographic distribution | Gorontalo, North Sulawesi, and Central Sulawesi provinces, Indonesia |
Linguistic classification |
Austronesian
|
Proto-language | Proto-GorontaloâMongondow |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | goro1257 |
The GorontaloâMongondow languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken in northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.
The GorontaloâMongondow languages are divided into two branches: [1]
Similarities between Mongondow and the languages of the Philippines were already recognized in the first half of the 20th century. [3] Noorduyn (1982) presented phonological and morphological evidence for a close connection between Gorontalo and Mongondow, [4] while the full extent of the subgroup including all other Gorontalic languages was established by Usup (1986). [1] Blust (1991) has shown that the GorontaloâMongondow languages link up with many languages of the central and southern Philippines in the Greater Central Philippine subgroup. [5] The following table exemplifies the close relationship, listing Greater Central Philippine innovations which are found in Mongondow (representing the GorontaloâMongondow languages) and Tagalog (the northernmost member of the Greater Central Philippine subgroup):
Mongondow | Tagalog | Meaning |
---|---|---|
modaliÊ-daliÊ | madalĂÊ | 'quick' |
modolom | madilĂm | 'dark' |
duguÊ | dugĂłÊ | 'blood' |
obuÊ | ubĂł | 'cough' |
pugad | pĂșgad | 'nest' |
tapaÊ | sĂĄpaÊ | 'brook' |
tubig | tĂșbig | 'water' |
The lexicon and phonology of Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow has been reconstructed by Usup (1986). [1] Proto-Gorontalo-Mongondow pronouns have been reconstructed by Lobel (2011). [6]