Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of
chromosomes in
humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 96 million
base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in
cells.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 16. Because researchers use different approaches to
genome annotation their predictions of the
number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see
gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (
CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g.
Ensembl,
UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 16 in three different resolutions (400,[13] 550[14] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[15] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the
mitotic process.[16]
G-bands of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs[17]
^For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article
locus.
^
abThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013).
Arbitrary unit.
^gpos: Region which is positively stained by
G banding, generally
AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally
CG-rich and gene rich; acenCentromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.
Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". Genet Test. 3 (2): 243–54.
doi:
10.1089/gte.1999.3.243.
PMID10464676.
Miller, David T; Nasir, Ramzi; Sobeih, Magdi M; Shen, Yiping; Wu, Bai-Lin; Hanson, Ellen (2011-10-27).
"16p11.2 Recurrent Microdeletion". 16p11.2 Microdeletion. University of Washington, Seattle.
PMID20301775. NBK11167. In Adam MP, Everman DB, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A (1993). Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, et al. (eds.).
GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle.
PMID20301295.
Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of
chromosomes in
humans. People normally have two copies of this chromosome. Chromosome 16 spans about 96 million
base pairs (the building material of DNA) and represents just under 3% of the total DNA in
cells.
Genes
Number of genes
The following are some of the gene count estimates of human chromosome 16. Because researchers use different approaches to
genome annotation their predictions of the
number of genes on each chromosome varies (for technical details, see
gene prediction). Among various projects, the collaborative consensus coding sequence project (
CCDS) takes an extremely conservative strategy. So CCDS's gene number prediction represents a lower bound on the total number of human protein-coding genes.[4]
G-banding ideogram of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs. Band length in this diagram is proportional to base-pair length. This type of ideogram is generally used in genome browsers (e.g.
Ensembl,
UCSC Genome Browser).
G-banding patterns of human chromosome 16 in three different resolutions (400,[13] 550[14] and 850[3]). Band length in this diagram is based on the ideograms from ISCN (2013).[15] This type of ideogram represents actual relative band length observed under a microscope at the different moments during the
mitotic process.[16]
G-bands of human chromosome 16 in resolution 850 bphs[17]
^For cytogenetic banding nomenclature, see article
locus.
^
abThese values (ISCN start/stop) are based on the length of bands/ideograms from the ISCN book, An International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (2013).
Arbitrary unit.
^gpos: Region which is positively stained by
G banding, generally
AT-rich and gene poor; gneg: Region which is negatively stained by G banding, generally
CG-rich and gene rich; acenCentromere. var: Variable region; stalk: Stalk.
Gilbert F (1999). "Disease genes and chromosomes: disease maps of the human genome. Chromosome 16". Genet Test. 3 (2): 243–54.
doi:
10.1089/gte.1999.3.243.
PMID10464676.
Miller, David T; Nasir, Ramzi; Sobeih, Magdi M; Shen, Yiping; Wu, Bai-Lin; Hanson, Ellen (2011-10-27).
"16p11.2 Recurrent Microdeletion". 16p11.2 Microdeletion. University of Washington, Seattle.
PMID20301775. NBK11167. In Adam MP, Everman DB, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Gripp KW, Amemiya A (1993). Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, et al. (eds.).
GeneReviews [Internet]. Seattle WA: University of Washington, Seattle.
PMID20301295.