June 23 – France is successful in the
siege of Thionville in the Duchy of Luxembourg and recovers the fortress from the Spanish Empire after an operation that began on April 17 and lasted more than two months.
July–September
July 9 – The Ottoman Empire, with 15,000 troops and 150 warships, besieges the Spanish garrison at
Ciutadella de Menorca at Spain's Balearic Islands. When the town falls on July 17, the 3,099 surviving inhabitants are sold into slavery.[4]
November 15 – The five
Canterbury Martyrs, three men and two women, are burned at the stake, becoming the last of 312 Protestants put to death for
heresy during the reign of England's last Roman Catholic ruler,
Queen Mary.[8] Queen Mary dies two days later, bringing an end to her campaign. During the final year of Mary's reign, 49 Protestants are burned at the stake and three others die in prison while awaiting execution.
November 17 – Queen Mary, a devout Roman
Catholic dies of uterine cancer at the age of 42, and is succeeded by her younger half-sister
Elizabeth, an adherent to the Protestant
Church of England, beginning the
Elizabethan era in British history.
December 5 – Less than three weeks of becoming Queen of England, Elizabeth summons the members of the
English Parliament with orders to assemble at Westminster on January 23. Under Elizabeth's agenda, the Parliament is charged with restoring the laws passed at the beginning of the
English Reformation, and repealing the reforms made during the reign of Queen Mary.
^J. W. Ruuth (1958). "Kaupungin perustamiskirje". Porin kaupungin historia II (in Finnish). City of Pori. p. 269.
^Lucinda H. S. Dean, 'In the Absence of an Adult Monarch', Medieval and Early Modern Representations of Authority in Scotland and the British Isles (Routledge, 2016), p. 155.
June 23 – France is successful in the
siege of Thionville in the Duchy of Luxembourg and recovers the fortress from the Spanish Empire after an operation that began on April 17 and lasted more than two months.
July–September
July 9 – The Ottoman Empire, with 15,000 troops and 150 warships, besieges the Spanish garrison at
Ciutadella de Menorca at Spain's Balearic Islands. When the town falls on July 17, the 3,099 surviving inhabitants are sold into slavery.[4]
November 15 – The five
Canterbury Martyrs, three men and two women, are burned at the stake, becoming the last of 312 Protestants put to death for
heresy during the reign of England's last Roman Catholic ruler,
Queen Mary.[8] Queen Mary dies two days later, bringing an end to her campaign. During the final year of Mary's reign, 49 Protestants are burned at the stake and three others die in prison while awaiting execution.
November 17 – Queen Mary, a devout Roman
Catholic dies of uterine cancer at the age of 42, and is succeeded by her younger half-sister
Elizabeth, an adherent to the Protestant
Church of England, beginning the
Elizabethan era in British history.
December 5 – Less than three weeks of becoming Queen of England, Elizabeth summons the members of the
English Parliament with orders to assemble at Westminster on January 23. Under Elizabeth's agenda, the Parliament is charged with restoring the laws passed at the beginning of the
English Reformation, and repealing the reforms made during the reign of Queen Mary.
^J. W. Ruuth (1958). "Kaupungin perustamiskirje". Porin kaupungin historia II (in Finnish). City of Pori. p. 269.
^Lucinda H. S. Dean, 'In the Absence of an Adult Monarch', Medieval and Early Modern Representations of Authority in Scotland and the British Isles (Routledge, 2016), p. 155.