Israel's Prime Minister
Levi Eshkol reorganized his cabinet to include his political rivals as part of a "
national unity government" in preparation for the expected war with the neighboring Arab nations. Most notably, Eshkol and Foreign Minister
Abba Eban brought in
Moshe Dayan as the Israeli Defense Minister.[1]
During a student protest in
West Berlin against the arrival of the
Shah of Iran, an unarmed demonstrator, 26-year-old
Benno Ohnesorg, was shot at close range and in the back of the head by
Karl-Heinz Kurras, a West Berlin police officer.[4] In 2009, German investigators would discover that Kurras had been an operative for
East Germany's secret police, the
Stasi.[5] Ohnesorg's killing, the indifference of the local press, and the lack of punishment of Kurras by the West German government, would result in the founding of the
urban guerrilla group 2 June Movement, with the murder providing "a focus around which the Left could organize and draw larger and larger numbers of young people".[6][7]
Luis Jose Monge, prisoner number 35563 at the
Colorado State Penitentiary,
was executed in the
gas chamber at the prison in
Canon City, Colorado.[8] On June 28, 1963, Monge had murdered his pregnant wife and three of his children at his home in Denver, then turned himself in to police.[9] Monge would be the last person legally executed in the United States for almost ten years, with the U.S. Supreme Court voiding existing death penalty laws in the 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia and no new executions being done until
Gary Gilmore's death by firing squad in 1977.[10]
American F-105 jets attacked the
North Vietnamese port of
Cam Pha and cannon fire struck a Soviet diesel ship, the Turkestan, as it sat in harbor. Nikolai Rybachuk, a Soviet merchant sailor, was killed and six others were injured.[11] The United States initially denied that it had struck the Turkestan and attempted to blame the death on North Vietnamese anti-aircraft fire, but conceded 16 days later that the Soviet ship had been strafed by cannon fire from F-105 jets that had participated that day in a third attack on Cam Pha.[12][13]
A
race riot began in the predominantly African-American
Roxbury section of
Boston,[14] the first of many riots during the hot summer of 1967. When the rioting in Boston ended after three days, 70 people had been injured, 100 arrested, and millions of dollars of property damage had taken place.[15] Violence in June would follow in Philadelphia (June 10), Tampa (June 11), and Cincinnati (June 13),[16]Dayton, Ohio and
Lansing, Michigan (June 15),[17]Atlanta (June 20) and
Buffalo (June 26).
The
Goodyear blimp, one of two that had been stationed at
Indianapolis for the 500 mile race earlier in the week, lost gas on its way back to
Akron, Ohio, and was tangled in high tension electrical power lines to the east of
Dunreith, Indiana.[18]
An Israeli Defense Forces patrol battled a four-man squad of the Syrian Army, "bringing the first deaths since the onset of the Middle East crisis". One soldier from Syria and two from Israel were killed.[19]
All 83 passengers and five crew on board
Air Ferry Limited Flight G-APYK, carrying British vacationers to a Mediterranean holiday, were killed when the plane crashed into the side of the
Canigou mountain peak in the
Pyrenees while circling the resort city of
Perpignan for a landing.[21]
Less than 12 hours after the deaths of 83 vacationing British airline passengers on an Air Ferry Limited flight,
British Midland Air Lines Flight G-ALHG crashed in Hopes Carr,
Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.[24] The British Midland plane, a four-engine Argonaut, was bringing holiday travelers back from
Majorca and was preparing to land at Manchester when it went down. Another 12 people survived.
The
Six-Day War began as
Israel launched
a surprise preemptive strike on
Egypt shortly after dawn. At 7:10, sixteen Magister Fouga jet trainers began a routine patrol. Four minutes later, the first of 183 Israeli Air Force fighter planes took off from all over Israel, and by 7:30, all but twelve of Israel's 212 fighters were airborne.[25] The armada of jets flew westward over the Mediterranean Sea for 18 minutes, and at 7:48, they turned south for an attack on Egypt. A radar operator in Jordan radioed Egypt with the word Inab ("grape" in Arabic), the code word for an imminent enemy attack, but Egyptian intelligence had changed the code the day before without notice. Attacks began simultaneously at ten Egyptian bases, then on 14 others, and 189 of the
Egyptian Air Force's airplanes, more than half of its fleet, were destroyed on the ground.[26] Most of the others were unable to take to the air because of the destruction of the airfields. Without air support, the Egyptian Army in the Sinai was quickly overwhelmed by Israeli bombing.[27] The allied armies of
Egypt,
Syria,
Iraq,
Jordan, and Iraq invaded Israel in retaliation. The
Battle of Ammunition Hill became the start of
Jordan's ill-fated campaign.
After the arrest of 11 leaders of the
Alianza Federal de Mercedes in
Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, armed members of the Mexican-American rights organization arrived at the county seat,
Tierra Amarilla, and attempted a
citizen's arrest of the county
district attorney.[28] Two police officers were wounded, and two others were taken hostage by the fleeing invaders. In response, members of the New Mexico State Police and the New Mexico National Guard raided a picnic of Alianza members and their families at
Canjilon, New Mexico, and kept the men, women and children on the grounds for 24 hours despite the lack of any indication that they were connected to the courthouse shooting. In 1970, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights would prosecute Sanchez and other members of law enforcement for illegal arrests and for repressing the right of free assembly.[29]
The
Moscow–Washington hotline between the
President of the United States and the
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was used in crisis for the first time since its inauguration on August 30, 1963. White House Press Secretary George Christian disclosed three days later that the first message sent over the teletype between the Kremlin and the White House had been a message from Soviet Premier
Alexei Kosygin to U.S. President
Lyndon Johnson, with Johnson responding later in the day. Christian told reporters later that exchanges between the two leaders had taken place throughout the war.[30] Kosygin's initial message, which reached the U.S. Department of Defense at 7:15 a.m in Washington (3:15 p.m. in Moscow)[31] was a request that the U.S. exert its influence on Israel to call a cease-fire.[32]
As late as 12:30 p.m., five hours after the war began, Israel sent a proposal to Jordan's King Hussein by way of the UN Truce Supervisor, General
Odd Bull, giving Jordan one final chance to avoid becoming involved in the war. Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban would tell the United Nations two weeks later, "Jordan tragically answered not with words but with a torrent of shells... Surely this responsibility cannot fail to have its consequences in a peace settlement."[33]
Murderer
Richard Speck was sentenced to death in the electric chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago, with a scheduled execution date of September 1, 1967.[34] The death penalty would be declared unconstitutional in 1972 before the sentence could be carried out, and Speck would spend the remainder of his life in prison.
Paul Schutzer, 37, American photographer for Life magazine, was killed in a battle in the Negev desert while traveling with the Israeli Army to cover the war. Another American newsman, NBC producer Ted Yates, was fatally wounded the same day while accompanying the Israeli invasion of East Jerusalem and died the next day. Ben Oyserman, an Israeli photographer on assignment for the Canadian Broadcasting Company, was killed the next day when he accidentally tripped a booby trap.[35]
Arthur Biram, 88, German-born Israeli educator who founded the first Jewish high school in
Ottoman Palestine in 1913; of natural causes during the first day of the Six-Day War
Egypt's President
Gamal Abdel Nasser narrowly missed being killed after ordering a plane to fly him over the battlefront in the Sinai. When Nasser's advisers were unable to persuade him not to risk his life, they arranged for him to make the inspection in an unmarked small plane in hopes that the "lumbering, flimsy craft, more for Sunday joy riding than battlefield inspection, would fly too slow and too low to be nailed by the near-supersonic Israeli jets".[36] Twenty minutes after it crossed the Suez Canal at
Ismailia, the plane found itself over a procession of Israeli tanks at an altitude of only 50 feet (15 m). An Israeli fighter pilot, unaware that the enemy's president was on the plane, dived at it twice in a strafing run but was unable to shoot it down. Nasser then had the pilot fly north to inspect Bir Hassana and, seeing the ruins of Egypt's armored division, ordered the pilot to return to Cairo.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 233 was unanimously adopted without debate, expressing concern "at the outbreak of fighting and with the menacing situation in the Near East", and calling upon the participants in the Six-Day War "to take forthwith as a first step all measures for an immediate cease-fire and for a cessation of all military activities in the area", but did not demand that either side withdraw from captured territory.[37] The next day, Resolution 234 was adopted, clarifying that the UN was asking all parties to discontinue fighting by 2000 hours UTC (midnight in Egypt, 11:00 p.m. in Israel, Jordan and Syria). Starting with Jordan, the Arab nations began accepting Resolution 233 and would halt fighting with Israel by the end of the week.
George E. Mueller,
NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, spoke to the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and described innovations in the
Apollo Applications Program (AAP) to reduce the cost of future space missions. Among these were (1) reuse of
command modules; (2) landing
spacecraft on the ground rather than at sea for further reuse; (3) Using the
S-IVB as both a propulsive stage and an orbital workshop (OWS); (4) use of the OWS for several missions; (5) longer flights of up to a year's duration; and reuse of existing
Apollo program materials and labor. Mueller said that the AAP's innovations "can lead to benefits of enormous significance to all mankind."[38]
The eleven oil-exporting Arab nations announced a halt of shipments to the United States and the United Kingdom, with Iraq and Kuwait halting oil exports, Lebanon banning the loading at its ports of oil from Saudi Arabian or Iraqi oil, and Algeria placing six American oil companies there under state control.[39]
Egypt announced the closure of the
Suez Canal to all ships in retaliation for American and British support to Israel during the Six-Day War.[40] It would not reopen until 1975.[41]
East Jerusalem was captured in a battle conducted by Israeli forces without the use of artillery, in order to avoid damage to the Holy City.[42][43]
"The
Israeli Defense Forces have liberated
Jerusalem," Defense Minister
Moshe Dayan announced to the nation. "We have reunited the torn city, the capital of Israel. We have returned to this most sacred shrine, never to part from it again."[47] For the first time since 1948, the
Wailing Wall in
Jerusalem was open to Jewish worshipers. Chief Rabbi Solomon Goren joined 150 Israeli paratroopers who had recaptured the eastern half of the city from Jordan. Five minutes after the Israeli Army broke open the brass-covered doors of the Damascus Gate at the walls outside the Dome of the Rock, the Jordanian governor of the city surrendered and promised that the 25,000 residents inside the walls would offer no resistance.[48] Over the next few weeks, "approximately 160 Arab houses facing the Wailing Wall were demolished... to make way for a large prayer area."[49]
At noon,
Israel and
Jordan agreed to a cease-fire called for by the United Nations Security Council. Israel's Foreign Minister
Abba Eban informed the Secretary-General of the agreement 45 minutes later.[50] A few hours before the cease-fire had gone into effect, Israeli jets attacked King Hussein's personal residence in an apparent attempt to assassinate him. Two days earlier, when the war started, Israel followed up its raid on the Amman airport with an attack on the Basman Palace and struck the former location of his office.[51]
Died:Dorothy Parker, 77, American satirist and literary critic; in her room at the residential Volney Hotel at 23
East 74th Street in New York City.[53]
Thirty-four U.S. Navy sailors aboard the spy ship
USS Liberty were killed, and 171 wounded, when the vessel was
strafed by Israeli jet fighters and then torpedoed by Israeli gunboats while in international waters in the
Mediterranean Sea about 15 miles from the
Sinai peninsula. The air attack by Mirage jets began at 1210 UTC (2:10 p.m. local time) and the ship was torpedoed 25 minutes later.[54] Eight American attack planes from the aircraft carriers USS America and USS Saratoga were en route to engage the Israelis in combat when the word came from Israel that the attack on the Liberty had been made by mistake.[55]
Two Soviet warships "darted in and out" of a group of American warships that were part of the Sixth Fleet task group on training maneuvers in the Mediterranean, south of the Greek island of
Crete. A Soviet patrol craft sailed between the U.S. Navy destroyers USS Sampson and USS Byrd to come within 800 yards of the USS America as it was launching jets, while Soviet destroyer No. 626 cut in the path of the America.[56] On the same day, the Soviet Union commenced an operation to intervene on behalf of Syria, with plans to drop paratroopers "between and advancing Israeli army and
Damascus"[57] but the plan became moot two days later with the loss of the
Golan Heights and Syria's acceptance of the UN cease-fire.
Chicago Police Superintendent O. W. Wilson issued an order, effective July 10, directing that all members of the
Chicago Police Department would wear hats with checkered bands. The distinctive look, still in effect half a century later, was implemented to end the practice by other groups that wore uniforms that closely resembled those of the city police as a means of extorting prostitutes and other offenders. A separate city ordinance made it illegal for any group to duplicate the checkered hat band.[58]
According to the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, the Israeli Defense Forces had massacred hundreds of Egyptian prisoners of war or wounded soldiers in the Sinai peninsula, earlier in the day. Survivors alleged later that about 400 wounded Egyptians were buried alive outside the captured
El Arish International Airport, and that 150 prisoners in the mountains of the Sinai were run over by Israeli tanks.[59]
The United Arab Republic (Egypt) agreed to the United Nations resolution calling for a cease-fire with Israel, shortly after Israeli forces defeated the remaining Egyptian soldiers fighting in the Sinai peninsula and blocked their escape routes back across the Suez Canal.[61][62]
Gamal Abdel Nasser announced that he was resigning as
President of Egypt, in an address broadcast on nationwide radio and television, and said that he was turning over the presidential duties to one of his vice presidents,
Zakaria Mohieddin.[63] After he finished his broadcast, tens of thousands of supporters marched to his residence and urged him to reconsider. Another statement followed on Cairo radio that evening, credited to Nasser, saying "The feelings shown by the masses of the people since my broadcast this evening on the development of the situation have profoundly touched me," and that he would discuss the matter with the National Assembly the next day. When the legislators told him that they would not accept it, Nasser withdrew his resignation.[64]
Ann Pellegreno and a crew of three people (co-pilot William Payne, navigator William Polhemus, and mechanic Leo Koepke) set out from
Oakland to fly around the world in an airplane, following the flight plan that
Amelia Earhart and
Fred Noonan had used on their ill-fated flight in 1937.[65] Earhart had piloted a
Lockheed Model 10-E Electra and Pellegreno used a similar plane, Koepke's Model 10-A Electra. The Earhart Commemorative Flight would be a success, returning to Oakland on July 7 after flying 28,000 miles in 28 days.[66]
Israel took control of the
Golan Heights from
Syria by 6:30 in the evening, after routing the Syrians who had been firing mortar shells from the high ground.[62]
The
Six-Day War ended five days after it started, as
Syria and
Israel agreed to a
United Nations-mediated cease-fire at 6:00 in the evening.[67][68] Having taken the Golan Heights, Israel seized the Syrian town of
Kuneitra and was in a position to take the capital,
Damascus, 40 miles (64 km) away. During the war, Israel's losses were 777 dead and 2,586 wounded; Egypt, Syria and Jordan had suffered 15,000 deaths and lost hundreds of tanks and airplanes, along with the Sinai peninsula, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank, respectively.[62]
The
U.S. Department of the Interior declared what Assistant Secretary Cordell Moore referred to as "a petroleum emergency". Moore, who issued the declaration, sent telegrams to 21 American oil companies advising him of the action and called on them to meet in Washington on June 13 to begin work on plans to avoid disruption. At the time, the United States imported less than five percent of its oil from Arab nations.[69]
Thousands of Israelis spent the Jewish Sabbath crossing into places in Jerusalem that had been closed to them for nearly 20 years until being captured from Jordan a few days earlier. They encountered no hostilities, finding that "Arabs in the old city were cautiously friendly with the swarms of Israeli tourists."[70]
The Soviet Union severed diplomatic relations with Israel with the delivery of a diplomatic note to the Israeli ambassador in
Moscow, declaring that it was acting "in light of Israel's continued aggression against the Arab states and its flagrant violation of the decisions of the Security Council".[71]
A
race riot started in
Tampa, Florida after a white patrolman shot and killed a fleeing black youth, 19-year old Martin Chambers. The police said that Chambers and two other people had robbed Tampa Photo Supply, a camera store. An angry mob then set fire to white-owned stores on Central Avenue between Cass Street and Scott Street, burning down an entire city block.[74] The unrest would be calmed down within three days by the recruiting of young African-Americans to a newly created "Youth Patrol".[75]
Earlier in the day, the Tampa Suncoast Cup Regatta was marred by tragedy when
Bill Brow was killed when his
hydroplane, the famous Miss Budweiser, flipped during the first race as he was approaching 110 miles per hour (180 km/h).[76]
On the final day of its 1966–67 term, the
United States Supreme Court issued its decision in Loving v. Virginia, declaring unanimously that Virginia Code §20-59, the criminal prohibition against
interracial marriage, was unconstitutional.[77] At that time,
Virginia was one of 16
U.S. states that still outlawed
miscegenation.[78] "Under our Constitution," Chief Justice
Earl Warren wrote, "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State."[79]
With the close of the term, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Tom C. Clark retired in order to avoid any conflict of interest with cases brought by the
United States Department of Justice, headed by his son, U.S. Attorney General
Ramsey Clark. According to one historian, "President Johnson actually appointed Ramsey to force his father from the Supreme Court",[80] clearing the way for the nomination of the first African-American U.S. Supreme Court justice.
The fifth James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, held its world premiere at the
Odeon Leicester Square in London, with Queen
Elizabeth II attending the premiere. The film opened the following day in the United Kingdom and United States, set an opening day record at the Odeon Leicester Square, and went to number one in the United States with a weekend gross of $600,000.[81]
Venera 4 was launched toward Venus by the
Soviet Union.[83] On October 18, it would become the first
space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data.[84]
The
Washington Senators defeated the
Chicago White Sox, 6 to 5, in 22 innings in what was, up to that time, "the longest night game in baseball history", lasting 6 hours and 38 minutes. The game in Washington had started at 7:00 the previous evening.[85]
RAF Marshal
Edward Ellington, 89, British Chief of the Air Staff who increased the number of bomber squadrons prior to World War II during his tenure between 1933 and 1937.
Gerald Patterson, 71, Australian tennis player and winner of Wimbledon (1919, 1922) and the Australian Open (1927).
Two days after the Soviet launch of Venera 4, the United States launched Mariner 5 toward
Venus at 2:01 in the morning from
Cape Kennedy.[91]Mariner 5 would reach Venus on October 19, one day after Venera 4 had landed there, and would pass within 4,094 kilometres (2,544 mi) of the planet during its closest approach at 1:34 p.m. Eastern time.[92]
Air Mauritius was founded as a joint venture of the Mauritian government, BOAC, Air France, and the sales agent Rogers and Company, though it would not fly its own aircraft until September 13, 1972.[93]
Died:Eddie Eagan, 70, American sportsman who was the only person to win gold medals at the Summer Olympics (in 1920 in boxing) and the Winter Olympics (in 1932 in the four-man bobsled).
Libya's Foreign Minister,
Ahmad Bishti summoned the ambassadors from the United States and from the United Kingdom to his office and told them that the Libyan candidate had voted to demand the closure of their bases there, in retaliation for American and British support of Israel during the Six-Day War. The main U.S. facility,
Wheelus Air Base, housed 10,000 servicemen of the 17th U.S. Air Force, and their families, and was located five miles from Tripoli. Britain's Royal Air Force maintained a staging post at
RAF El Adem.[94]
The
British Phosphate Commission signed an agreement with the government of the UN Trust Territory of
Nauru, allowing Nauru to buy back the
phosphate for 20 million
Australian dollars over a three-year period. After independence, Nauru would finish payment more than a year ahead of schedule, and control would be turned over to Nauru on July 1, 1970.[95]
A
Brazilian Air Force C-47 cargo plane, with 25 people on board, crashed in the Amazon jungle while carrying supplies to a besieged monitoring outpost.[99] There were seven survivors, including an Air Force physician, Dr. Paulo Fernandes. Despite a shattered right leg, Dr. Fernandes located the remaining men and kept all but two of them alive for 11 days until they were located by an aerial search and rescued.[100][101]
Six Flags Over Georgia, the second of the Six Flags amusement parks after
Six Flags Over Texas, opened outside of Atlanta near the town of
Austell, Georgia. Originally, the location was to be called "Georgia Flags Park" because "the fact is that Georgia has not necessarily been under the flags of six separate countries".[102]
Died:Reginald Denny, 75, English inventor and actor who produced the first mass-produced American target drone, the
Radioplane OQ-2, during World War II, and who was a stage, film and television actor, as well as a former amateur boxing champion of England.
The People's Republic of China successfully exploded its first
hydrogen bomb.[103] Only three other nations— the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom— had successfully tested a fusion bomb. China's achievement with a three megaton device came less than three years after they had first exploded an atomic bomb. As with the five fission bomb tests, the H-bomb was detonated at the
Lop Nor dry lake bed in the
Xinjiang Autonomous Region.[104] The Chinese government said that its tests and weapons were "entirely of the purpose of defense, with the ultimate aim of abolishing nuclear weapons."[105]
Israeli Major General
Chaim Herzog, the new administrator of territories captured from Jordan, began the process of making Palestinian Arabs leave their residences in the
Jewish Quarter of the Old City of
Jerusalem, either with eviction proceedings for renters, or payment to Palestinian residents who owned their dwellings. All of the persons made to leave were "asked to sign a document relinquishing their right of return".[106] About 600 buildings in the quarter were expropriated by the Israeli government, and either torn down or renovated for use by Jewish residents.[49]
Thakin Than Tun, the leader of the
Communist Party of Burma, carried out his version of China's
Cultural Revolution and completed the denunciation and purging of his foes within the party with the execution of party theoretician
H. N. Goshal as "
Burma's
Liu Shaoqi" and Yebaw Htay as "Burma's
Deng Xiaoping". Than Tun himself would be killed a year later by a Burmese government agent who had infiltrated the party.[110]
American rock guitarist
Jimi Hendrix made his American debut, appearing on the final day of the Monterey Pop Festival, after finding success in the United Kingdom.[111]
The Who played their first concert in the United States, appearing at the Monterey Pop Festival.[112]
Former Israeli Prime Minister
David Ben-Gurion suggested that an autonomous Palestinian Arab state be formed by Israel within the recently captured
West Bank. Under Ben-Gurion's vision, "the state could be linked in an economic treaty with Israel, have guaranteed access to the Mediterranean Sea, and be protected by Israeli troops". He suggested also that Israel should offer to conclude a treaty that would allow Jordan an outlet on the Mediterranean but added that the recently acquired city of Jerusalem should not be given back to Jordan. "We will never discuss this with any party," he wrote. "Jerusalem has been the capital of Israel since the days of
King David, and so it shall remain forever and ever."[113]
Soviet Union Premier
Alexei Kosygin, who was in New York City on his first visit to the United States, turned down an invitation by U.S. President
Lyndon Johnson for a meeting at the
White House to discuss world issues. Through diplomatic channels, Kosygin passed the word that his visit was solely to attend the special session of the UN General Assembly and not for a summit with the President. On the same day, Kosygin addressed the General Assembly and accused the U.S. of promoting an "incitement campaign against the Arab states and their leaders."[114] Kosygin reconsidered the invitation days later and agreed to meet Johnson in Glassboro, New Jersey.
In a secret meeting, Israel's cabinet of ministers approved its Resolution 563, approving the eventual return of the captured Sinai Peninsula to Egypt if diplomatic relations could be established and if Egypt recognized Israel's right to exist as a Jewish nation.[115] The same condition of a return to pre-war borders would be offered to Syria, but not to the West Bank or to the Gaza Strip.[116]
Egypt's Prime Minister
Zakaria Mohieddin resigned along with his government at the request of President Nasser, who then formed a ministry on his own.[117]
Born:
Bjørn Dæhlie, Norway cross-country skier, World champion (1991, 1993, 1995, 1997), Olympic gold medalist (1992, 1994, 1998); in
Elverum
Muhammad Ali, recently stripped of his title as world heavyweight boxing champion, was found guilty of draft evasion by a federal jury in
Houston after 20 minutes of deliberation.[118] After the verdict, Ali asked for the sentence to be pronounced immediately, and U.S. District Judge Joe Ingraham sentenced him to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine, the maximum penalty for the felony conviction. The next day, Ali's lawyers filed an appeal. Ali remained free on a $5,000 bond pending the outcome of the review of the case. Though barred from boxing professionally, Ali would spend the next three years on the lecture circuit at colleges, and would be an actor on film and even in a Broadway musical (Big Time Buck White) before the United States Supreme Court would reverse the conviction on June 28, 1970.[119]
The U.S. House of Representatives voted, 385–16, to approve a bill to make the burning of the
American flag a federal crime— then discovered that they had passed a bill that had left out the word "burning".[120] Congressman Cornelius E. Gallagher of New Jersey commented, "I suggest perhaps we have a bill-burning." The members left it to the U.S. Senate to correct the wording.[121]
The
American Independent Party, a new political party that was organized to prepare for former Alabama Governor
George C. Wallace to run as a third-party candidate for President of the United States, announced its plans to get on the ballot of all 50 states in time for the 1968 U.S. presidential election.[122]
Seventeen British soldiers, a British civil servant, and two Arab policemen were killed in a mutiny by Yemeni Arab police in
Aden.[123][124] The police were reportedly upset over the recent suspension of four Arab colonels in the police force, and order was restored after the colonels were reinstated.[125]
Soviet Union head of state
Nikolai V. Podgorny arrived for a state visit to
Cairo and arranged for the replacement of Egyptian Air Force planes that had been destroyed during the Six Day War. By July 15, the new aircraft would be delivered, thousands of Soviet military advisers arrived in Egypt, and Soviet ships arrived at Egyptian ports at the request of President Nasser. "For a leader who had once struggled to rid Egypt of any foreign military presence," a historian would write later, "the Soviet presence was a humiliating symbol of Egypt's plight."[126] Over three weeks, the Egyptian arsenal was replenished with 93
MiG-17 jet fighters, 71
MiG-21 supersonic fighter-interceptors, 38
Sukhoi aircraft and 100 tanks.[127]
Ruhi al-Khatib, the Arab mayor of the formerly
JordanianEast Jerusalem, raised the flag of
Israel over the town hall, in a ceremony attended by
Teddy Kollek, the Mayor of Israeli Jerusalem. Mayor Kahtib, who had been a civil servant in British Palestine, shook hands with Mayor Kollek and said, "All of us love Jerusalem. We will do our best for Jerusalem", while Mayor Kollek said "Now we are again citizens of united Jerusalem. We shall both have to adjust ourselves."[128] Only eight days later, the Israeli government dissolved the Palestinian municipal government of East Jerusalem and fired Khatib.[129]
Although the name "
Summer of Love" would later be used to describe an entire social movement during the spring and summer of 1967, the event that originally employed the name began before dawn in front of the
Twin Peaks near the center of
San Francisco, where the celebration by thousands of American
hippies of the summer solstice took place as planned by an underground newspaper, the San Francisco Oracle.[130][131]
A 23-year-old newcomer to the
Australian Army became the second known person to be killed by an
octopus; the other victim had been a member of the
Royal Australian Navy, in 1954.[133] James Albert War had joined the army a day earlier, and was exploring a rock pool near Camp Cove at
South Head in
Sydney. He and two younger recruits found a
blue-ringed octopus and were taking it back to their barracks. Private Ward made the mistake of placing the small creature on his arm, unaware of its highly poisonous venom, and was bitten. According to his companions, Ward had been unaware of the bite until he began feeling dizzy and was unable to breathe, and he died less than 90 minutes later at the Prince Henry Hospital.[134]
U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson met with Soviet Premier
Alexei Kosygin in
Glassboro, New Jersey, for the 3-day
Glassboro Summit Conference.[136] The town of only 10,000 people was chosen because it was approximately midway between New York City and Washington and "mutually convenient" to the leaders' schedules.[137] The meeting was held at 11:00 in the morning on the campus of
Glassboro State College at the home of the college's president, Thomas Robinson. Kosygin informed Johnson that there would be no discussions about halting the arms race between the two superpowers until the Vietnam War ended.[138]
The United States Senate voted, 92 to 5, to censure U.S. Senator
Thomas J. Dodd of
Connecticut for using more than $116,000 of campaign contributions, for his personal benefit.[139] There was no interruption in his ongoing term.[140] By a 51 to 45 vote, however, the Senate removed a second charge against Dodd accusing him of "double billing", charging the same travel expenses to the Senate and private organizations. Dodd was found to have used more than $116,000 in campaign contributions for his own use. The action against Dodd, a white Senator, contrasted with the punishment meted against black U.S. Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. in January, blocking Powell from taking his seat because of his conversion of House funds for personal use. Connecticut's Democratic Party would decline to renominate him for re-election in 1970, and he would lose as an independent candidate to
Lowell Weicker.[141]
Johnson flew to
Los Angeles after the summit in Glassboro, and encountered a large protest rally outside the
Century Plaza Hotel, where he was addressing a $500-a-person fundraising dinner. At least 10,000 antiwar demonstrators were gathered outside the hotel when members of the
Los Angeles Police Department gave two warnings to disperse. The protesters chose to ignore the warnings and the police were forced to deal with the unruly mob.[142] One historian would later note that "Los Angeles became the first city in the country to break up an antiwar march with violence."[143]
At a track and field meet in
Bakersfield, California, two world athletic records were broken on the same day. Paul Wilson cleared the pole vault at 17 feet, 8 inches, breaking the record of 17'7" set by Bob Seagren.
Jim Ryun ran one mile in 3 minutes, 51.1 seconds, breaking his previous world record of 3:51.3.[144]
All 34 people aboard
Mohawk Airlines Flight 40 were killed when the tail section of the
BAC-111 fanjet broke off in midflight and the plane crashed into a hillside near
Blossburg, Pennsylvania. The accident happened shortly after the flight's takeoff from
Elmira, New York en route to Washington, D.C.[145]
Tornadoes, rarely seen in Europe, killed at least 22 people and injured 200 as they swept across
France,
Belgium and the
Netherlands. Six villages in the Nord Department of France, near
Douai, were struck, killing seven and injuring 40, while six were killed and 17 hurt in the Dutch provinces of
North Brabant and
Gelderland, with the villages of
Chaam,
Tricht and
Buurmalsen particularly hard hit. In Belgium, the village of
Oostmalle was heavily damaged. Heavy rainstorms in northern England led to
the deaths of six cave explorers near
Conistone, who drowned after a rain-swollen stream flooded their cavern.[146]
Pope Paul VI formally issued the papal encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus, reaffirming the historic rule of
clerical celibacy for the
Roman Catholic Church clergy and the ban against marriage. Although the Second Vatican Council had declined to address the matter, the Pope issued the decision. Swiss Catholic priest and theologian
Hans Küng would comment that the rule was made "without consulting the bishops in any way... with crass disregard of the collegiality which had been ceremonially decided on at the Council."[147] "Priestly celibacy has been guarded by the church for centuries as a brilliant jewel," the Pope wrote in an encyclical, "and retains its value undiminished even in our time when mentality and structures have undergone such profound changes."[148]
President
Joseph Mobutu of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo decreed a nationwide monetary reform in response to inflation, replacing the
Congolese franc with a new currency, the
zaire. Each zaire was worth 1,000 old francs, which had dropped in value by 70%.[149] After more than 25 years more of inflation, the
nouveau zaire would be introduced in 1993, worth Ƶ 3,000,000 (or three billion Congolese francs). Five years later, the Congolese franc would be brought back at the rate of NƵ 100,000 (300 billion old zaires or 300 trillion old francs).
The British nuclear submarine
HMS Dreadnought torpedoed the wreckage of the West German tanker Essberger Chemist in order to remove a shipping hazard near the Azores Islands.[150] Despite being struck by three bombs, the tanker failed to sink immediately and had to be finished off by gunfire from the Royal Navy frigate
HMS Salisbury. The ship had exploded on June 2, but all 39 crew had been rescued, unharmed, by the Norwegian freighter Tomar and the Greek tugboat Nisos Zakinthos.[151]
An estimated 400 million viewers around the world watched Our World, the first live, international, satellite television production. The two-hour program was seen in 26 nations on five continents.[153] In the UK, the show began at 8:00 p.m. UTC on BBC-1,[154] and in the United States, it was seen starting at 3:00 p.m. Eastern time, 12 noon Pacific, on the
National Educational Television (NET) stations.[155] The
Australian Broadcasting Corporation carried the live program in the early morning hours of Monday the 26th, where it began at 5:00 in the morning in
Sydney.[156] The telecast opened with the birth of a baby in Mexico City[157] and the debut of
The Beatles' song "
All You Need Is Love" from London.[158]
President Johnson and Prime Minister Kosygin had a second meeting in Glassboro, New Jersey, the day after the Soviet Premier had made a visit to
Niagara Falls.[159]
Two officers of the Syrian Army, Major Salim Hatoum and Major Badr Jumaa, were executed for treason the day after they were said to have confessed that they had plotted to overthrow the Syrian government on behalf of the American, British and West German intelligence agencies. Major Hatoum, who had fled to Jordan after an unsuccessful coup attempt in September, had returned to fight in the Six-Day War after a general amnesty for political offenders had been announced.[160]
The
White House staff announced in Washington that negotiators for the
United States and
Panama had reached agreement on a treaty regarding the
Panama Canal. Although terms of the treaty were not released, informed sources said that the purpose was for the U.S. to replace the 1903 treaty, share responsibility for the operation and management of the canal with Panama, and give Panama sovereignty over the
Panama Canal Zone, at the time a U.S. territory.[161]
A
race riot began in
Buffalo, New York and would continue until July 1, during which 200 people would be arrested.
Born:Luisito Espinosa, Philippine boxer, WBA bantamweight champion (1989–1991) and WBC featherweight champion (1995–1999); in
Manila
Died:Françoise Dorléac, 25, French film actress; in a car accident when she lost control of a rented automobile while driving at high speed to catch a flight from the
Nice Côte d'Azur Airport. Her car burst into flames after colliding with a highway sign near
Villeneuve-Loubet.
The first automated teller machine (ATM) or automatic cash machine began service, at a branch of
Barclays Bank in
Enfield Town in North
London. The system used printed "Barclaycash" vouchers that were "issued, free of charge, to pre-approved customers who were also entrusted with a personal code number".[162] The procedure was for a customer to put the voucher in the automatic drawer; when a green light came on, the customer then entered the personal code, the machine checked the account balance, and another drawer would open, containing a £10 note for each voucher. Inventor
John Shepherd-Barron of the
De La Rue banknote printing company perfected the machine and British television star
Reg Varney appeared in the advertising campaign. Shepherd-Brown had originally planned to have the machine respond to a six-digit
PIN but "discovered that his wife could not remember more than four digits, thus the worldwide standard for PINs is four digits."[163]
Fu Ti-kuang, the
chargé d'affaires for the
People's Republic of China embassy in
East Germany was killed, along with two other Chinese diplomats and the car's driver, in a head-on collision with a truck north of
Neustrelitz, causing a rift between the two Communist nations. After Foreign Minister
Otto Winzer visited the embassy and said that the Chinese driver had been at fault for driving into oncoming traffic while trying to pass a truck on rainy day, the staff put up posters in German that said "Down with the German revisionists who murdered our comrades!" and a diplomat shouted at passersby "German Nazis, murderers, modern revisionists, German blood must flow to wash away the blood of our murdered comrades!" The crowd was shouting back insults when police dispersed them with a water cannon.[164]
Carl Wilson, the lead guitarist of
The Beach Boys, was acquitted by a federal court judge in
Los Angeles of charges of draft evasion.[165] Wilson testified that he was a conscientious objector, the defense that had been rejected earlier in the month for
Muhammad Ali.
Pope Paul VI formally ordained 24 new cardinals at a ceremony in the
Sistine Chapel in
Vatican City, conferring upon each of them a red
biretta emblematic of the Roman Catholic church cardinalate. For the first time in church history, the cardinals were required to recite an oath. The newly ordained cardinals included Archbishop
Karol Wojtyla, who would, in 1978, become Pope
John Paul II, and would later be made a Roman Catholic saint.[166]
Israel extended its jurisdiction over East
Jerusalem and its suburbs, which had been captured earlier in the month from
Jordan, the day after the Knesset had approved the right of Israel's municipal government to extend its authority to the old city. Under the legislation, the municipal government that had been led by a Palestinian mayor and city council was dissolved. Jordan had annexed the eastern section of the city on April 24, 1950; Israel would not formally annex the eastern section until June 30, 1980, when the Knesset passed the Jerusalem Law.[167] Another bill provided that safeguards would be set so that people of all religions (Judaism, Islam and Christianity) would have access to the shrines in the Holy City, and a final law provided a penalty of seven years imprisonment for anyone desecrating a shrine.[168]
Donald K. Slayton and
Christopher C. Kraft, Jr. of
Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) recommended launching an uncrewed vehicle first in the first Apollo Applications Program double mission. If the uncrewed vehicle failed to function in orbit, or even to achieve orbit, the
CSM would not be launched as planned.[38]
At the same time, the
Bank of Israel announced that the
Israeli pound would be the only legal currency in the unified Jerusalem and set an exchange rate of 71⁄2 Jordanian dinars for the pound for three days.[170]
The "
Green Line" that had marked the boundary between Israeli Jerusalem and Jordanian Jerusalem, was dismantled by order of Defense Minister
Moshe Dayan. Over a period of days, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of barbed wire, along with "several concrete ramparts, fifty-five fortified guard stations, and hundreds of mines in the buffer zone" were removed and, "True to his military objective and his public promise to extend 'the hand of peace' to Israel's Arab neighbors, Dayan ushered in a period of relative peace and cooperation in Jerusalem that lasted until the start of the first intifada in 1987."[171]
The U.S. Department of the Post Office announced a new service where, for one dollar, one could locate the last recorded change of address of a person who had moved away, under the
Freedom of Information Act.[172]
The
Chamber of Deputies of
Luxembourg abolished compulsory military service and created a small "battalion-size" army of volunteers who served 3-year enlistments.[173]
Jayne Mansfield, 34, American film and stage actress, was killed along with her friend, Sam Brody, and Ronnie Harrison, the driver of the car in which she was riding. At about 1:00 in the morning, Mansfield's car came around a narrow curve on U.S. Highway 90 and crashed underneath a commercial truck that had slowed down behind another vehicle. Mansfield was 23 miles (37 km) from
New Orleans, where she had been scheduled to appear on a noon television program. Although she was not
decapitated, as would first be reported, the top of her head was sheared off by the impact. Three of her children, who were sitting in the back of the car, were hospitalized with minor injuries.[174]
Primo Carnera, 60, Italian boxer and former world heavyweight champion; of cirrhosis of the liver
Moise Tshombe, the former president of Congolese
secessionist Katanga province and later prime minister of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, was kidnapped to
Algeria,[175] where he would be held under house arrest for the rest of his life. Tshombe, who had lived in exile in
Spain since 1965, had been convicted by a court in
Leopoldvillein absentia for treason, and had been given a death sentence on March 12. Persuaded to invest in the purchase of land in Spain, Tshombe boarded a
Hawker Siddeley air taxi for a 10-minute flight from
Ibiza to
Palma de Majorca, along with his two Spanish bodyguards, four other passengers, and the two British pilots. As the plane flew over the
Mediterranean Sea between the two islands, one of the passengers, French criminal Francis Bodenan, hijacked the aircraft at gunpoint and directed the pilots to an air base at
Boufarik.[176][177]
NASA, the American space agency, announced the selection of U.S. Air Force Major
Robert H. Lawrence Jr. as the first African-American astronaut.[179] Less than six months later, however, Lawrence would be killed while training a pilot to fly an
F-104 Starfighter jet.
^"RUSS: SHIP BOMBED BY U.S.— File Protest of Incident in Viet Port". Chicago Tribune. 3 June 1967. p. 1.
^"U.S. Regrets Sent Russ in Ship Incident". 21 June 1967. p. 2.
^Sieg, Kent; Patterson, David S., eds. (2002). Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964-1968. Vol. V: Vietnam, 1967.
Government Printing Office. pp. 459–461.
^"Violence Grips Boston Again; Key Cities Fear Race Riots". Philadelphia Inquirer. 5 June 1967. p. 1.
^"Jubilant Jews Pray at Old Wailing Wall— Worship at Sacred Place in Arab Sector of Jerusalem for 1st Time in 19 Years". Chicago Tribune. June 8, 1967. p. 1.
^
abCohen, Esther R. (1985). Human Rights in the Israeli-occupied Territories, 1967-1982.
Manchester University Press. pp. 145–146.
^"ISRAEL, JORDAN O.K. TRUCE". Chicago Tribune. June 8, 1967. p. 1.
^"Cite Efforts to Kill Hussein". Chicago Tribune. June 13, 1967. p. 1A-1.
^Malanowski, Jamie (August 1987). "The Spy Map of the Dead & Famous: Where the Grim Reaper Has Walked in New York". Spy: 41.
^Ennes, James M. Jr. (1979). Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an American Intelligence Ship.
Random House. p. 275.
^"Israelis Rip U.S. Ship; 10 Men Killed". Chicago Tribune. June 9, 1967. p. 1.
^"U.S. Warns Russian Warships". Chicago Tribune. June 9, 1967. p. 9.
^Wells, Anthony (2017). A Tale Of Two Navies: Geopolitics, Technology, and Strategy in the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, 1960-2015.
Naval Institute Press.
^"News Briefs". Chicago Tribune. June 9, 1967. p. 3.
^Kassim, Anis F., ed. (2000). The Palestine Yearbook of International Law, 1998-1999.
Martinus Nijhoff. p. 181.
^Nohlen, Dieter; et al. (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A data handbook. Vol. II. Oxford University Press. p. 420.
^"EGYPT ACCEPTS U.N. CEASE-FIRE". Pittsburgh Press. June 8, 1967. p. 1.
^
abcWeiss, Mosheh (2004). A Brief History of the Jewish People. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 230.
^"Nasser Maneuvers, Resigns, Then Hints He Will Remain". Cincinnati Enquirer. June 10, 1967. p. 1.
^"Cairo Assembly Rejects Nasser Resignation Bid". Chicago Tribune. June 10, 1967. p. 1.
^"Aviatrix, 30, Takes off on Earhart Trip". Chicago Tribune. June 10, 1967. p. 13.
^Stinson, Patrick M. (2011). Around-the-World Flights: A History.
McFarland. p. 17.
^"War Is Ended by Syria-Israel Truce; Israel Won't Go Back to Old Borders". Detroit Free Press. June 11, 1967. p. 1.
^van Dijk, Ruud; et al. (2013). "Six Day War, 1967". Encyclopedia of the Cold War. Routledge. p. 795.
^"U.S. Declares Oil Emergency in War Crisis". Chicago Tribune. June 11, 1967. p. 4.
^"Israelis Make Pilgrimages to Holy City". Chicago Tribune. June 11, 1967. p. 5.
^Mozorov, Boris, ed. (2013). Documents on Soviet Jewish Emigration. Routledge. p. 66.
^Lentz, Harris M. (1994). "Somali Democratic Republic". Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992.
Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 689.
^Botham, Fay (2009). Almighty God Created the Races: Christianity, Interracial Marriage, and American Law.
University of North Carolina Press. p. 2.
^Starks, Glenn L.; Brooks, F. Erik (2012). Thurgood Marshall: A Biography.
ABC-CLIO. p. 65.
^"You Only Live Twice". The Numbers. Nash Information Service.
Archived from the original on 5 February 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2008.
^Claassen, Emil Maria (1992). Financial Liberalization and Its Impact on Domestic Stabilization Policies: Singapore and Malaysia.
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 4.
^"CHINESE REDS FIRE H-BOMB". Chicago Tribune. June 18, 1967. p. 1.
^Dobbs, Charles (2010). Triangles, Symbols, and Constraints: The United States, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China, 1963-1969.
University Press of America. p. 166.
^Pappe, Ilan (2004). A History of Modern Palestine: One Land, Two Peoples. Cambridge University Press. p. 196.
^Schinder, Scott; Schwartz, Andy (2006). Icons of Rock: An Encyclopedia of the Legends Who Changed Music Forever. ABC-CLIO. p. 296.
^Atkins, John (2000). The Who on Record: A Critical History, 1963-1998. McFarland. p. 85.
^"Buffer Arab State Backed by Ben-Gurion", Chicago Tribune, June 20, 1967, p7
^"KOSYGIN WON'T SEE LBJ! Russian Hits U.S., Israel on Mid-East", Chicago Tribune, June 20, 1967, p1
^Asaf Siniver, The Yom Kippur War: Politics, Diplomacy, Legacy (Oxford University Press, 2013)
^"Jordanian-Israeli Peace Negotiations after the Six Day War, 1967-69: The View from Jerusalem", in Jordan in the Middle East: The Making of a Pivotal State, 1948-1988, Joseph Nevo, et al., eds. (Frank Cass & Co., 1994) p232
^"Egypt", in Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992, by Harris M. Lentz (Fitzroy Dearborn, 1994) p250
^"Ali Guilty Of Charge", Palm Beach (FL) Post, June 21, 1967, p15
^"Ali, Muhammad", by J. Blaine Hudson, in The Encyclopedia of Louisville, John E. Kleber, ed. (University Press of Kentucky, 2015) p23
^"Forgot Key Word— House Burned Up Over Flag Goof", Pittsburgh Press, June 21, 1967, p1
^"'Flag-Burning' Bill Doesn't Include Burning", Indianapolis Star, June 21, 1967, p6
^"Move On To Pave Way For Wallace", Honolulu Advertiser, June 21, 1967, p7
^"LBJ MEETS KOSYGIN TODAY— Set Up Talk in N.J. Town of Glassboro", Chicago Tribune, June 23, 1967, p1
^Scott Ritter, Dangerous Ground: America's Failed Arms Control Policy, from FDR to Obama (PublicAffairs, 2010) pp158-159
^"Thomas Dodd: censured senator", in The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal, by George C. Kohn (Infobase Publishing, 2001) p110
^"Senate Votes for Censure of Dodd, 92-5", Chicago Tribune, June 24, 1967, p1
^Gregg Mangan, On This Day in Connecticut History (Arcadia Publishing, 2015) p139
^"10,000 IN MELEE— War Protest Mars LBJ Visit— Police Clash With Crowd Outside Hotel", Los Angeles Times, June 24, 1967, p1
^"The War at Home: California's Struggle to Stop the Vietnam War", by R. Jeffrey Lustig, in What's Going On?: California and the Vietnam Era, Marcia A. Eymann, ed. (University of California Press, 2004) pp67-68
^"World Marks Tumble in Mile, Vault", Chicago Tribune, June 24, 1967, p1
^"34 Die in Air Liner Crash", Chicago Tribune, June 24, 1967, p1
^"Twisters Rip Europe, Kill 22, Hurt 100". Chicago Tribune. June 26, 1967. p. 3.
^"Pope Bars Marriage for Priests— Asserts Rule of Celibacy Will Remain". Chicago Tribune. June 23, 1967. p. 1.
^Edwards, Sebastian; Santaella, Julio A. (2007). "Devaluation Controversies in the Developing Countries". A Retrospective on the Bretton Woods System: Lessons for International Monetary Reform.
University of Chicago Press. p. 454.
^Roberts, John (2009). Safeguarding the Nation: The Story of the Modern Royal Navy.
Seaforth Publishing. p. 83.
^"West German Ship Explodes; Crew Rescued". Chicago Tribune. June 4, 1967. pp. 4–21.
^"Redondo's Norris Wins Karate Title". Los Angeles Times. June 25, 1967. p. D-9.
^Evans, Jeff (2017). Rock & Pop on British TV.
Omnibus Press.
^"LBJ HAILS SUMMIT GAINS— Kosygin Firm on Viet, Middle East". Chicago Tribune. June 26, 1967. p. 1.
^"Syria Charges Plot; Shoots 2", Chicago Tribune, June 26, 1967, p1
^"U.S., Panama Agree on New Canal Pacts", Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1967, p1
^Michael Palm, Technologies of Consumer Labor: A History of Self-Service (Routledge, 2016)
^Gilly Pickup, What the British Invented: From the Great to the Downright Bonkers (Amberley Publishing Ltd., 2015)
^"Fatal Crash Causes China, E. German Rift", Chicago Tribune, July 1, 1967, p4
^"Rock 'n' Roller Freed in Draft Evasion Case", Chicago Tribune, June 28, 1967, p8
^"Pope Confers Hat of Cardinal on Cody in Vatican Ceremony". Chicago Tribune. June 29, 1967. p. 1.
^Kumaraswamy, P. R. (2009). "East Jerusalem". The A to Z of the Arab-Israeli Conflict.
Scarecrow Press. p. 73.
^"Israel Acts to Unite Old, New Jerusalem". Chicago Tribune. June 28, 1967. p. 8.
^Lentz, Harris M. (1994). "Libya". Heads of States and Governments: A Worldwide Encyclopedia of Over 2,300 Leaders, 1945 through 1992. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 520.
^"U.S. Assails Israeli Annexation— Jordanian Sector Merged Into Single City". Chicago Tribune. June 28, 1967. p. 1.
^Calame, Jon; Charlesworth, Esther (2011). Divided Cities: Belfast, Beirut, Jerusalem, Mostar, and Nicosia.
University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 237.
^"Lost Person Service Due at Postoffice". Chicago Tribune. June 30, 1967. p. 1.
^Paxton, John, ed. (1971). "Luxembourg". The Statesman's Year-Book 1970-71: The Businessman's Encyclopaedia of all nations. Springer. p. 1139.
^"JAYNE MANSFIELD KILLED! Actress, Two Men Die in Auto Crash". Chicago Tribune. June 30, 1967. p. 1.
^"Congo Ex-Premier Reported Kidnaped". Pittsburgh Press. July 2, 1967. p. 1.
^Baum, Philip (2016). Violence in the Skies: A History of Aircraft Hijacking and Bombing.
Summersdale Publishers, Ltd.
^"Details of Tshombe Kidnaping Revealed". Warren Times-Mirror and Observer.
Warren, Pennsylvania. AP. p. 13.
^"HONG KONG AIR LINE CRASH— 30 of 85 Are Pulled from Kowloon Bay". Chicago Tribune. June 30, 1967. p. 1.
^"First Negro Spaceman Eyed Stars as a Chicago Youth". Chicago Tribune. July 1, 1967. p. 1.
Israel's Prime Minister
Levi Eshkol reorganized his cabinet to include his political rivals as part of a "
national unity government" in preparation for the expected war with the neighboring Arab nations. Most notably, Eshkol and Foreign Minister
Abba Eban brought in
Moshe Dayan as the Israeli Defense Minister.[1]
During a student protest in
West Berlin against the arrival of the
Shah of Iran, an unarmed demonstrator, 26-year-old
Benno Ohnesorg, was shot at close range and in the back of the head by
Karl-Heinz Kurras, a West Berlin police officer.[4] In 2009, German investigators would discover that Kurras had been an operative for
East Germany's secret police, the
Stasi.[5] Ohnesorg's killing, the indifference of the local press, and the lack of punishment of Kurras by the West German government, would result in the founding of the
urban guerrilla group 2 June Movement, with the murder providing "a focus around which the Left could organize and draw larger and larger numbers of young people".[6][7]
Luis Jose Monge, prisoner number 35563 at the
Colorado State Penitentiary,
was executed in the
gas chamber at the prison in
Canon City, Colorado.[8] On June 28, 1963, Monge had murdered his pregnant wife and three of his children at his home in Denver, then turned himself in to police.[9] Monge would be the last person legally executed in the United States for almost ten years, with the U.S. Supreme Court voiding existing death penalty laws in the 1972 case of Furman v. Georgia and no new executions being done until
Gary Gilmore's death by firing squad in 1977.[10]
American F-105 jets attacked the
North Vietnamese port of
Cam Pha and cannon fire struck a Soviet diesel ship, the Turkestan, as it sat in harbor. Nikolai Rybachuk, a Soviet merchant sailor, was killed and six others were injured.[11] The United States initially denied that it had struck the Turkestan and attempted to blame the death on North Vietnamese anti-aircraft fire, but conceded 16 days later that the Soviet ship had been strafed by cannon fire from F-105 jets that had participated that day in a third attack on Cam Pha.[12][13]
A
race riot began in the predominantly African-American
Roxbury section of
Boston,[14] the first of many riots during the hot summer of 1967. When the rioting in Boston ended after three days, 70 people had been injured, 100 arrested, and millions of dollars of property damage had taken place.[15] Violence in June would follow in Philadelphia (June 10), Tampa (June 11), and Cincinnati (June 13),[16]Dayton, Ohio and
Lansing, Michigan (June 15),[17]Atlanta (June 20) and
Buffalo (June 26).
The
Goodyear blimp, one of two that had been stationed at
Indianapolis for the 500 mile race earlier in the week, lost gas on its way back to
Akron, Ohio, and was tangled in high tension electrical power lines to the east of
Dunreith, Indiana.[18]
An Israeli Defense Forces patrol battled a four-man squad of the Syrian Army, "bringing the first deaths since the onset of the Middle East crisis". One soldier from Syria and two from Israel were killed.[19]
All 83 passengers and five crew on board
Air Ferry Limited Flight G-APYK, carrying British vacationers to a Mediterranean holiday, were killed when the plane crashed into the side of the
Canigou mountain peak in the
Pyrenees while circling the resort city of
Perpignan for a landing.[21]
Less than 12 hours after the deaths of 83 vacationing British airline passengers on an Air Ferry Limited flight,
British Midland Air Lines Flight G-ALHG crashed in Hopes Carr,
Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew.[24] The British Midland plane, a four-engine Argonaut, was bringing holiday travelers back from
Majorca and was preparing to land at Manchester when it went down. Another 12 people survived.
The
Six-Day War began as
Israel launched
a surprise preemptive strike on
Egypt shortly after dawn. At 7:10, sixteen Magister Fouga jet trainers began a routine patrol. Four minutes later, the first of 183 Israeli Air Force fighter planes took off from all over Israel, and by 7:30, all but twelve of Israel's 212 fighters were airborne.[25] The armada of jets flew westward over the Mediterranean Sea for 18 minutes, and at 7:48, they turned south for an attack on Egypt. A radar operator in Jordan radioed Egypt with the word Inab ("grape" in Arabic), the code word for an imminent enemy attack, but Egyptian intelligence had changed the code the day before without notice. Attacks began simultaneously at ten Egyptian bases, then on 14 others, and 189 of the
Egyptian Air Force's airplanes, more than half of its fleet, were destroyed on the ground.[26] Most of the others were unable to take to the air because of the destruction of the airfields. Without air support, the Egyptian Army in the Sinai was quickly overwhelmed by Israeli bombing.[27] The allied armies of
Egypt,
Syria,
Iraq,
Jordan, and Iraq invaded Israel in retaliation. The
Battle of Ammunition Hill became the start of
Jordan's ill-fated campaign.
After the arrest of 11 leaders of the
Alianza Federal de Mercedes in
Rio Arriba County, New Mexico, armed members of the Mexican-American rights organization arrived at the county seat,
Tierra Amarilla, and attempted a
citizen's arrest of the county
district attorney.[28] Two police officers were wounded, and two others were taken hostage by the fleeing invaders. In response, members of the New Mexico State Police and the New Mexico National Guard raided a picnic of Alianza members and their families at
Canjilon, New Mexico, and kept the men, women and children on the grounds for 24 hours despite the lack of any indication that they were connected to the courthouse shooting. In 1970, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights would prosecute Sanchez and other members of law enforcement for illegal arrests and for repressing the right of free assembly.[29]
The
Moscow–Washington hotline between the
President of the United States and the
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was used in crisis for the first time since its inauguration on August 30, 1963. White House Press Secretary George Christian disclosed three days later that the first message sent over the teletype between the Kremlin and the White House had been a message from Soviet Premier
Alexei Kosygin to U.S. President
Lyndon Johnson, with Johnson responding later in the day. Christian told reporters later that exchanges between the two leaders had taken place throughout the war.[30] Kosygin's initial message, which reached the U.S. Department of Defense at 7:15 a.m in Washington (3:15 p.m. in Moscow)[31] was a request that the U.S. exert its influence on Israel to call a cease-fire.[32]
As late as 12:30 p.m., five hours after the war began, Israel sent a proposal to Jordan's King Hussein by way of the UN Truce Supervisor, General
Odd Bull, giving Jordan one final chance to avoid becoming involved in the war. Israeli Foreign Minister Abba Eban would tell the United Nations two weeks later, "Jordan tragically answered not with words but with a torrent of shells... Surely this responsibility cannot fail to have its consequences in a peace settlement."[33]
Murderer
Richard Speck was sentenced to death in the electric chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago, with a scheduled execution date of September 1, 1967.[34] The death penalty would be declared unconstitutional in 1972 before the sentence could be carried out, and Speck would spend the remainder of his life in prison.
Paul Schutzer, 37, American photographer for Life magazine, was killed in a battle in the Negev desert while traveling with the Israeli Army to cover the war. Another American newsman, NBC producer Ted Yates, was fatally wounded the same day while accompanying the Israeli invasion of East Jerusalem and died the next day. Ben Oyserman, an Israeli photographer on assignment for the Canadian Broadcasting Company, was killed the next day when he accidentally tripped a booby trap.[35]
Arthur Biram, 88, German-born Israeli educator who founded the first Jewish high school in
Ottoman Palestine in 1913; of natural causes during the first day of the Six-Day War
Egypt's President
Gamal Abdel Nasser narrowly missed being killed after ordering a plane to fly him over the battlefront in the Sinai. When Nasser's advisers were unable to persuade him not to risk his life, they arranged for him to make the inspection in an unmarked small plane in hopes that the "lumbering, flimsy craft, more for Sunday joy riding than battlefield inspection, would fly too slow and too low to be nailed by the near-supersonic Israeli jets".[36] Twenty minutes after it crossed the Suez Canal at
Ismailia, the plane found itself over a procession of Israeli tanks at an altitude of only 50 feet (15 m). An Israeli fighter pilot, unaware that the enemy's president was on the plane, dived at it twice in a strafing run but was unable to shoot it down. Nasser then had the pilot fly north to inspect Bir Hassana and, seeing the ruins of Egypt's armored division, ordered the pilot to return to Cairo.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 233 was unanimously adopted without debate, expressing concern "at the outbreak of fighting and with the menacing situation in the Near East", and calling upon the participants in the Six-Day War "to take forthwith as a first step all measures for an immediate cease-fire and for a cessation of all military activities in the area", but did not demand that either side withdraw from captured territory.[37] The next day, Resolution 234 was adopted, clarifying that the UN was asking all parties to discontinue fighting by 2000 hours UTC (midnight in Egypt, 11:00 p.m. in Israel, Jordan and Syria). Starting with Jordan, the Arab nations began accepting Resolution 233 and would halt fighting with Israel by the end of the week.
George E. Mueller,
NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, spoke to the
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics and described innovations in the
Apollo Applications Program (AAP) to reduce the cost of future space missions. Among these were (1) reuse of
command modules; (2) landing
spacecraft on the ground rather than at sea for further reuse; (3) Using the
S-IVB as both a propulsive stage and an orbital workshop (OWS); (4) use of the OWS for several missions; (5) longer flights of up to a year's duration; and reuse of existing
Apollo program materials and labor. Mueller said that the AAP's innovations "can lead to benefits of enormous significance to all mankind."[38]
The eleven oil-exporting Arab nations announced a halt of shipments to the United States and the United Kingdom, with Iraq and Kuwait halting oil exports, Lebanon banning the loading at its ports of oil from Saudi Arabian or Iraqi oil, and Algeria placing six American oil companies there under state control.[39]
Egypt announced the closure of the
Suez Canal to all ships in retaliation for American and British support to Israel during the Six-Day War.[40] It would not reopen until 1975.[41]
East Jerusalem was captured in a battle conducted by Israeli forces without the use of artillery, in order to avoid damage to the Holy City.[42][43]
"The
Israeli Defense Forces have liberated
Jerusalem," Defense Minister
Moshe Dayan announced to the nation. "We have reunited the torn city, the capital of Israel. We have returned to this most sacred shrine, never to part from it again."[47] For the first time since 1948, the
Wailing Wall in
Jerusalem was open to Jewish worshipers. Chief Rabbi Solomon Goren joined 150 Israeli paratroopers who had recaptured the eastern half of the city from Jordan. Five minutes after the Israeli Army broke open the brass-covered doors of the Damascus Gate at the walls outside the Dome of the Rock, the Jordanian governor of the city surrendered and promised that the 25,000 residents inside the walls would offer no resistance.[48] Over the next few weeks, "approximately 160 Arab houses facing the Wailing Wall were demolished... to make way for a large prayer area."[49]
At noon,
Israel and
Jordan agreed to a cease-fire called for by the United Nations Security Council. Israel's Foreign Minister
Abba Eban informed the Secretary-General of the agreement 45 minutes later.[50] A few hours before the cease-fire had gone into effect, Israeli jets attacked King Hussein's personal residence in an apparent attempt to assassinate him. Two days earlier, when the war started, Israel followed up its raid on the Amman airport with an attack on the Basman Palace and struck the former location of his office.[51]
Died:Dorothy Parker, 77, American satirist and literary critic; in her room at the residential Volney Hotel at 23
East 74th Street in New York City.[53]
Thirty-four U.S. Navy sailors aboard the spy ship
USS Liberty were killed, and 171 wounded, when the vessel was
strafed by Israeli jet fighters and then torpedoed by Israeli gunboats while in international waters in the
Mediterranean Sea about 15 miles from the
Sinai peninsula. The air attack by Mirage jets began at 1210 UTC (2:10 p.m. local time) and the ship was torpedoed 25 minutes later.[54] Eight American attack planes from the aircraft carriers USS America and USS Saratoga were en route to engage the Israelis in combat when the word came from Israel that the attack on the Liberty had been made by mistake.[55]
Two Soviet warships "darted in and out" of a group of American warships that were part of the Sixth Fleet task group on training maneuvers in the Mediterranean, south of the Greek island of
Crete. A Soviet patrol craft sailed between the U.S. Navy destroyers USS Sampson and USS Byrd to come within 800 yards of the USS America as it was launching jets, while Soviet destroyer No. 626 cut in the path of the America.[56] On the same day, the Soviet Union commenced an operation to intervene on behalf of Syria, with plans to drop paratroopers "between and advancing Israeli army and
Damascus"[57] but the plan became moot two days later with the loss of the
Golan Heights and Syria's acceptance of the UN cease-fire.
Chicago Police Superintendent O. W. Wilson issued an order, effective July 10, directing that all members of the
Chicago Police Department would wear hats with checkered bands. The distinctive look, still in effect half a century later, was implemented to end the practice by other groups that wore uniforms that closely resembled those of the city police as a means of extorting prostitutes and other offenders. A separate city ordinance made it illegal for any group to duplicate the checkered hat band.[58]
According to the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, the Israeli Defense Forces had massacred hundreds of Egyptian prisoners of war or wounded soldiers in the Sinai peninsula, earlier in the day. Survivors alleged later that about 400 wounded Egyptians were buried alive outside the captured
El Arish International Airport, and that 150 prisoners in the mountains of the Sinai were run over by Israeli tanks.[59]
The United Arab Republic (Egypt) agreed to the United Nations resolution calling for a cease-fire with Israel, shortly after Israeli forces defeated the remaining Egyptian soldiers fighting in the Sinai peninsula and blocked their escape routes back across the Suez Canal.[61][62]
Gamal Abdel Nasser announced that he was resigning as
President of Egypt, in an address broadcast on nationwide radio and television, and said that he was turning over the presidential duties to one of his vice presidents,
Zakaria Mohieddin.[63] After he finished his broadcast, tens of thousands of supporters marched to his residence and urged him to reconsider. Another statement followed on Cairo radio that evening, credited to Nasser, saying "The feelings shown by the masses of the people since my broadcast this evening on the development of the situation have profoundly touched me," and that he would discuss the matter with the National Assembly the next day. When the legislators told him that they would not accept it, Nasser withdrew his resignation.[64]
Ann Pellegreno and a crew of three people (co-pilot William Payne, navigator William Polhemus, and mechanic Leo Koepke) set out from
Oakland to fly around the world in an airplane, following the flight plan that
Amelia Earhart and
Fred Noonan had used on their ill-fated flight in 1937.[65] Earhart had piloted a
Lockheed Model 10-E Electra and Pellegreno used a similar plane, Koepke's Model 10-A Electra. The Earhart Commemorative Flight would be a success, returning to Oakland on July 7 after flying 28,000 miles in 28 days.[66]
Israel took control of the
Golan Heights from
Syria by 6:30 in the evening, after routing the Syrians who had been firing mortar shells from the high ground.[62]
The
Six-Day War ended five days after it started, as
Syria and
Israel agreed to a
United Nations-mediated cease-fire at 6:00 in the evening.[67][68] Having taken the Golan Heights, Israel seized the Syrian town of
Kuneitra and was in a position to take the capital,
Damascus, 40 miles (64 km) away. During the war, Israel's losses were 777 dead and 2,586 wounded; Egypt, Syria and Jordan had suffered 15,000 deaths and lost hundreds of tanks and airplanes, along with the Sinai peninsula, the Golan Heights, and the West Bank, respectively.[62]
The
U.S. Department of the Interior declared what Assistant Secretary Cordell Moore referred to as "a petroleum emergency". Moore, who issued the declaration, sent telegrams to 21 American oil companies advising him of the action and called on them to meet in Washington on June 13 to begin work on plans to avoid disruption. At the time, the United States imported less than five percent of its oil from Arab nations.[69]
Thousands of Israelis spent the Jewish Sabbath crossing into places in Jerusalem that had been closed to them for nearly 20 years until being captured from Jordan a few days earlier. They encountered no hostilities, finding that "Arabs in the old city were cautiously friendly with the swarms of Israeli tourists."[70]
The Soviet Union severed diplomatic relations with Israel with the delivery of a diplomatic note to the Israeli ambassador in
Moscow, declaring that it was acting "in light of Israel's continued aggression against the Arab states and its flagrant violation of the decisions of the Security Council".[71]
A
race riot started in
Tampa, Florida after a white patrolman shot and killed a fleeing black youth, 19-year old Martin Chambers. The police said that Chambers and two other people had robbed Tampa Photo Supply, a camera store. An angry mob then set fire to white-owned stores on Central Avenue between Cass Street and Scott Street, burning down an entire city block.[74] The unrest would be calmed down within three days by the recruiting of young African-Americans to a newly created "Youth Patrol".[75]
Earlier in the day, the Tampa Suncoast Cup Regatta was marred by tragedy when
Bill Brow was killed when his
hydroplane, the famous Miss Budweiser, flipped during the first race as he was approaching 110 miles per hour (180 km/h).[76]
On the final day of its 1966–67 term, the
United States Supreme Court issued its decision in Loving v. Virginia, declaring unanimously that Virginia Code §20-59, the criminal prohibition against
interracial marriage, was unconstitutional.[77] At that time,
Virginia was one of 16
U.S. states that still outlawed
miscegenation.[78] "Under our Constitution," Chief Justice
Earl Warren wrote, "the freedom to marry, or not marry, a person of another race resides with the individual and cannot be infringed by the State."[79]
With the close of the term, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
Tom C. Clark retired in order to avoid any conflict of interest with cases brought by the
United States Department of Justice, headed by his son, U.S. Attorney General
Ramsey Clark. According to one historian, "President Johnson actually appointed Ramsey to force his father from the Supreme Court",[80] clearing the way for the nomination of the first African-American U.S. Supreme Court justice.
The fifth James Bond film, You Only Live Twice, held its world premiere at the
Odeon Leicester Square in London, with Queen
Elizabeth II attending the premiere. The film opened the following day in the United Kingdom and United States, set an opening day record at the Odeon Leicester Square, and went to number one in the United States with a weekend gross of $600,000.[81]
Venera 4 was launched toward Venus by the
Soviet Union.[83] On October 18, it would become the first
space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data.[84]
The
Washington Senators defeated the
Chicago White Sox, 6 to 5, in 22 innings in what was, up to that time, "the longest night game in baseball history", lasting 6 hours and 38 minutes. The game in Washington had started at 7:00 the previous evening.[85]
RAF Marshal
Edward Ellington, 89, British Chief of the Air Staff who increased the number of bomber squadrons prior to World War II during his tenure between 1933 and 1937.
Gerald Patterson, 71, Australian tennis player and winner of Wimbledon (1919, 1922) and the Australian Open (1927).
Two days after the Soviet launch of Venera 4, the United States launched Mariner 5 toward
Venus at 2:01 in the morning from
Cape Kennedy.[91]Mariner 5 would reach Venus on October 19, one day after Venera 4 had landed there, and would pass within 4,094 kilometres (2,544 mi) of the planet during its closest approach at 1:34 p.m. Eastern time.[92]
Air Mauritius was founded as a joint venture of the Mauritian government, BOAC, Air France, and the sales agent Rogers and Company, though it would not fly its own aircraft until September 13, 1972.[93]
Died:Eddie Eagan, 70, American sportsman who was the only person to win gold medals at the Summer Olympics (in 1920 in boxing) and the Winter Olympics (in 1932 in the four-man bobsled).
Libya's Foreign Minister,
Ahmad Bishti summoned the ambassadors from the United States and from the United Kingdom to his office and told them that the Libyan candidate had voted to demand the closure of their bases there, in retaliation for American and British support of Israel during the Six-Day War. The main U.S. facility,
Wheelus Air Base, housed 10,000 servicemen of the 17th U.S. Air Force, and their families, and was located five miles from Tripoli. Britain's Royal Air Force maintained a staging post at
RAF El Adem.[94]
The
British Phosphate Commission signed an agreement with the government of the UN Trust Territory of
Nauru, allowing Nauru to buy back the
phosphate for 20 million
Australian dollars over a three-year period. After independence, Nauru would finish payment more than a year ahead of schedule, and control would be turned over to Nauru on July 1, 1970.[95]
A
Brazilian Air Force C-47 cargo plane, with 25 people on board, crashed in the Amazon jungle while carrying supplies to a besieged monitoring outpost.[99] There were seven survivors, including an Air Force physician, Dr. Paulo Fernandes. Despite a shattered right leg, Dr. Fernandes located the remaining men and kept all but two of them alive for 11 days until they were located by an aerial search and rescued.[100][101]
Six Flags Over Georgia, the second of the Six Flags amusement parks after
Six Flags Over Texas, opened outside of Atlanta near the town of
Austell, Georgia. Originally, the location was to be called "Georgia Flags Park" because "the fact is that Georgia has not necessarily been under the flags of six separate countries".[102]
Died:Reginald Denny, 75, English inventor and actor who produced the first mass-produced American target drone, the
Radioplane OQ-2, during World War II, and who was a stage, film and television actor, as well as a former amateur boxing champion of England.
The People's Republic of China successfully exploded its first
hydrogen bomb.[103] Only three other nations— the United States, the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom— had successfully tested a fusion bomb. China's achievement with a three megaton device came less than three years after they had first exploded an atomic bomb. As with the five fission bomb tests, the H-bomb was detonated at the
Lop Nor dry lake bed in the
Xinjiang Autonomous Region.[104] The Chinese government said that its tests and weapons were "entirely of the purpose of defense, with the ultimate aim of abolishing nuclear weapons."[105]
Israeli Major General
Chaim Herzog, the new administrator of territories captured from Jordan, began the process of making Palestinian Arabs leave their residences in the
Jewish Quarter of the Old City of
Jerusalem, either with eviction proceedings for renters, or payment to Palestinian residents who owned their dwellings. All of the persons made to leave were "asked to sign a document relinquishing their right of return".[106] About 600 buildings in the quarter were expropriated by the Israeli government, and either torn down or renovated for use by Jewish residents.[49]
Thakin Than Tun, the leader of the
Communist Party of Burma, carried out his version of China's
Cultural Revolution and completed the denunciation and purging of his foes within the party with the execution of party theoretician
H. N. Goshal as "
Burma's
Liu Shaoqi" and Yebaw Htay as "Burma's
Deng Xiaoping". Than Tun himself would be killed a year later by a Burmese government agent who had infiltrated the party.[110]
American rock guitarist
Jimi Hendrix made his American debut, appearing on the final day of the Monterey Pop Festival, after finding success in the United Kingdom.[111]
The Who played their first concert in the United States, appearing at the Monterey Pop Festival.[112]
Former Israeli Prime Minister
David Ben-Gurion suggested that an autonomous Palestinian Arab state be formed by Israel within the recently captured
West Bank. Under Ben-Gurion's vision, "the state could be linked in an economic treaty with Israel, have guaranteed access to the Mediterranean Sea, and be protected by Israeli troops". He suggested also that Israel should offer to conclude a treaty that would allow Jordan an outlet on the Mediterranean but added that the recently acquired city of Jerusalem should not be given back to Jordan. "We will never discuss this with any party," he wrote. "Jerusalem has been the capital of Israel since the days of
King David, and so it shall remain forever and ever."[113]
Soviet Union Premier
Alexei Kosygin, who was in New York City on his first visit to the United States, turned down an invitation by U.S. President
Lyndon Johnson for a meeting at the
White House to discuss world issues. Through diplomatic channels, Kosygin passed the word that his visit was solely to attend the special session of the UN General Assembly and not for a summit with the President. On the same day, Kosygin addressed the General Assembly and accused the U.S. of promoting an "incitement campaign against the Arab states and their leaders."[114] Kosygin reconsidered the invitation days later and agreed to meet Johnson in Glassboro, New Jersey.
In a secret meeting, Israel's cabinet of ministers approved its Resolution 563, approving the eventual return of the captured Sinai Peninsula to Egypt if diplomatic relations could be established and if Egypt recognized Israel's right to exist as a Jewish nation.[115] The same condition of a return to pre-war borders would be offered to Syria, but not to the West Bank or to the Gaza Strip.[116]
Egypt's Prime Minister
Zakaria Mohieddin resigned along with his government at the request of President Nasser, who then formed a ministry on his own.[117]
Born:
Bjørn Dæhlie, Norway cross-country skier, World champion (1991, 1993, 1995, 1997), Olympic gold medalist (1992, 1994, 1998); in
Elverum
Muhammad Ali, recently stripped of his title as world heavyweight boxing champion, was found guilty of draft evasion by a federal jury in
Houston after 20 minutes of deliberation.[118] After the verdict, Ali asked for the sentence to be pronounced immediately, and U.S. District Judge Joe Ingraham sentenced him to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine, the maximum penalty for the felony conviction. The next day, Ali's lawyers filed an appeal. Ali remained free on a $5,000 bond pending the outcome of the review of the case. Though barred from boxing professionally, Ali would spend the next three years on the lecture circuit at colleges, and would be an actor on film and even in a Broadway musical (Big Time Buck White) before the United States Supreme Court would reverse the conviction on June 28, 1970.[119]
The U.S. House of Representatives voted, 385–16, to approve a bill to make the burning of the
American flag a federal crime— then discovered that they had passed a bill that had left out the word "burning".[120] Congressman Cornelius E. Gallagher of New Jersey commented, "I suggest perhaps we have a bill-burning." The members left it to the U.S. Senate to correct the wording.[121]
The
American Independent Party, a new political party that was organized to prepare for former Alabama Governor
George C. Wallace to run as a third-party candidate for President of the United States, announced its plans to get on the ballot of all 50 states in time for the 1968 U.S. presidential election.[122]
Seventeen British soldiers, a British civil servant, and two Arab policemen were killed in a mutiny by Yemeni Arab police in
Aden.[123][124] The police were reportedly upset over the recent suspension of four Arab colonels in the police force, and order was restored after the colonels were reinstated.[125]
Soviet Union head of state
Nikolai V. Podgorny arrived for a state visit to
Cairo and arranged for the replacement of Egyptian Air Force planes that had been destroyed during the Six Day War. By July 15, the new aircraft would be delivered, thousands of Soviet military advisers arrived in Egypt, and Soviet ships arrived at Egyptian ports at the request of President Nasser. "For a leader who had once struggled to rid Egypt of any foreign military presence," a historian would write later, "the Soviet presence was a humiliating symbol of Egypt's plight."[126] Over three weeks, the Egyptian arsenal was replenished with 93
MiG-17 jet fighters, 71
MiG-21 supersonic fighter-interceptors, 38
Sukhoi aircraft and 100 tanks.[127]
Ruhi al-Khatib, the Arab mayor of the formerly
JordanianEast Jerusalem, raised the flag of
Israel over the town hall, in a ceremony attended by
Teddy Kollek, the Mayor of Israeli Jerusalem. Mayor Kahtib, who had been a civil servant in British Palestine, shook hands with Mayor Kollek and said, "All of us love Jerusalem. We will do our best for Jerusalem", while Mayor Kollek said "Now we are again citizens of united Jerusalem. We shall both have to adjust ourselves."[128] Only eight days later, the Israeli government dissolved the Palestinian municipal government of East Jerusalem and fired Khatib.[129]
Although the name "
Summer of Love" would later be used to describe an entire social movement during the spring and summer of 1967, the event that originally employed the name began before dawn in front of the
Twin Peaks near the center of
San Francisco, where the celebration by thousands of American
hippies of the summer solstice took place as planned by an underground newspaper, the San Francisco Oracle.[130][131]
A 23-year-old newcomer to the
Australian Army became the second known person to be killed by an
octopus; the other victim had been a member of the
Royal Australian Navy, in 1954.[133] James Albert War had joined the army a day earlier, and was exploring a rock pool near Camp Cove at
South Head in
Sydney. He and two younger recruits found a
blue-ringed octopus and were taking it back to their barracks. Private Ward made the mistake of placing the small creature on his arm, unaware of its highly poisonous venom, and was bitten. According to his companions, Ward had been unaware of the bite until he began feeling dizzy and was unable to breathe, and he died less than 90 minutes later at the Prince Henry Hospital.[134]
U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson met with Soviet Premier
Alexei Kosygin in
Glassboro, New Jersey, for the 3-day
Glassboro Summit Conference.[136] The town of only 10,000 people was chosen because it was approximately midway between New York City and Washington and "mutually convenient" to the leaders' schedules.[137] The meeting was held at 11:00 in the morning on the campus of
Glassboro State College at the home of the college's president, Thomas Robinson. Kosygin informed Johnson that there would be no discussions about halting the arms race between the two superpowers until the Vietnam War ended.[138]
The United States Senate voted, 92 to 5, to censure U.S. Senator
Thomas J. Dodd of
Connecticut for using more than $116,000 of campaign contributions, for his personal benefit.[139] There was no interruption in his ongoing term.[140] By a 51 to 45 vote, however, the Senate removed a second charge against Dodd accusing him of "double billing", charging the same travel expenses to the Senate and private organizations. Dodd was found to have used more than $116,000 in campaign contributions for his own use. The action against Dodd, a white Senator, contrasted with the punishment meted against black U.S. Representative Adam Clayton Powell Jr. in January, blocking Powell from taking his seat because of his conversion of House funds for personal use. Connecticut's Democratic Party would decline to renominate him for re-election in 1970, and he would lose as an independent candidate to
Lowell Weicker.[141]
Johnson flew to
Los Angeles after the summit in Glassboro, and encountered a large protest rally outside the
Century Plaza Hotel, where he was addressing a $500-a-person fundraising dinner. At least 10,000 antiwar demonstrators were gathered outside the hotel when members of the
Los Angeles Police Department gave two warnings to disperse. The protesters chose to ignore the warnings and the police were forced to deal with the unruly mob.[142] One historian would later note that "Los Angeles became the first city in the country to break up an antiwar march with violence."[143]
At a track and field meet in
Bakersfield, California, two world athletic records were broken on the same day. Paul Wilson cleared the pole vault at 17 feet, 8 inches, breaking the record of 17'7" set by Bob Seagren.
Jim Ryun ran one mile in 3 minutes, 51.1 seconds, breaking his previous world record of 3:51.3.[144]
All 34 people aboard
Mohawk Airlines Flight 40 were killed when the tail section of the
BAC-111 fanjet broke off in midflight and the plane crashed into a hillside near
Blossburg, Pennsylvania. The accident happened shortly after the flight's takeoff from
Elmira, New York en route to Washington, D.C.[145]
Tornadoes, rarely seen in Europe, killed at least 22 people and injured 200 as they swept across
France,
Belgium and the
Netherlands. Six villages in the Nord Department of France, near
Douai, were struck, killing seven and injuring 40, while six were killed and 17 hurt in the Dutch provinces of
North Brabant and
Gelderland, with the villages of
Chaam,
Tricht and
Buurmalsen particularly hard hit. In Belgium, the village of
Oostmalle was heavily damaged. Heavy rainstorms in northern England led to
the deaths of six cave explorers near
Conistone, who drowned after a rain-swollen stream flooded their cavern.[146]
Pope Paul VI formally issued the papal encyclical Sacerdotalis caelibatus, reaffirming the historic rule of
clerical celibacy for the
Roman Catholic Church clergy and the ban against marriage. Although the Second Vatican Council had declined to address the matter, the Pope issued the decision. Swiss Catholic priest and theologian
Hans Küng would comment that the rule was made "without consulting the bishops in any way... with crass disregard of the collegiality which had been ceremonially decided on at the Council."[147] "Priestly celibacy has been guarded by the church for centuries as a brilliant jewel," the Pope wrote in an encyclical, "and retains its value undiminished even in our time when mentality and structures have undergone such profound changes."[148]
President
Joseph Mobutu of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo decreed a nationwide monetary reform in response to inflation, replacing the
Congolese franc with a new currency, the
zaire. Each zaire was worth 1,000 old francs, which had dropped in value by 70%.[149] After more than 25 years more of inflation, the
nouveau zaire would be introduced in 1993, worth Ƶ 3,000,000 (or three billion Congolese francs). Five years later, the Congolese franc would be brought back at the rate of NƵ 100,000 (300 billion old zaires or 300 trillion old francs).
The British nuclear submarine
HMS Dreadnought torpedoed the wreckage of the West German tanker Essberger Chemist in order to remove a shipping hazard near the Azores Islands.[150] Despite being struck by three bombs, the tanker failed to sink immediately and had to be finished off by gunfire from the Royal Navy frigate
HMS Salisbury. The ship had exploded on June 2, but all 39 crew had been rescued, unharmed, by the Norwegian freighter Tomar and the Greek tugboat Nisos Zakinthos.[151]
An estimated 400 million viewers around the world watched Our World, the first live, international, satellite television production. The two-hour program was seen in 26 nations on five continents.[153] In the UK, the show began at 8:00 p.m. UTC on BBC-1,[154] and in the United States, it was seen starting at 3:00 p.m. Eastern time, 12 noon Pacific, on the
National Educational Television (NET) stations.[155] The
Australian Broadcasting Corporation carried the live program in the early morning hours of Monday the 26th, where it began at 5:00 in the morning in
Sydney.[156] The telecast opened with the birth of a baby in Mexico City[157] and the debut of
The Beatles' song "
All You Need Is Love" from London.[158]
President Johnson and Prime Minister Kosygin had a second meeting in Glassboro, New Jersey, the day after the Soviet Premier had made a visit to
Niagara Falls.[159]
Two officers of the Syrian Army, Major Salim Hatoum and Major Badr Jumaa, were executed for treason the day after they were said to have confessed that they had plotted to overthrow the Syrian government on behalf of the American, British and West German intelligence agencies. Major Hatoum, who had fled to Jordan after an unsuccessful coup attempt in September, had returned to fight in the Six-Day War after a general amnesty for political offenders had been announced.[160]
The
White House staff announced in Washington that negotiators for the
United States and
Panama had reached agreement on a treaty regarding the
Panama Canal. Although terms of the treaty were not released, informed sources said that the purpose was for the U.S. to replace the 1903 treaty, share responsibility for the operation and management of the canal with Panama, and give Panama sovereignty over the
Panama Canal Zone, at the time a U.S. territory.[161]
A
race riot began in
Buffalo, New York and would continue until July 1, during which 200 people would be arrested.
Born:Luisito Espinosa, Philippine boxer, WBA bantamweight champion (1989–1991) and WBC featherweight champion (1995–1999); in
Manila
Died:Françoise Dorléac, 25, French film actress; in a car accident when she lost control of a rented automobile while driving at high speed to catch a flight from the
Nice Côte d'Azur Airport. Her car burst into flames after colliding with a highway sign near
Villeneuve-Loubet.
The first automated teller machine (ATM) or automatic cash machine began service, at a branch of
Barclays Bank in
Enfield Town in North
London. The system used printed "Barclaycash" vouchers that were "issued, free of charge, to pre-approved customers who were also entrusted with a personal code number".[162] The procedure was for a customer to put the voucher in the automatic drawer; when a green light came on, the customer then entered the personal code, the machine checked the account balance, and another drawer would open, containing a £10 note for each voucher. Inventor
John Shepherd-Barron of the
De La Rue banknote printing company perfected the machine and British television star
Reg Varney appeared in the advertising campaign. Shepherd-Brown had originally planned to have the machine respond to a six-digit
PIN but "discovered that his wife could not remember more than four digits, thus the worldwide standard for PINs is four digits."[163]
Fu Ti-kuang, the
chargé d'affaires for the
People's Republic of China embassy in
East Germany was killed, along with two other Chinese diplomats and the car's driver, in a head-on collision with a truck north of
Neustrelitz, causing a rift between the two Communist nations. After Foreign Minister
Otto Winzer visited the embassy and said that the Chinese driver had been at fault for driving into oncoming traffic while trying to pass a truck on rainy day, the staff put up posters in German that said "Down with the German revisionists who murdered our comrades!" and a diplomat shouted at passersby "German Nazis, murderers, modern revisionists, German blood must flow to wash away the blood of our murdered comrades!" The crowd was shouting back insults when police dispersed them with a water cannon.[164]
Carl Wilson, the lead guitarist of
The Beach Boys, was acquitted by a federal court judge in
Los Angeles of charges of draft evasion.[165] Wilson testified that he was a conscientious objector, the defense that had been rejected earlier in the month for
Muhammad Ali.
Pope Paul VI formally ordained 24 new cardinals at a ceremony in the
Sistine Chapel in
Vatican City, conferring upon each of them a red
biretta emblematic of the Roman Catholic church cardinalate. For the first time in church history, the cardinals were required to recite an oath. The newly ordained cardinals included Archbishop
Karol Wojtyla, who would, in 1978, become Pope
John Paul II, and would later be made a Roman Catholic saint.[166]
Israel extended its jurisdiction over East
Jerusalem and its suburbs, which had been captured earlier in the month from
Jordan, the day after the Knesset had approved the right of Israel's municipal government to extend its authority to the old city. Under the legislation, the municipal government that had been led by a Palestinian mayor and city council was dissolved. Jordan had annexed the eastern section of the city on April 24, 1950; Israel would not formally annex the eastern section until June 30, 1980, when the Knesset passed the Jerusalem Law.[167] Another bill provided that safeguards would be set so that people of all religions (Judaism, Islam and Christianity) would have access to the shrines in the Holy City, and a final law provided a penalty of seven years imprisonment for anyone desecrating a shrine.[168]
Donald K. Slayton and
Christopher C. Kraft, Jr. of
Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) recommended launching an uncrewed vehicle first in the first Apollo Applications Program double mission. If the uncrewed vehicle failed to function in orbit, or even to achieve orbit, the
CSM would not be launched as planned.[38]
At the same time, the
Bank of Israel announced that the
Israeli pound would be the only legal currency in the unified Jerusalem and set an exchange rate of 71⁄2 Jordanian dinars for the pound for three days.[170]
The "
Green Line" that had marked the boundary between Israeli Jerusalem and Jordanian Jerusalem, was dismantled by order of Defense Minister
Moshe Dayan. Over a period of days, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) of barbed wire, along with "several concrete ramparts, fifty-five fortified guard stations, and hundreds of mines in the buffer zone" were removed and, "True to his military objective and his public promise to extend 'the hand of peace' to Israel's Arab neighbors, Dayan ushered in a period of relative peace and cooperation in Jerusalem that lasted until the start of the first intifada in 1987."[171]
The U.S. Department of the Post Office announced a new service where, for one dollar, one could locate the last recorded change of address of a person who had moved away, under the
Freedom of Information Act.[172]
The
Chamber of Deputies of
Luxembourg abolished compulsory military service and created a small "battalion-size" army of volunteers who served 3-year enlistments.[173]
Jayne Mansfield, 34, American film and stage actress, was killed along with her friend, Sam Brody, and Ronnie Harrison, the driver of the car in which she was riding. At about 1:00 in the morning, Mansfield's car came around a narrow curve on U.S. Highway 90 and crashed underneath a commercial truck that had slowed down behind another vehicle. Mansfield was 23 miles (37 km) from
New Orleans, where she had been scheduled to appear on a noon television program. Although she was not
decapitated, as would first be reported, the top of her head was sheared off by the impact. Three of her children, who were sitting in the back of the car, were hospitalized with minor injuries.[174]
Primo Carnera, 60, Italian boxer and former world heavyweight champion; of cirrhosis of the liver
Moise Tshombe, the former president of Congolese
secessionist Katanga province and later prime minister of the
Democratic Republic of the Congo, was kidnapped to
Algeria,[175] where he would be held under house arrest for the rest of his life. Tshombe, who had lived in exile in
Spain since 1965, had been convicted by a court in
Leopoldvillein absentia for treason, and had been given a death sentence on March 12. Persuaded to invest in the purchase of land in Spain, Tshombe boarded a
Hawker Siddeley air taxi for a 10-minute flight from
Ibiza to
Palma de Majorca, along with his two Spanish bodyguards, four other passengers, and the two British pilots. As the plane flew over the
Mediterranean Sea between the two islands, one of the passengers, French criminal Francis Bodenan, hijacked the aircraft at gunpoint and directed the pilots to an air base at
Boufarik.[176][177]
NASA, the American space agency, announced the selection of U.S. Air Force Major
Robert H. Lawrence Jr. as the first African-American astronaut.[179] Less than six months later, however, Lawrence would be killed while training a pilot to fly an
F-104 Starfighter jet.
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^"'Flag-Burning' Bill Doesn't Include Burning", Indianapolis Star, June 21, 1967, p6
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^Gilly Pickup, What the British Invented: From the Great to the Downright Bonkers (Amberley Publishing Ltd., 2015)
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