 | This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{
lang}}, {{
transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{
IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's
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| KaureâKosare | |
|---|---|
| Nawa River | |
| Geographic distribution | Nawa River, New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | a primary language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | kaur1274 |
 Map: The KaureâKapori languages of New Guinea
The KaureâKapori languages
TransâNew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The KaureâKosare or Nawa River languages are a small family spoken along the Nawa River in West Papua, near the northern border with Papua New Guinea. [1] The languages are Kaure and Kosare.
Classification
Kaure and Kosare (Kosadle) are clearly related. There is a history of classifying them with the KaporiâSause languages. However, Kapori and Sause show no particular connection to the Kaure languages, and may be closer to Kwerba. [1]
Foley (2018) considers a connection with Trans-New Guinea to be promising, but tentatively leaves Kaure-Kosare out as an independent language family pending further evidence. [2]
Proto-language
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: [1]
*m *n *p *t *k *b *g *s *h *w *ɜ [*j]
Coda consonants are stop *C (or more precisely *P) and nasal *N.
*i *u *e *o *É *É *ĂŠ *a
Diphthongs are *Éi, *Éu, *ai *au.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: [1]
sg pl 1 *no (?), *na- *wÉN 2 *ha-(nÉ) ? 3 ? ?
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [1]
gloss Proto-Nawa River hair *haâ± ear *hwÉkÉœuC eye *hweÌN tusk/tooth *pakaâ± skin/bark *ki breast *muN louse *miN dog *seÌ pig *pĂź bird *hoÌC tree *tÉâ±C woman *naâ± sun *h[ĂŠ/a]niC moon *paka water *mi[jÉ] fire *sa(-[n/Éœ]ÉN) eat *naâ±
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975) [3] [4] and other sources, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [5]
gloss Kaure [6] Kosare [7] Narau head kasera; pleĆ; pÉklai potÉÂŽ hair hai; hat potÉi fukura hai ear goklu; huaglĂŒt 'kÉro eye gewe; hwai; hwew Ä©sÉrit nose gopo; hapu moro 'kakĂČ tooth sbeje; sÉbokai pÉki sebekai tongue sremu; sÉŸumu pÉrÉÂŽ leg due; duÉ nue louse mi; mÄ© mi dog se sĂ© pig pi pi kandu bird hou; hu; ku o egg hore; te; wale ho'sÌȘÉri blood hi; katesa; katsa ña bone era; laq; loa 'kĂĄkĂČ skin aguli; arohei; axlit breast mu; muq kĂł kakĂČ tree te; tei; teija tÄ©âżdi bimesini man debla; dido nepra woman dae ážÉ©mÉ'kasia sky lÉbĂŒ nubÉ· sun hafei; haÉŸi; harei ÉnÉŽ➯ kaberja moon gaka; poka paka water bi; biq; gomesi biÉ bi fire sa; saÊ; sareĆ sĂĄ sare stone tÉsi; tÉsi; tisi 'naka road, path selu kÉmÉrÉÂŽ name bÉre; blÉ; nokomne morÉ eat ganasi; kadi; kandÉ kÉnÉÂŽ kanaisini one gogotia; kauxjaÊ; kaxotia kora'ÉžÉ two tÉŸapli; tÉravÉrei; trapi tau
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e New Guinea World, Nawa River
- ^ Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433â568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi: 10.15144/PL-A28.47
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi: 10.15144/PL-B31
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Clouse, D.A. 1997. Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya. In Franklin, K. (ed). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 2. Pacific Linguistics: Canberra.
- ^ Heeschen, V. 1978. The Mek languages of Irian Jaya with special reference to the Eipo language. Irian, 2: 3-67.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15â66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Kaure languages database at TransNewGuinea.org
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, ProtoâNawa River
| This article should specify the language of its non-English content, using {{
lang}}, {{
transliteration}} for transliterated languages, and {{
IPA}} for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
ISO 639 code. Wikipedia's
multilingual support templates may also be used. (December 2021) |
| KaureâKosare | |
|---|---|
| Nawa River | |
| Geographic distribution | Nawa River, New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification | a primary language family |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | kaur1274 |
|
Map: The KaureâKapori languages of New Guinea
The KaureâKapori languages
TransâNew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The KaureâKosare or Nawa River languages are a small family spoken along the Nawa River in West Papua, near the northern border with Papua New Guinea. [1] The languages are Kaure and Kosare.
Classification
Kaure and Kosare (Kosadle) are clearly related. There is a history of classifying them with the KaporiâSause languages. However, Kapori and Sause show no particular connection to the Kaure languages, and may be closer to Kwerba. [1]
Foley (2018) considers a connection with Trans-New Guinea to be promising, but tentatively leaves Kaure-Kosare out as an independent language family pending further evidence. [2]
Proto-language
Phonemes
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: [1]
*m *n *p *t *k *b *g *s *h *w *ɜ [*j]
Coda consonants are stop *C (or more precisely *P) and nasal *N.
*i *u *e *o *É *É *ĂŠ *a
Diphthongs are *Éi, *Éu, *ai *au.
Pronouns
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: [1]
sg pl 1 *no (?), *na- *wÉN 2 *ha-(nÉ) ? 3 ? ?
Basic vocabulary
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [1]
gloss Proto-Nawa River hair *haâ± ear *hwÉkÉœuC eye *hweÌN tusk/tooth *pakaâ± skin/bark *ki breast *muN louse *miN dog *seÌ pig *pĂź bird *hoÌC tree *tÉâ±C woman *naâ± sun *h[ĂŠ/a]niC moon *paka water *mi[jÉ] fire *sa(-[n/Éœ]ÉN) eat *naâ±
Vocabulary comparison
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1971, 1975) [3] [4] and other sources, as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [5]
gloss Kaure [6] Kosare [7] Narau head kasera; pleĆ; pÉklai potÉÂŽ hair hai; hat potÉi fukura hai ear goklu; huaglĂŒt 'kÉro eye gewe; hwai; hwew Ä©sÉrit nose gopo; hapu moro 'kakĂČ tooth sbeje; sÉbokai pÉki sebekai tongue sremu; sÉŸumu pÉrÉÂŽ leg due; duÉ nue louse mi; mÄ© mi dog se sĂ© pig pi pi kandu bird hou; hu; ku o egg hore; te; wale ho'sÌȘÉri blood hi; katesa; katsa ña bone era; laq; loa 'kĂĄkĂČ skin aguli; arohei; axlit breast mu; muq kĂł kakĂČ tree te; tei; teija tÄ©âżdi bimesini man debla; dido nepra woman dae ážÉ©mÉ'kasia sky lÉbĂŒ nubÉ· sun hafei; haÉŸi; harei ÉnÉŽ➯ kaberja moon gaka; poka paka water bi; biq; gomesi biÉ bi fire sa; saÊ; sareĆ sĂĄ sare stone tÉsi; tÉsi; tisi 'naka road, path selu kÉmÉrÉÂŽ name bÉre; blÉ; nokomne morÉ eat ganasi; kadi; kandÉ kÉnÉÂŽ kanaisini one gogotia; kauxjaÊ; kaxotia kora'ÉžÉ two tÉŸapli; tÉravÉrei; trapi tau
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e New Guinea World, Nawa River
- ^ Foley, William A. (2018). "The languages of Northwest New Guinea". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 433â568. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. "Miscellaneous Notes on Languages in West Irian, New Guinea". In Dutton, T., Voorhoeve, C. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in New Guinea Linguistics No. 14. A-28:47-114. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1971. doi: 10.15144/PL-A28.47
- ^ Voorhoeve, C.L. Languages of Irian Jaya: Checklist. Preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. B-31, iv + 133 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1975. doi: 10.15144/PL-B31
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Clouse, D.A. 1997. Towards a reconstruction and reclassification of the Lakes Plain languages of Irian Jaya. In Franklin, K. (ed). Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 2. Pacific Linguistics: Canberra.
- ^ Heeschen, V. 1978. The Mek languages of Irian Jaya with special reference to the Eipo language. Irian, 2: 3-67.
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15â66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Kaure languages database at TransNewGuinea.org
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, ProtoâNawa River