| Turama窶適ikorian | |
|---|---|
| Rumu 窶 Omati River | |
| Geographic distribution | Omati River region, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification |
Papuan Gulf ?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | tura1263 |
 Map: The Turama窶適ikorian languages of New Guinea
The Turama窶適ikorian languages
Trans窶哲ew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Turama窶適ikorian languages are a family identified by Arthur Capell (1962) [1] and part of the Trans窶哲ew Guinea languages (TNG) family in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005). The family is named after the Turama River and Kikori River of southern Papua New Guinea; the alternative name is based more narrowly on the Omati River.
Languages
The four languages are clearly related, though Rumu is divergent. Ross states that Rumu links the other (Turama) languages to TNG.
Proto-language
![[]](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png){kind=small}
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [2]
gloss Proto-Rumu-Omati Proto-Omati River Rumu head/top *mab *mab mapﾃｴ leaf/hair/feather *b[au]t *bﾉ杯 ?paﾉｾﾃ｢u ear *goﾌ *goﾌ kﾅ eye *isﾄｩ *isﾄｩ ihﾄｫ nose *ju *ju jﾅｫ tooth *magu *magu makﾃｹ foot/leg *tﾃ｣盞 *tﾃ｣盞 ﾉｾﾉ嵶 bone *tab *tab ﾉｾapﾃｲ breast *sﾃｵﾌ *sﾃｵﾌ hﾃｳ louse *gutﾉ芭 *gutﾉ芭 kuﾉｾﾉ販 dog *gas *gas kﾃ｡ ~ kaﾃｩ pig *gﾉ納u]n *gﾉ馬 kﾉ氾ｹ bird *ga盞 *ga盞 kﾃ｡ ~ kaﾃｩ egg *d[ﾉ脳um *d[ﾉ脳um tree *i *i ﾃｬ sun *ﾉ孕ﾉ蚤 *ﾉ孕ﾉ蚤 ﾉ嬋ﾉ販 water *w蘯ｽﾌ *w蘯ｽﾌ fire *i *i ﾃｬ path *dﾉ帚ｱ *dﾉ帚ｱ tﾉ崚ｮ name *eﾌ拵eﾌ拵eﾌ拵 *neﾌ拵eﾌ拵 enenﾃｩ two *t[a竅ｱ/a盞犠 *ta盞 taﾃｭ
Vocabulary comparison
Basic vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1973), [3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [4]
gloss Rumu Ikobi-Mena Mena Omati head wotu rapo mapﾊｰ mabo mawo hair pate maporo maboru mahabero ear ku pate kupi kovi kovi eye ihita si(tom) sitﾉ盃mu isi nose yu rapo bopﾊｰ boﾆo sorowu tooth maku kaﾌｧiﾌｧ yo kaiyﾉ kokame tongue ﾉ派ﾉ kumen kumﾉ嬾 komene leg re riki hae h蘯｡i habo hai louse kuro kurom kuromiﾉ kulamu dog ka kas kasﾉ kase bird ka kae kaiﾉ kae egg re tﾊ経m tﾊ稽ﾉ mena hai blood hokore kai kai kei bone rapo hap havo havo skin heitau kora kﾊｷaru kebo breast hﾉ soﾌｧ so; ﾅ｡o ﾅ｡u tree i i ﾊ琶 man uki wane wﾉ馬ami; wﾉ馬e gamin woman wo besi bﾉ孕e bes sun eho iyos yosﾉ; yosu soa moon pari wasiba wasibia; wasibﾊ固玉 baira water u muﾌｧ mu fae fire i kom kumu kumu stone akapu kam kamﾉ kamu name paina nanini nﾉ嬾ﾉ嬾e nenena eat nato nokun; nouwe nﾊ吾ｵwe damanai one riabai; 盪嬖abai sﾊ渓anﾉ sﾊ渓anﾉ sakaina two tai hae haiﾉ hatarari
Fauna names
Below are some turtle names, with additional names in Porome, Kiwaian, and Kutubuan languages also provided for comparison: [5]
| Language [Location] | Emydura subglobosa | Elseya novaeguineae | Carettochelys insculpta | Pelochelys bibroni | Marine turtle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ikobi [Kasere] (Kaiam) | Kaso bubal | Kaso bubal | Kaso Uwo | Kaso Mimiri | 窶 |
| Foroba (Omo, Kuru) | Kinisuga | Kesoga | Buguama | Mimiri | 窶 |
| Rumu (Kopi, Ogamabu, Irimuku, Lalau, Ario, Waira) | Kehoko | Kehoko, Purapati | Piku | Mimiri, Otohehe | 窶 |
| Porome [Kibiri] (Veiru, Doibo) | Ketori | Ketori | Watemui | Kauri | 窶 |
| Porome [Porome] (Ero, Wowou) | Ketoko | Ketoko | Watemu | Dabeuri | 窶 |
| Kerewo [Goaribari] (Apeawa, Samoa) | 窶 | Koimo | Uwo | Unawaya | Mirimiri, Gamo |
| Kiwai, Northeast [Urama] (Veraibari) | Koimo | Koimo | Va窶册ma | Goava窶册ma | Mia Mia |
| Foi (Soro, Wasami, Tugiri, Kese, Kapoi) | 窶 | Baregwarabo | 窶 | 窶 | 窶 |
| Fasu (Wairo, Hebaya) | 窶 | Eketaiyaa | 窶 | 窶 | 窶 |
Names for Emydura subglobosa and Elseya novaeguineae are generally identical or similar.
References
- ^ Capell, Arthur. 1962. Linguistic Survey of the South-Western Pacific (New and revised edition). (South Pacific Commission Technical Paper, 136.) Noumea: South Pacific Commission. 258pp.
- ^ Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto窶迭umu 窶 Omati River
- ^ Franklin, K.J. "Other Language Groups in the Gulf District and Adjacent Areas". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:261-278. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi: 10.15144/PL-C26.261
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Georges, A., Guarino, F., & Bito, B. (2006). Freshwater turtles of the TransFly region of Papua New Guinea 窶 notes on diversity, distribution, reproduction, harvest and trade. Wildlife Research, 33(5), 373. doi: 10.1071/wr05087
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15窶66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto窶迭umu 窶 Omati River
- (ibid.) Proto窶徹mati River
| Turama窶適ikorian | |
|---|---|
| Rumu 窶 Omati River | |
| Geographic distribution | Omati River region, Gulf Province, Papua New Guinea |
| Linguistic classification |
Papuan Gulf ?
|
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | tura1263 |
|
Map: The Turama窶適ikorian languages of New Guinea
The Turama窶適ikorian languages
Trans窶哲ew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Turama窶適ikorian languages are a family identified by Arthur Capell (1962) [1] and part of the Trans窶哲ew Guinea languages (TNG) family in the classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and Malcolm Ross (2005). The family is named after the Turama River and Kikori River of southern Papua New Guinea; the alternative name is based more narrowly on the Omati River.
Languages
The four languages are clearly related, though Rumu is divergent. Ross states that Rumu links the other (Turama) languages to TNG.
Proto-language
Some lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [2]
gloss Proto-Rumu-Omati Proto-Omati River Rumu head/top *mab *mab mapﾃｴ leaf/hair/feather *b[au]t *bﾉ杯 ?paﾉｾﾃ｢u ear *goﾌ *goﾌ kﾅ eye *isﾄｩ *isﾄｩ ihﾄｫ nose *ju *ju jﾅｫ tooth *magu *magu makﾃｹ foot/leg *tﾃ｣盞 *tﾃ｣盞 ﾉｾﾉ嵶 bone *tab *tab ﾉｾapﾃｲ breast *sﾃｵﾌ *sﾃｵﾌ hﾃｳ louse *gutﾉ芭 *gutﾉ芭 kuﾉｾﾉ販 dog *gas *gas kﾃ｡ ~ kaﾃｩ pig *gﾉ納u]n *gﾉ馬 kﾉ氾ｹ bird *ga盞 *ga盞 kﾃ｡ ~ kaﾃｩ egg *d[ﾉ脳um *d[ﾉ脳um tree *i *i ﾃｬ sun *ﾉ孕ﾉ蚤 *ﾉ孕ﾉ蚤 ﾉ嬋ﾉ販 water *w蘯ｽﾌ *w蘯ｽﾌ fire *i *i ﾃｬ path *dﾉ帚ｱ *dﾉ帚ｱ tﾉ崚ｮ name *eﾌ拵eﾌ拵eﾌ拵 *neﾌ拵eﾌ拵 enenﾃｩ two *t[a竅ｱ/a盞犠 *ta盞 taﾃｭ
Vocabulary comparison
Basic vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from Franklin (1973), [3] as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [4]
gloss Rumu Ikobi-Mena Mena Omati head wotu rapo mapﾊｰ mabo mawo hair pate maporo maboru mahabero ear ku pate kupi kovi kovi eye ihita si(tom) sitﾉ盃mu isi nose yu rapo bopﾊｰ boﾆo sorowu tooth maku kaﾌｧiﾌｧ yo kaiyﾉ kokame tongue ﾉ派ﾉ kumen kumﾉ嬾 komene leg re riki hae h蘯｡i habo hai louse kuro kurom kuromiﾉ kulamu dog ka kas kasﾉ kase bird ka kae kaiﾉ kae egg re tﾊ経m tﾊ稽ﾉ mena hai blood hokore kai kai kei bone rapo hap havo havo skin heitau kora kﾊｷaru kebo breast hﾉ soﾌｧ so; ﾅ｡o ﾅ｡u tree i i ﾊ琶 man uki wane wﾉ馬ami; wﾉ馬e gamin woman wo besi bﾉ孕e bes sun eho iyos yosﾉ; yosu soa moon pari wasiba wasibia; wasibﾊ固玉 baira water u muﾌｧ mu fae fire i kom kumu kumu stone akapu kam kamﾉ kamu name paina nanini nﾉ嬾ﾉ嬾e nenena eat nato nokun; nouwe nﾊ吾ｵwe damanai one riabai; 盪嬖abai sﾊ渓anﾉ sﾊ渓anﾉ sakaina two tai hae haiﾉ hatarari
Fauna names
Below are some turtle names, with additional names in Porome, Kiwaian, and Kutubuan languages also provided for comparison: [5]
| Language [Location] | Emydura subglobosa | Elseya novaeguineae | Carettochelys insculpta | Pelochelys bibroni | Marine turtle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ikobi [Kasere] (Kaiam) | Kaso bubal | Kaso bubal | Kaso Uwo | Kaso Mimiri | 窶 |
| Foroba (Omo, Kuru) | Kinisuga | Kesoga | Buguama | Mimiri | 窶 |
| Rumu (Kopi, Ogamabu, Irimuku, Lalau, Ario, Waira) | Kehoko | Kehoko, Purapati | Piku | Mimiri, Otohehe | 窶 |
| Porome [Kibiri] (Veiru, Doibo) | Ketori | Ketori | Watemui | Kauri | 窶 |
| Porome [Porome] (Ero, Wowou) | Ketoko | Ketoko | Watemu | Dabeuri | 窶 |
| Kerewo [Goaribari] (Apeawa, Samoa) | 窶 | Koimo | Uwo | Unawaya | Mirimiri, Gamo |
| Kiwai, Northeast [Urama] (Veraibari) | Koimo | Koimo | Va窶册ma | Goava窶册ma | Mia Mia |
| Foi (Soro, Wasami, Tugiri, Kese, Kapoi) | 窶 | Baregwarabo | 窶 | 窶 | 窶 |
| Fasu (Wairo, Hebaya) | 窶 | Eketaiyaa | 窶 | 窶 | 窶 |
Names for Emydura subglobosa and Elseya novaeguineae are generally identical or similar.
References
- ^ Capell, Arthur. 1962. Linguistic Survey of the South-Western Pacific (New and revised edition). (South Pacific Commission Technical Paper, 136.) Noumea: South Pacific Commission. 258pp.
- ^ Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto窶迭umu 窶 Omati River
- ^ Franklin, K.J. "Other Language Groups in the Gulf District and Adjacent Areas". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:261-278. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi: 10.15144/PL-C26.261
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ Georges, A., Guarino, F., & Bito, B. (2006). Freshwater turtles of the TransFly region of Papua New Guinea 窶 notes on diversity, distribution, reproduction, harvest and trade. Wildlife Research, 33(5), 373. doi: 10.1071/wr05087
- Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15窶66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
External links
- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto窶迭umu 窶 Omati River
- (ibid.) Proto窶徹mati River