Flowering plants in the order Myrtales recorded from South Africa
Myrtales is an
order of
flowering plants placed within the eurosids by the
APG III system of classification for
angiosperms . This finding is corroborated by the placement of the Myrtales in the Malvid clade by the One Thousand Plant Transcriptomes Initiative.
[1]
The
anthophytes are a grouping of plant taxa bearing flower-like reproductive structures. They were formerly thought to be a
clade comprising plants bearing flower-like structures. The group contained the
angiosperms - the extant flowering plants, such as
roses and
grasses - as well as the
Gnetales and the extinct
Bennettitales .
[2]
23,420 species of vascular plant have been recorded in South Africa, making it the sixth most species-rich country in the world and the most species-rich country on the African continent. Of these, 153 species are considered to be threatened.
[3] Nine
biomes have been described in South Africa:
Fynbos , Succulent
Karoo ,
desert ,
Nama Karoo ,
grassland ,
savanna ,
Albany thickets , the
Indian Ocean coastal belt , and
forests .
[4]
The 2018
South African National Biodiversity Institute 's
National Biodiversity Assessment plant checklist lists 35,130 taxa in the phyla
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts (6)),
Anthophyta (flowering plants (33534)),
Bryophyta (mosses (685)),
Cycadophyta (cycads (42)),
Lycopodiophyta (Lycophytes(45)),
Marchantiophyta (liverworts (376)),
Pinophyta (conifers (33)), and
Pteridophyta (cryptogams (408)).
[5]
Ten
families are represented in the literature. Listed
taxa include
species ,
subspecies ,
varieties , and
forms as recorded, some of which have subsequently been allocated to other taxa as
synonyms , in which cases the accepted taxon is appended to the listing. Multiple entries under alternative names reflect
taxonomic revision over time.
Combretaceae
Family:
Combretaceae ,
[5]
Combretum
Genus
Combretum :
[5]
Combretum apiculatum Sond. indigenous
Combretum apiculatum Sond. subsp. apiculatum , indigenous
Combretum bracteosum (Hochst.) Engl. & Diels, endemic
Combretum caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze, endemic
Combretum celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. orientale Exell, accepted as
Combretum celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. celastroides , indigenous
Combretum collinum Fresen. indigenous
Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. gazense (Swynn. & Baker f.) Okafor, indigenous
Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. suluense (Engl. & Diels) Okafor, indigenous
Combretum collinum Fresen. subsp. taborense (Engl.) Okafor, indigenous
Combretum edwardsii Exell, endemic
Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond. indigenous
Combretum hereroense Schinz, indigenous
Combretum hereroense Schinz subsp. hereroense , indigenous
Combretum imberbe Wawra, indigenous
Combretum kraussii Hochst. indigenous
Combretum microphyllum Klotzsch, indigenous
Combretum mkuzense J.D.Carr & Retief, endemic
Combretum moggii Exell, endemic
Combretum molle R.Br. ex G.Don, indigenous
Combretum mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl. indigenous
Combretum nelsonii Dummer, endemic
Combretum padoides Engl. & Diels, indigenous
Combretum petrophilum Retief, endemic
Combretum stylesii O.Maurin, Jordaan & A.E.van Wyk, indigenous
Combretum tenuipes Engl. & Diels, endemic
Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk var. glabratum N.Hahn, endemic
Combretum vendae A.E.van Wyk var. vendae , endemic
Combretum woodii Dummer, indigenous
Combretum zeyheri Sond. indigenous
Lumnitzera
Genus
Lumnitzera :
[5]
Pteleopsis
Genus
Pteleopsis :
[5]
Quisqualis
Genus
Quisqualis :
[5]
Terminalia
Genus
Terminalia :
[5]
Heteropyxidaceae
Family:
Heteropyxidaceae ,
[5]
Heteropyxis
Genus
Heteropyxis :
[5]
Lythraceae
Family:
Lythraceae ,
[5]
Ammannia
Genus
Ammannia :
[5]
Cuphea
Genus
Cuphea :
[5]
Galpinia
Genus
Galpinia :
[5]
Heimia
Genus
Heimia :
[5]
Lagerstroemia
Genus
Lagerstroemia :
[5]
Lythrum
Genus
Lythrum :
[5]
Nesaea
Genus
Nesaea :
[5]
Nesaea alata Immelman, indigenous
Nesaea anagalloides (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea cordata Hiern, indigenous
Nesaea crassicaulis (Guill. & Perr.) Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea cymosa Immelman, indigenous
Nesaea dinteri Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea dinteri Koehne subsp. elata A.Fern. indigenous
Nesaea drummondii A.Fern. indigenous
Nesaea heptamera Hiern, indigenous
Nesaea passerinoides (Welw. ex Hiern) Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea radicans Guill. & Perr. indigenous
Nesaea radicans Guill. & Perr. var. floribunda (Sond.) A.Fern. indigenous
Nesaea rigidula (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne forma ericiformis , endemic
Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne forma swaziensis , indigenous
Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. sagittifolia , indigenous
Nesaea schinzii Koehne, indigenous
Nesaea schlechteri A.Fern. indigenous
Nesaea tolypobotrys Koehne, endemic
Nesaea wardii Immelman, endemic
Nesaea woodii Koehne, endemic
Nesaea zambatidis Immelman, indigenous
Punica
Genus
Punica :
[5]
Rotala
Genus
Rotala :
[5]
Trapa
Genus
Trapa :
[5]
Trapa natans L. indigenous
Trapa natans L. var. pumila Nakano ex Verdc. indigenous
Melastomataceae
Family:
Melastomataceae ,
[5]
Antherotoma
Genus
Antherotoma :
[5]
Dissotis
Genus
Dissotis :
[5]
Heterocentron
Genus
Heterocentron :
[5]
Melastoma
Genus
Melastoma :
[5]
Pleroma
Genus
Pleroma :
Pleroma granulosum (Desr.) D.Don (syn. Tibouchina granulosa ) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Pleroma urvilleanum (DC.) P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang. (syn. Tibouchina urvilleana ) not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Memecylaceae
Family:
Memecylaceae ,
[5]
Memecylon
Genus
Memecylon :
[5]
Warneckea
Genus
Warneckea :
[5]
Myrtaceae
Family:
Myrtaceae ,
[5]
Agonis
Genus
Agonis :
[5]
Baeckea
Genus
Baeckea :
[5]
Callistemon
Genus
Callistemon :
[5]
Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels, accepted as
Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Callistemon rigidus R.Br. accepted as
Melaleuca linearis Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. var. linearis , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Callistemon rugulosus (Schltdl. ex Link) DC. accepted as
Melaleuca rugulosa (Schltdl. ex Link) Craven
Callistemon speciosus (Sims) DC. accepted as
Melaleuca glauca (Sweet) Craven, not indigenous, naturalised
Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G.Don, accepted as
Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes subsp. viminalis , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Calothamnus
Genus
Calothamnus :
[5]
Corymbia
Genus
Corymbia :
[5]
Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Corymbia ficifolia (F.Muell.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus
Genus
Eucalyptus :
[5]
Eucalyptus botryoides Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. accepted as
Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Eucalyptus cladocalyx F.Muell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus conferruminata D.J.Carr & S.G.M.Carr, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus globulus Labill. subsp. maidenii (F.Muell.) Kirkp. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus longifolia Link & Otto, not indigenous, naturalised
Eucalyptus microcorys F.Muell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus microtheca F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. not indigenous, naturalised
Eucalyptus sideroxylon A.Cunn. ex Woolls, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Eugenia
Genus
Eugenia :
[5]
Eugenia albanensis Sond. endemic
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. indigenous
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. a , indigenous
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. capensis , indigenous
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. gueinzii (Sond.) F.White, endemic
Eugenia erythrophylla Strey, endemic
Eugenia gueinzii Sond. accepted as
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. gueinzii (Sond.) F.White, present
Eugenia mossambicensis Engl. accepted as
Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. a , present
Eugenia natalitia Sond. indigenous
Eugenia pusilla N.E.Br. endemic
Eugenia simii Dummer, endemic
Eugenia umtamvunensis A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Eugenia uniflora L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Eugenia verdoorniae A.E.van Wyk, endemic
Eugenia woodii Dummer, indigenous
Eugenia zeyheri (Harv.) Harv. endemic
Eugenia zuluensis Dummer, endemic
Leptospermum
Genus
Leptospermum :
[5]
Melaleuca
Genus
Melaleuca :
[5]
Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca armillaris (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Sm. subsp. armillaris , not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca citrina (Curtis) Dum.Cours. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca cruenta Craven & R.D.Edwards, not indigenous, naturalised
Melaleuca diosmifolia Andrews, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca elliptica Labill. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca hypericifolia Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca linearis Schrad. & J.C.Wendl. var. linearis , not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca nesophila F.Muell. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca parvistaminea Byrnes, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca peucophylla Craven & R.D.Edwards, not indigenous, naturalised
Melaleuca quadrifida (R.Br.) Craven & R.D.Edwards subsp. quadrifida , not indigenous, naturalised
Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T.Blake, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca rugulosa (Schltdl. ex Link) Craven, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Melaleuca salicina Craven, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca styphelioides Sm. not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised
Melaleuca subulata (Cheel) Craven, not indigenous, naturalised
Melaleuca viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) Byrnes subsp. viminalis , not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Metrosideros
Genus
Metrosideros :
[5]
Myrtus
Genus
Myrtus :
[5]
Psidium
Genus
Psidium :
[5]
Syncarpia
Genus
Syncarpia :
[5]
Syzygium
Genus
Syzygium :
[5]
Syzygium australe (J.C.Wendl. ex Link) B.Hyland, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex C.Krauss, indigenous
Syzygium cordatum Hochst. ex C.Krauss subsp. cordatum , indigenous
Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, not indigenous, cultivated, naturalised, invasive
Syzygium gerrardii (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Burtt Davy, indigenous
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. indigenous
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. barotsense F.White, indigenous
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. guineense , indigenous
Syzygium intermedium Engl. & Brehmer, indigenous
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Syzygium legatii Burtt Davy & Greenway, endemic
Syzygium pondoense Engl. endemic
Oliniaceae
Family:
Oliniaceae ,
[5]
Cremastostemon
Genus
Cremastostemon :
[5]
Olinia
Genus
Olinia :
[5]
Onagraceae
Family:
Onagraceae ,
[5]
Epilobium
Genus
Epilobium :
[5]
Gaura
Genus
Gaura :
[5]
Ludwigia
Genus
Ludwigia :
[5]
Ludwigia abyssinica A.Rich. indigenous
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara, indigenous
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven, indigenous
Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara, indigenous
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, indigenous
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. brevisepala (Brenan) P.H.Raven, accepted as
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, present
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) P.H.Raven, accepted as
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven, present
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott, not indigenous, naturalised
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & R.Peter ex Torr. & A.Gray, not indigenous, naturalised
Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H.Raven, accepted as
Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven, present
Oenothera
Genus
Oenothera :
[5]
Oenothera affinis Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera biennis L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera drummondii Hook. subsp. drummondii , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera erythrosepala (Borbas) Borbas, accepted as
Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, not indigenous, naturalised
Oenothera glazioviana Micheli, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera grandiflora Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera indecora Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised
Oenothera indecora Cambess. subsp. bonariensis W.Dietr. accepted as
Oenothera indecora Cambess. not indigenous, naturalised
Oenothera jamesii Torr. & A.Gray, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera laciniata Hill, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera lindheimeri (Engelm. & A.Gray) W.L.Wagner & Hoch, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera longiflora L. subsp. longiflora , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera parodiana Munz, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera parviflora L. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera rosea L'Her. ex Aiton, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera sinuosa W.L.Wagner & Hoch, not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera stricta Ledeb. ex Link subsp. stricta , not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera tetraptera Cav. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Oenothera villosa Thunb. not indigenous, naturalised, invasive
Penaeaceae
Family:
Penaeaceae ,
[5]
Brachysiphon
Genus
Brachysiphon :
[5]
Endonema
Genus
Endonema :
[5]
Glischrocolla
Genus
Glischrocolla :
[5]
Penaea
Genus
Penaea :
[5]
Penaea acutifolia A.Juss. endemic
Penaea cneorum Meerb. indigenous
Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. cneorum , endemic
Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. gigantea R.Dahlgren, endemic
Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. lanceolata R.Dahlgren, endemic
Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ovata (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex A.DC.) R.Dahlgren, endemic
Penaea cneorum Meerb. subsp. ruscifolia R.Dahlgren, endemic
Penaea dahlgrenii Rourke, endemic
Penaea mucronata L. endemic
Saltera
Genus
Saltera :
[5]
Sonderothamnus
Genus
Sonderothamnus :
[5]
Stylapterus
Genus
Stylapterus :
[5]
Rhynchocalycaceae
Family:
Rhynchocalycaceae ,
[5]
Rhynchocalyx
Genus
Rhynchocalyx :
[5]
References
National taxon checklists
Plants
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Harvestmen
Microwhip scorpions
Pseudoscorpions
Scorpions
Shorttailed whipscorpions
Solifugae
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Insects
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Fungi Related
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