GogodalaâSuki | |
---|---|
Suki â Aramia River | |
Geographic distribution | Aramia River region, Western Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification |
Papuan Gulf ?
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | suki1244 |
Map: The GogodalaâSuki languages of New Guinea
The GogodalaâSuki languages
TransâNew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The GogodalaâSuki or Suki â Aramia River languages are a small language family of Papua New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Aramia River.
The languages are:
GogodalaâSuki languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below. [1]
Language | Location | Population |
---|---|---|
Suki | north-central Morehead Rural LLG | 3,500 |
Gogodala | Gogodala Rural LLG | 26,000 |
Ari | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
Waruna | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
The reconstructed sound system is, [2]
*m | *n | |
*p | *t | *k |
*b | *d | *g |
*s | ||
?*r |
It's not clear that there was *w or *j distinct from *u and *i.
*i | *u | |
*e | *o | |
*É | ||
*a |
Free pronouns and object prefixes are: [2]
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *nÉ | *sÉ |
2 | *É | *dÉ |
3 | *o(-b) | ? |
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *n- | *s- |
2 | *- | *d- |
3 | *- | *d- |
(2sg and 3sg is zero.)
Proto-SukiâAramia (i.e., Proto-GogodalaâSuki) lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [2]
gloss | Proto-Suki-Aramia |
---|---|
1 sg. | *nÉ |
2 sg. | *É |
3 sg. | *o(-b) |
1 pl. | *sÉ |
2 pl. | *dÉ |
again | *goarma |
and/with | *da |
animate ref. | *-te |
be/live | *e[r] |
breast | *bu |
eat | *na |
fat/grease | *sap[e/É] |
fire | *ir[a] |
garden | *ega[d] |
girl | *sua |
give to 3 sg. | *ata |
heavy | *mene |
know | *it[a/o]ua |
language | *gi |
leaf | *bagu |
locative | *-m |
louse | *amu |
man | *dar[o/a] |
mouth | *magat |
night | *is[É/a] |
nose | *min |
other | *et[a/o] |
path | *na... |
penis | *o |
see | *ti |
skin/bark | *kakar |
stative | *-[V]taka |
tail | *uani |
this/here | *mÉ-m |
tooth | *poso |
tree | *[e]i |
wallaby/meat | *[u]kapu |
what?/who? | *p[a]oa |
where?/to | *bÉ |
wing | *it[e/a] |
woman | *ato |
yesterday/tomorrow | *[É/a]n[É/a]p |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), [3] Voorhoeve (1970), and Reesink (1976), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [4]
gloss | Ari | Gogodala | Suki |
---|---|---|---|
head | gabi | ganabi | tibodu |
hair | tiËta | tita | nigbagu |
ear | etubada; kÉso | igibi | iakadgu |
eye | tokodaba | tao | itumku |
nose | ndogu | mina | umuku |
tooth | mÉnÉpila | poso | tamki |
tongue | mÉlÉpila | ||
leg | gupi | ||
louse | ikami | ami | daka |
dog | sokÉ | soke | ebme |
pig | uai | kuainu | |
bird | soma | ||
egg | momona | ||
blood | dede | ||
bone | mboige | gosa | budu |
skin | kakala; puka | kaka | kaka |
breast | omo | omo | |
tree | yei | riku | |
man | dalagi | dala; dalagi | daru; guargia |
woman | atogi | ato; susÉgi | atu |
sun | gadepa | kadÉpa | kamgu |
moon | tÉkÉ | ||
water | ogo | wi | |
fire | awa | ila | araka |
stone | -nadi | ||
road, path | nape | nabidi | napru; rapru |
name | enoma | gagi | yaka |
eat | na- | na | |
one | maitaia | ||
two | saki |
Gogodalic-Suki formed a branch of TransâNew Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. Possible reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: [5]
GogodalaâSuki | |
---|---|
Suki â Aramia River | |
Geographic distribution | Aramia River region, Western Province, Papua New Guinea |
Linguistic classification |
Papuan Gulf ?
|
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | suki1244 |
Map: The GogodalaâSuki languages of New Guinea
The GogodalaâSuki languages
TransâNew Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited |
The GogodalaâSuki or Suki â Aramia River languages are a small language family of Papua New Guinea, spoken in the region of the Aramia River.
The languages are:
GogodalaâSuki languages and respective demographic information listed by Evans (2018) are provided below. [1]
Language | Location | Population |
---|---|---|
Suki | north-central Morehead Rural LLG | 3,500 |
Gogodala | Gogodala Rural LLG | 26,000 |
Ari | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
Waruna | Gogodala Rural LLG | ? |
The reconstructed sound system is, [2]
*m | *n | |
*p | *t | *k |
*b | *d | *g |
*s | ||
?*r |
It's not clear that there was *w or *j distinct from *u and *i.
*i | *u | |
*e | *o | |
*É | ||
*a |
Free pronouns and object prefixes are: [2]
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *nÉ | *sÉ |
2 | *É | *dÉ |
3 | *o(-b) | ? |
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1 | *n- | *s- |
2 | *- | *d- |
3 | *- | *d- |
(2sg and 3sg is zero.)
Proto-SukiâAramia (i.e., Proto-GogodalaâSuki) lexical reconstructions by Usher (2020) are: [2]
gloss | Proto-Suki-Aramia |
---|---|
1 sg. | *nÉ |
2 sg. | *É |
3 sg. | *o(-b) |
1 pl. | *sÉ |
2 pl. | *dÉ |
again | *goarma |
and/with | *da |
animate ref. | *-te |
be/live | *e[r] |
breast | *bu |
eat | *na |
fat/grease | *sap[e/É] |
fire | *ir[a] |
garden | *ega[d] |
girl | *sua |
give to 3 sg. | *ata |
heavy | *mene |
know | *it[a/o]ua |
language | *gi |
leaf | *bagu |
locative | *-m |
louse | *amu |
man | *dar[o/a] |
mouth | *magat |
night | *is[É/a] |
nose | *min |
other | *et[a/o] |
path | *na... |
penis | *o |
see | *ti |
skin/bark | *kakar |
stative | *-[V]taka |
tail | *uani |
this/here | *mÉ-m |
tooth | *poso |
tree | *[e]i |
wallaby/meat | *[u]kapu |
what?/who? | *p[a]oa |
where?/to | *bÉ |
wing | *it[e/a] |
woman | *ato |
yesterday/tomorrow | *[É/a]n[É/a]p |
The following basic vocabulary words are from McElhanon & Voorhoeve (1970), [3] Voorhoeve (1970), and Reesink (1976), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database: [4]
gloss | Ari | Gogodala | Suki |
---|---|---|---|
head | gabi | ganabi | tibodu |
hair | tiËta | tita | nigbagu |
ear | etubada; kÉso | igibi | iakadgu |
eye | tokodaba | tao | itumku |
nose | ndogu | mina | umuku |
tooth | mÉnÉpila | poso | tamki |
tongue | mÉlÉpila | ||
leg | gupi | ||
louse | ikami | ami | daka |
dog | sokÉ | soke | ebme |
pig | uai | kuainu | |
bird | soma | ||
egg | momona | ||
blood | dede | ||
bone | mboige | gosa | budu |
skin | kakala; puka | kaka | kaka |
breast | omo | omo | |
tree | yei | riku | |
man | dalagi | dala; dalagi | daru; guargia |
woman | atogi | ato; susÉgi | atu |
sun | gadepa | kadÉpa | kamgu |
moon | tÉkÉ | ||
water | ogo | wi | |
fire | awa | ila | araka |
stone | -nadi | ||
road, path | nape | nabidi | napru; rapru |
name | enoma | gagi | yaka |
eat | na- | na | |
one | maitaia | ||
two | saki |
Gogodalic-Suki formed a branch of TransâNew Guinea languages in the classification of Malcolm Ross. Possible reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are: [5]