Vegetation type endemic to the Cape Peninsula in Cape Town, South Africa
Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos is a unique and
endangered vegetation type that is endemic to the
Cape Peninsula in
Cape Town. This type of Mountain
Fynbos occurs on very poor, acidic soils but is incredibly rich in
biodiversity with an enormous number of plant species – many of which occur nowhere else. Due to its poor soils and steep, inaccessible location, it has not been developed for farming or houses, and consequently it is relatively well conserved.[1]
Description
The plant life is a special kind of
Fynbos, containing a vast mix of species from all of the principal components of Fynbos vegetation. A great many of these species are
endemic and can be found nowhere else in the world, including around 33 endemic
Ericas. (There is even a unique species of aloe, the
Table Mountain Aloe, which is also
endemic to
Table Mountain's Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos.)
The variety of tall
Protea species are particularly striking and noticeable and are especially common growing in the rough sands of wetter spots. In lower areas that are wetter still,
Restios become dominant, while a wide range of
Erica species predominate on the better-drained slopes.
Asteraceous (Daisy) species are more common in steeper, drier spots and succulent plants occur on the steepest cliff faces.
In areas which are protected from seasonal fires, such as river valleys, the Fynbos is replaced by dense, indigenous
Afrotemperate forest.
Natural distribution
This is the predominant vegetation type of the higher parts of the
Cape Peninsula, from the face of
Table Mountain in the north, southwards as far as
Cape Point. It is the main ecosystem of the upper slopes of Table Mountain (and a tiny pocket of it is found on the very top of Lions Head), but it is low-lying in the southern parts of the peninsula, often even occurring at sea level. Overall it corresponds closely with the rocky, acid sands of Table Mountain Sandstone.
Threats and conservation
Most Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos still remains (98%), mainly due to its steep, inaccessible location and its poor soils, which together make it unsuitable both for housing and for farming. The attempt to establish successful commercial
pine plantations failed due to the poor
soil quality; the plantations have mostly been removed.[citation needed] The main threats to this ecosystem today come from invasive alien plants such as
wattles (mostly
Port Jackson and
Rooikrans wattle),
hakeas and
pine trees. Another problem is human disturbance of the ecosystem’s natural cycle of fires.[2]
About 79% of this vegetation type is statutorily protected, due to its lying within the
Table Mountain National Park and it is largely well preserved. However it is nonetheless classified as
endangered due to its very large number of threatened Red List species.[3]
For such a tiny ecosystem it has an extraordinarily rich
biodiversity, having roughly the same number of plant species as can be found in the whole of the
United Kingdom.[4]
Vegetation type endemic to the Cape Peninsula in Cape Town, South Africa
Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos is a unique and
endangered vegetation type that is endemic to the
Cape Peninsula in
Cape Town. This type of Mountain
Fynbos occurs on very poor, acidic soils but is incredibly rich in
biodiversity with an enormous number of plant species – many of which occur nowhere else. Due to its poor soils and steep, inaccessible location, it has not been developed for farming or houses, and consequently it is relatively well conserved.[1]
Description
The plant life is a special kind of
Fynbos, containing a vast mix of species from all of the principal components of Fynbos vegetation. A great many of these species are
endemic and can be found nowhere else in the world, including around 33 endemic
Ericas. (There is even a unique species of aloe, the
Table Mountain Aloe, which is also
endemic to
Table Mountain's Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos.)
The variety of tall
Protea species are particularly striking and noticeable and are especially common growing in the rough sands of wetter spots. In lower areas that are wetter still,
Restios become dominant, while a wide range of
Erica species predominate on the better-drained slopes.
Asteraceous (Daisy) species are more common in steeper, drier spots and succulent plants occur on the steepest cliff faces.
In areas which are protected from seasonal fires, such as river valleys, the Fynbos is replaced by dense, indigenous
Afrotemperate forest.
Natural distribution
This is the predominant vegetation type of the higher parts of the
Cape Peninsula, from the face of
Table Mountain in the north, southwards as far as
Cape Point. It is the main ecosystem of the upper slopes of Table Mountain (and a tiny pocket of it is found on the very top of Lions Head), but it is low-lying in the southern parts of the peninsula, often even occurring at sea level. Overall it corresponds closely with the rocky, acid sands of Table Mountain Sandstone.
Threats and conservation
Most Peninsula Sandstone Fynbos still remains (98%), mainly due to its steep, inaccessible location and its poor soils, which together make it unsuitable both for housing and for farming. The attempt to establish successful commercial
pine plantations failed due to the poor
soil quality; the plantations have mostly been removed.[citation needed] The main threats to this ecosystem today come from invasive alien plants such as
wattles (mostly
Port Jackson and
Rooikrans wattle),
hakeas and
pine trees. Another problem is human disturbance of the ecosystem’s natural cycle of fires.[2]
About 79% of this vegetation type is statutorily protected, due to its lying within the
Table Mountain National Park and it is largely well preserved. However it is nonetheless classified as
endangered due to its very large number of threatened Red List species.[3]
For such a tiny ecosystem it has an extraordinarily rich
biodiversity, having roughly the same number of plant species as can be found in the whole of the
United Kingdom.[4]