Twin Towns

Twin Towns that have been completed and table of Twin Towns by country and by region.

Connacht

County Galway

Galway City

• Galway

Aalborg, North Jutland Region, Denmark (1997) ^[1]

Auckland, Auckland Region, New Zealand (2002) ^[1]

Bradford, England, United Kingdom (1986) ^[1]

Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (1994) ^{[1] [2]}

Chicago, Illinois, United States (1997) ^{[1] [2]}

Lorient, Brittany, France (1975) ^[1]

Menlo Park, California, United States (2015) ^[1]

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States (2001) ^{[1] [2]}

Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada (2002) ^[1]

Qingdao, Shandong Province, China (1999) ^[1]

Seattle, Washington, United States (1986) ^{[1] [2]}

Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom (2012) ^[1]

St. Louis, Missouri, United States (1977) ^{[1] [2]}

Galway County

• Athenry

Quimperlé, Brittany, France (2004) ^[3]

Renews-Cappahayden, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2013) ^[4]

• Ballinasloe

Chalonnes-sur-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France (1991) ^[5]

• Ballymoe

Boys Town, Nebraska, United States (2002) ^{[2] [6]}

• Clifden

Coyoacán, Mexico City, Mexico (2012) ^[7]

• Headford

Le Faouët, Brittany, France ^[8]

Morgan Hill, California, United States ^[9]

• Oranmore

Clohars-Fouesnant, Brittany, France (2012) ^[10]

• Tuam

Straubing, Bavaria, Germany (1984) ^{[11] [12]}

County Leitrim

• Carrick-on-Shannon

Cesson-Sévigné, Brittany, France (1999) ^[13]

• Drumshanbo

Locquirec, Brittany, France (1997) ^[14]

County Roscommon

• County Roscommon

Tucson, Arizona, United States ^[2]

• Roscommon

Chartrettes, Île-de-France, France (1998) ^[15]

County Sligo

• Sligo

Crozon, Brittany, France (1985) ^[16]

Everett, Washington, United States ^[17]

Kempten, Bavaria, Germany (1990) ^{[11] [18]}

Tallahassee, Florida, United States (1995) ^{[2] [19]}

Leinster

County Carlow

• County Carlow

Davenport, Iowa, United States (2006) ^{[20] [21]}

• Carlow

Dole, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France ^[20]

Northwich, England, United Kingdom ^[20]

Tempe, Arizona, United States (1998) ^{[2] [20] [22]}

• Hacketstown

Hackettstown, New Jersey, United States (1995) ^[23]

• Muine Bheag

Pont-Péan, Brittany, France (2000) ^[24]

County Dublin

Dublin City

• Dublin

Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (1998) ^[25]

Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China (2010) ^[25]

Liverpool, England, United Kingdom (1997) ^[25]

Nablus, Nablus Governorate, Palestine ^{[26] [27]}

San Jose, California, United States (1986) ^{[2] [25]}

Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown

• County Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown

Anglesey, Wales, United Kingdom (1987) ^{[28] [29]}

Brest, Brittany, France (1984) ^[28]

Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China (2013) ^[28]

Izumo, Shimane Prefecture, Japan (2008) ^[28]

• Blackrock

Vincennes, Île-de-France, France (2019) ^[30]

Fingal

• Balbriggan

Belmar, New Jersey, United States (2008) ^[31]

Sankt Wendel, Saarland, Germany (2008) ^[32]

• Balrothery

Landéan, Brittany, France (1995) ^[33]

• Loughshinny

Quistinic, Brittany, France (1993) ^[34]

• Lusk

Thorigné-Fouillard, Brittany, France (1993) ^[35]

• Rush

Gourin, Brittany, France ^[36]

San Mauro Castelverde, Sicily, Italy ^[37]

• Skerries

Guichen, Brittany, France (1994) ^[38]

• Swords

Ozoir-la-Ferrière, Île-de-France, France (1991) ^[39]

South Dublin

• County South Dublin

Brent, England, United Kingdom (1997) ^[40]

Tampa, Florida, United States (2015) ^[41]

• Rathcoole

École-Valentin, Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France (2000) ^[42]

County Meath

• County Meath

Cary, North Carolina, United States (2001) ^{[2] [43]}

Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (2014) ^[43]

• Ashbourne

Corcubión, Galicia, Spain (2017) ^[43]

• Athboy

Automne Villages ^a, Hauts-de-France, France (2000) ^{[43] [44]}

• Kells

Iona, Scotland, United Kingdom ^[43]

• Navan

Bobbio, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2003) ^[43]

Broccostella, Lazio, Italy (2006) ^[43]

• Oldcastle

Tecumseh, Ontario, Canada (2009) ^[43]

• Trim

Étrépagny, Normandy, France (1989) ^[43]

County Offaly

• Tullamore

Chandler, Arizona, United States (2009) ^[45]

County Westmeath

• Athlone

Châteaubriant, Pays de la Loire, France (1995) ^[46]

County Wexford

• County Wexford

Yanga, Veracruz, Mexico ^[47]

• Enniscorthy

Gimont, Occitanie, France (1992) ^[48]

• Ferns

Yelm, Washington, United States (1996) ^[49]

• Gorey

Oban, Scotland, United Kingdom ^{[48] [50]}

• New Ross

Hartford, Connecticut, United States ^[2]

Moncoutant, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France ^[51]

Newcastle, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1985) ^[52]

• Wexford

Annapolis, Maryland, United States (1993) ^{[2] [53] [54]}

Couëron, Pays de la Loire, France (1982) ^{[53] [55]}

Lugo, Emilia-Romagna, Italy (2013) ^[53]

County Wicklow

• County Wicklow

Hainan Province, China (2017) ^[56]

Seminole County, Florida, United States (1991) ^[57]

Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999) ^{[56] [58]}

• Arklow

Aberystwyth, Wales, United Kingdom (2016) ^[59]

Châteaudun, Centre-Val de Loire, France (1983) ^{[56] [60]}

• Avoca

Bromham, England, United Kingdom (1997) ^[61]

• Bray

Bègles, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1994) ^{[56] [62]}

Dublin, California, United States (1987) ^{[2] [56] [63] [64]}

Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany (1999) ^{[11] [56] [65]}

• Greystones

Holyhead, Wales, United Kingdom (2012) ^{[56] [66]}

• Laragh/ Glendalough

Otročiněves, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic (2008) ^[67]

• Roundwood

Spézet, Brittany, France (1986) ^[68]

• Wicklow

Eichenzell, Hesse, Germany (2011) ^{[11] [56] [69]}

Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Île-de-France, France (1993) ^{[56] [70]}

Porthmadog, Wales, United Kingdom (2006) ^{[56] [71]}

Munster

County Cork

Cork City

• Ballincollig

Mechterstädt, Thuringia, Germany (2004) ^{[11] [72] [73]}

Saclay, Île-de-France, France (1994) ^{[72] [73]}

• Cork

Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (1988) ^{[11] [72] [74]}

Coventry, England, United Kingdom (1958) ^{[72] [74]}

Kaliningrad, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia ^[75]

Rennes, Brittany, France (1982) ^{[72] [74]}

San Francisco, California, United States (1984) ^{[2] [72] [74]}

Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom (1994) ^{[72] [74]}

Shanghai, Shanghai Municipality, China (2005) ^{[72] [74]}

Cork County

• County Cork

Cook County, Illinois, United States (1999) ^[72]

• Ballydehob

Cléden-Cap-Sizun, Brittany, France (1999) ^[76]

• Ballymakeera

Lanrivain, Brittany, France (1985) ^[77]

• Ballyvourney

Trémargat, Brittany, France (1985) ^[77]

• Bandon

Bandon, Oregon, United States ^[78]

• Bantry

La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States (2005) ^{[72] [79]}

Pont-l'Abbé, Brittany, France (1983) ^{[72] [80]}

• Carrigaline

Guidel, Brittany, France (1987) ^{[72] [81]}

Kirchseeon, Bavaria, Germany (2015) ^[81]

• Charleville

Plouaret/ Le Vieux-Marché, Brittany, France (1996) ^[82]

• Clonakilty

Châteaulin, Brittany, France (1986) ^{[72] [83]}

Waldaschaff, Bavaria, Germany (1989) ^{[11] [72] [84]}

• Cobh

Cruzeiro, São Paulo, Brazil ^[85]

Kolbuszowa, Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland (2002) ^{[85] [86]}

Lake Charles, Louisiana, United States (2008) ^{[85] [87]}

Pontarddulais, Wales, United Kingdom ^{[85] [88]}

Ploërmel, Brittany, France (1984) ^{[85] [89]}

• Coolea

Peumerit-Quintin, Brittany, France (1985) ^[77]

• Dunmanway

Quéven, Brittany, France (1987) ^[90]

• Fermoy

Ploemeur, Brittany, France (1982) ^{[72] [91]}

• Kilnamartyra

Kergrist-Moëlou, Brittany, France (1985) ^[77]

• Kinsale

Antibes, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France (1990) ^[92]

Mumbles, Wales, United Kingdom (1992) ^[92]

Newport, Rhode Island, United States (1999) ^{[92] [93]}

• Macroom

Bubry, Brittany, France (1980) ^{[72] [94]}

Marcallo con Casone, Lombardy, Italy (2002) ^{[72] [94]}

• Mallow

Tinley Park, Illinois, United States (2002) ^{[2] [72] [95]}

Tréguier, Brittany, France (1990) ^{[72] [96]}

• Millstreet

Pommerit-le-Vicomte, Brittany, France (1985) ^[97]

• Passage West

Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1997) ^[98]

• Skibbereen/ Baltimore

Penmarch, Brittany, France ^[72]

County Kerry

• Beaufort

Beaufort, North Carolina, United States ^[2]

• Castleisland

Bannalec, Brittany, France (2007) ^[99]

• Dingle Peninsula

Tolfa, Lazio, Italy (1998) ^[100]

West Springfield, Massachusetts, United States (2017) ^[101]

• Killarney

Casperia, Lazio, Italy (2017) ^[102]

Castiglione di Sicilia, Sicily, Italy (1986) ^[99]

Concord, North Carolina, United States (1993) ^{[2] [99]}

Cooper City, Florida, United States (2003) ^[99]

Kendal, England, United Kingdom (2004) ^[99]

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, United States (2007) ^[99]

Pleinfeld, Bavaria, Germany (2007) ^[99]

Saint-Avertin, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2004) ^[99]

Scottsdale, Arizona, United States (2017) ^[102]

Springfield, Illinois, United States (1996) ^[99]

Staffanstorp, Scania, Sweden (2008) ^[99]

• Killorglin

Plouha, Brittany, France (1999) ^[103]

• Listowel

Downpatrick, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom (1981) ^[104]

Los Gatos, California, United States (1994) ^[105]

Panissières, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France (1992) ^[106]

Shawnee, Kansas, United States (1985) ^[107]

• Tralee

Beit Sahour, Bethlehem Governorate, Palestine (2019) ^[108]

Holyoke, Massachusetts, United States (2017) ^[109]

Springfield, Massachusetts, United States ^[110]

Westlake, Ohio, United States (2009) ^[111]

County Limerick

• County Limerick

Hohenlohe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany (1990) ^{[11] [112]}

New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States (1999) ^{[2] [112] [113]}

• Adare

Buchloe, Bavaria, Germany ^[113]

Buckow, Brandenburg, Germany (2015) ^[114]

Villecresnes, Île-de-France, France (2013) ^[112]

• Ballylanders

Wyandotte County, Kansas, United States (2009) ^[112]

• Cappamore

Langonnet, Brittany, France ^[113]

• Limerick

A Coruña, Galicia, Spain ^[112]

Birmingham, England, United Kingdom ^[112]

Boston, Massachusetts, United States (2016) ^[113]

Kansas City, Kansas, United States ^[113]

Limerick Township, Pennsylvania, United States ^[113]

Lowell, Massachusetts, United States ^[113]

Quimper, Brittany, France (1981) ^{[112] [113] [115]}

Santa Clara, California, United States (2014) ^[112]

Spokane, Washington, United States (1990) ^{[2] [112] [113]}

Starogard Gdański, Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland ^[112]

• Murroe

Évry-Grégy-sur-Yerre, Île-de-France, France (1996) ^[112]

County Waterford

• Ardmore

Abbotskerswell, England, United Kingdom (1996) ^[116]

Le Pré-d'Auge/ Les Monceaux, Normandy, France (1996) ^[116]

• Dungarvan

Erie, Pennsylvania, United States (2007) ^[117]

• Lismore

Lismore, New South Wales, Australia (2000) ^[118]

• Waterford

Rochester, New York, United States (1983) ^{[2] [119]}

Saint-Herblain, Pays de la Loire, United States (1982) ^{[120] [121]}

St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (2002) ^[122]

Ulster

County Cavan

• Cavan

Jaunay-Clan, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France (1989) ^[123]

County Donegal

• Arranmore

Beaver Island, Michigan, United States ^[124]

• Ballyshannon

Grenay, Hauts-de-France, France (2008) ^[125]

Séné, Brittany, France (1991) ^[125]

• Buncrana

Campbellsville, Kentucky, United States ^[126]

Fréhel/ Plévenon, Brittany, France ^[127]

• Bundoran

Agros, Limassol District, Cyprus (2011) ^[128]

Altea, Valencian Community, Spain (1991) ^[128]

Asikkala, Päijät-Häme, Finland (2016) ^[128]

Bad Kötzting, Bavaria, Germany (1991) ^{[11] [128]}

Bellagio, Lombardy, Italy (1991) ^[128]

Chojna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland (2004) ^[128]

Granville, Normandy, France (1991) ^[128]

Holstebro, Central Denmark Region, Denmark (1991) ^[128]

Houffalize, Wallonia, Belgium (1991) ^[128]

Judenburg, Styria, Austria (1999) ^[128]

Kőszeg, Vas County, Hungary (2004) ^[128]

Marsaskala, Marsaskala, Malta (2009) ^[128]

Meerssen, Limburg, Netherlands (1991) ^[128]

Niederanven, Luxembourg, Luxembourg (1991) ^[128]

Oxelösund, Södermanland County, Sweden (1998) ^[128]

Preveza, Epirus, Greece (1991) ^[128]

Rokiškis, Panevėžys County, Lithuania (2018) ^[128]

Rovinj, Istria County, Croatia (2016) ^[128]

Sesimbra, Setúbal District, Portugal (1991) ^[128]

Sherborne, England, United Kingdom (1991) ^[128]

Sigulda, Sigulda Municipality, Latvia (2004) ^[128]

Siret, Suceava County, Romania (2010) ^[128]

Škofja Loka, Upper Carniola, Slovenia (2011) ^[128]

Sušice, Plzeň Region, Czech Republic (2004) ^[128]

Tryavna, Gabrovo Province, Bulgaria (2011) ^[128]

Türi, Järva County, Estonia (2004) ^[128]

Zvolen, Banská Bystrica Region, Slovakia (2007) ^[128]

• Letterkenny

Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, United States (2002) ^[129]

Rudolstadt, Thuringia, Germany (2018) ^[130]

County Monaghan

• County Monaghan

Cavan Monaghan, Ontario, Canada ^[131]

Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992) ^{[131] [132]}

Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada (1999) ^{[131] [132]}

Peterborough, Ontario, Canada ^{[131] [132]}

Prince Edward Island, Canada (1994) ^{[131] [132]}

• Ballybay

Osterhofen, Bavaria, Germany (2000) ^{[132] [133]}

• Carrickmacross

Carhaix-Plouguer, Brittany, France (1996) ^{[132] [134]}

• Castleblayney

Marseillan, Occitanie, France (2013) ^{[132] [135]}

Nogent-sur-Vernisson, Centre-Val de Loire, France (2006) ^[136]

• Tydavnet

Geel, Flanders, Belgium (1992) ^{[132] [137]}

Notes

a. ^ The Automne Villages are Béthancourt-en-Valois, Feigneux, Fresnoy-la-Rivière, Gilocourt, Glaignes, Morienval, Orrouy, Russy-Bémont and Sery-Magneval. ^[44]

References

External links

• European Commission Information

Ireland Towns (twin)

Senators

Senators for the Administrative Panel
Key to parties   CnaT = Clann na Talmhan   FF = Fianna Fáil   FG = Fine Gael   Lab = Labour   NPD = National Progressive Democrats   SF = Sinn Féin   Ind = Independent
Sen	Election	Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)
2nd	1938		Christopher Byrne ( FF)		Thomas Condon ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		John Newcome ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Margaret Mary Pearse ( FF)		Thomas Ruane ( FF)		Richard Mulcahy ( FG)		Michael Hayes ( FG)
3rd	1938				James McGee [a] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Denis Healy ( FF)						Desmond FitzGerald ( FG)
4th	1943		Joseph Hannigan ( Independent politicians in Ireland)						Michael Hearne ( FF)		Richard Walsh ( FF)		Edward Monahan ( FG)
5th	1944		Andrew Clarkin ( FF)								Seán Goulding ( FF)		Thomas Ruane ( FF)
6th	1948		John Finan ( CnaT)				Patrick Fitzsimons ( Independent politicians in Ireland)						Margaret Mary Pearse ( FF)		Jeremiah Ryan ( FG)
7th	1951		James J. McCrea ( Lab)								Patrick Teehan [b] ( FF)		Thomas Ruane ( FF)		Michael J. O'Higgins ( FG)
8th	1954		Louis Walsh ( Independent politicians in Ireland)				Margaret Mary Pearse ( FF)		John L. O'Sullivan ( FG)						Gerry L'Estrange ( FG)
	1956				William Woods [c] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
9th	1957		John O'Leary [d] ( Lab)		Patrick Fitzsimons ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Patrick Connor ( FG)
	1960		Gerard B. Dillon [e] ( FF)								John J. Brennan [f] ( FF)
10th	1961		Cornelius Desmond ( Lab)				Seán Brady ( FF)		Liam Ahern ( FF)		Thomas J. Fitzpatrick ( FG)
11th	1965		Jack McQuillan ( NPD)				Kieran Egan ( FF)				Patrick Teehan ( FF)		Éamon Rooney ( FG)		Patrick O'Reilly ( FG)
12th	1969		Patrick Norton ( FF)				Jack Garrett [g] ( FF)				Patrick Malone [h] ( FG)		Richard Belton ( FG)		Patrick J. Reynolds ( FG)
	1970										Seán Keegan [i] ( FF)
13th	1973		Bernard McGlinchey ( FF)		Seán Brosnan [j] ( FF)				Philip Burton ( FG)				Andy O'Brien ( FG)		Thomas Kilbride ( FG)
	1975				Micheál Prendergast [k] ( FG)
14th	1977		Michael P. Kitt ( FF)		Micheál Cranitch ( FF)				Tras Honan ( FF)		Liam Burke [l] ( FG)		Myles Staunton ( FG)
	1977						Michael Donnelly [m] ( FF)
	1980										Jim Doolan ( FF)
15th	1981		Flor O'Mahony ( Lab)				Jimmy Leonard ( FF)				Patrick Kennedy ( FG)				Katharine Bulbulia ( FG)
16th	1982						Sean Conway ( FF)				Luke Belton ( FG)		Billy Kenneally ( FF)
17th	1983				Michael Lynch ( FF)		Martin O'Donoghue ( FF)						Patrick Kennedy ( FG)
18th	1987		Michael Doherty ( FF)		Seán Haughey ( FF)		Mary Wallace ( FF)				Joe Doyle ( FG)
19th	1989		Joe Costello ( Lab)				Michael Finneran ( FF)				Seán Doherty ( FF)				Tom Raftery ( FG)
20th	1993		Jan O'Sullivan ( Lab)		Michael O'Kennedy ( FF)				Dick Roche ( FF)		Joe Doyle ( FG)		Tom Enright ( FG)		Louis Belton ( FG)
21st	1997		Joe Costello ( Lab)		Camillus Glynn ( FF)				Tony Kett [n] ( FF)				Fintan Coogan Jnr ( FG)		Fergus O'Dowd ( FG)
22nd	2002		Joanna Tuffy ( Lab)				Diarmuid Wilson ( FF)				Timmy Dooley ( FF)		Joe McHugh ( FG)		Frank Feighan ( FG)
23rd	2007		Brendan Ryan ( Lab)								Mark Daly ( FF)		Paschal Donohoe ( FG)		Nicky McFadden ( FG)
	2009								James Carroll [o] ( FF)
24th	2011		John Kelly ( Lab)		Denis Landy ( Lab)				Michael D'Arcy ( FG)				Tom Sheahan ( FG)		Martin Conway ( FG)
25th	2016		Niall Ó Donnghaile ( SF)		Kevin Humphreys ( Lab)				John Dolan ( Independent politicians in Ireland)				Maura Hopkins ( FG)
26th	2020				Rebecca Moynihan ( Lab)				Fiona O'Loughlin ( FF)				Garret Ahearn ( FG)

Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns.

Notes

TDs

Dáil	Election	Deputy (Party)		Deputy (Party)		Deputy (Party)		Deputy (Party)		Deputy (Party)
4th	1923		James Everett (Lab)		Richard Wilson (FP)		Christopher Byrne (CnaG)	3 seats 1923–1981
5th	1927 (Jun)				Séamus Moore (FF)		Dermot O'Mahony (CnaG)
6th	1927 (Sep)
7th	1932
8th	1933
9th	1937						Dermot O'Mahony (FG)
10th	1938						Patrick Cogan (Ind)
11th	1943				Christopher Byrne (FF)		Patrick Cogan (CnaT)
12th	1944		James Everett (NLP)		Thomas Brennan (FF)
13th	1948						Patrick Cogan (Ind)
14th	1951		James Everett (Lab)
	1953 by-election				Mark Deering (FG)
15th	1954						Paudge Brennan (FF)
16th	1957				James O'Toole (FF)
17th	1961				Michael O'Higgins (FG)
18th	1965
	1968 by-election		Godfrey Timmins (FG)
19th	1969				Liam Kavanagh (Lab)
20th	1973						Ciarán Murphy (FF)
21st	1977
22nd	1981								Paudge Brennan (FF)	4 seats 1981–1992
23rd	1982 (Feb)								Gemma Hussey (FG)
24th	1982 (Nov)						Paudge Brennan (FF)
25th	1987		Dick Roche (FF)				Joe Jacob (FF)
26th	1989								Godfrey Timmins (FG)
27th	1992		Liz McManus (DL)								Johnny Fox (Ind)
	1995 by-election										Mildred Fox (Ind)
28th	1997				Dick Roche (FF)				Billy Timmins (FG)
29th	2002		Liz McManus (Lab)
30th	2007						Andrew Doyle (FG)				Joe Behan (FF)
31st	2011		Anne Ferris (Lab)		Stephen Donnelly (Ind)						Simon Harris (FG)
32nd	2016		John Brady (SF)		Stephen Donnelly (SD)				Pat Casey (FF)
33rd	2020				Stephen Donnelly (FF)		Jennifer Whitmore (SD)		Steven Matthews (GP)

Constituency profile

The constituency comprises some of the most diverse geography differences in the country, stretching from large urban areas in the north east to small rural villages in the south west, divided by mountains running down the centre of the constituency. Wicklow is the county capital while Bray is by far the largest town in the constituency. The counting of votes during elections takes place in Greystones.

Left of centre parties tend to perform better in the north east areas of the constituency, such as Bray, Greystones and Newtownmountkennedy. Right of centre parties tend perform better in more rural parts of the constituency, especially in the south and west.

3 of the current 5 TD's represent left of centre parties while another current TD, Stephen Donnelly of Fianna Fáil, was previously elected in the constituency for a left of centre party. Both Donnelly of Fianna Fáil and Simon Harris of Fine Gael are also considered to be on the more progressive wings of their respective parties. All of the constituencies current TD's are based in either Bray or Greystones.

As a whole, the county and constituency of Wicklow is the most progressive and left leaning one in the country outside of Dublin. Wicklow had the highest vote for yes outside of Dublin in both the 2015 Marriage Equality Referendum and the 2018 Abortion Referendum, as well as the highest percentage vote for yes for a county outside of Dublin.

Constituency profile

The constituency comprises Ballyfermot, Bluebell, Crumlin, Drimnagh, Dolphin's Barn, the Liberties, Chapelizod, Walkinstown and parts of Terenure on the fringes. The largest employers in the area are the Guinness Brewery and St. James's Hospital. Dubbed the " People's republic of Dublin South-Central, ^[1] the constituency is one of the country's most left-wing, with all of the TDs from centre-left or left-wing parties. ^[2] Both Labour Party TDs elected in 2011 had previously been members of other left-wing parties: Eric Byrne was a former member of the Workers' Party of Ireland and Democratic Left, and Michael Conaghan had stood in a number of elections for Jim Kemmy's Democratic Socialist Party.

Constituency profile

By geographical area, Dublin South-East was the smallest constituency in the country. It had a diverse socio-economic profile and a large transient population which is reflected in the turnout: the constituency had one of the lowest turnouts in the country in 2007 and 2011. ^{[3] [4]}

Notable Dublin South-East TDs include former Taoisigh John A. Costello and Garret FitzGerald, the former leader of the Progressive Democrats Michael McDowell, maverick left-wing politician Noël Browne and former Minister of Education Ruairi Quinn (who has the distinction of being its longest-serving, first elected in 1977 and continuously elected since February 1982). The former President of Ireland, Mary McAleese, unsuccessfully contested the constituency for Fianna Fáil in 1987.

The 'Rumble in Ranelagh' is a term used by Irish journalists to describe an open argument that took place between candidates Michael McDowell and John Gormley in Ranelagh, while canvassing in the 2007 general election. Gormley twice defeated McDowell to take the last seat, in 1997 and again in 2007, both times by relatively small margins. The 1997 result led to a mammoth recount, the longest in Irish political history, before McDowell conceded defeat.

Senators

Senators nominated by the Taoiseach
Key to parties   CnaP = Clann na Poblachta   CnaT = Clann na Talmhan   DL = Democratic Left   FF = Fianna Fáil   FG = Fine Gael   GP = Green   IFF = Independent Fianna Fáil   Lab = Labour   PDs = Progressive Democrats   Independent politicians in Ireland = Independent politicians in Ireland
Sen	Year	Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)		Senator (Party)
2nd	1938		Robert Farnan ( FF)		T. V. Honan ( FF)		Douglas Hyde [a] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		John Keane ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Margaret L. Kennedy ( FF)		Peadar Mac Fhionnlaoich [b] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		William Magennis [c] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Frank MacDermot ( FF)		Maurice Moore [d] ( FF)		David Robinson ( FF)		Matthew Stafford ( FF)
	1938						Patrick Keohane [e] [f] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
3rd	1938
	1939																		Liam Ó Buachalla ( FF)
	1940						Laurence O'Neill ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
	1942												Pádraic Ó Máille [g] ( FF)
4th	1943						Seán Campbell ( Lab)										Peter O'Loghlen ( FF)				Margaret Mary Pearse ( FF)
5th	1944																Thomas Foran ( Lab)
	1946												Edward Pakenham ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
6th	1948		George Bennett ( FG)		Eleanor Butler ( Lab)		James Douglas ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Denis Ireland ( CnaP)		Patrick McCartan ( CnaP)		James McCrea ( Lab)		Edward McGuire ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Séamus O'Farrell ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Edward Richards-Orpen ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Edmund Sweetman ( FG)		Patrick Woulfe ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
7th	1951		Robert Farnan ( FF)		T. V. Honan ( FF)		Daniel Corkery ( FF)		Seán Goulding ( FF)		Joseph Johnston ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Eamonn Kissane ( FF)		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Seán O'Donovan ( FF)		Seán O'Grady ( FF)		Margaret Mary Pearse ( FF)		Michael Yeats ( FF)
8th	1954		Patrick Bergin ( Lab)		Arthur Cox ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		James Douglas [h] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Henry Guinness ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Michael Hayes ( FG)		James Hickey ( Lab)		John Meighan ( CnaT)		Frank O'Donnell ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Patrick O'Gorman ( FG)		James Reidy ( FG)		James Tunney ( Lab)
	1954						John Douglas ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
9th	1957		Robert Farnan ( FF)		Seán Brady ( FF)		Nora Connolly O'Brien ( FF)		John Copeland Cole ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Seán Moylan [i] ( FF)		Thomas Mullins ( FF)		Pádraig Ó Siochfhradha [j] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Seán O'Donovan ( FF)		Seán O'Grady ( FF)		Margaret Mary Pearse [k] ( FF)		Laurence Walsh ( FF)
	1958										Louis Walsh ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
10th	1961		John J. Brennan ( FF)		Gus Healy ( FF)						Joe Mooney ( FF)								Tom Nolan ( FF)				William Sheldon ( Independent politicians in Ireland)
	1964														Kit Ahern ( FF)
11th	1965		Gerald Boland ( FF)		Joseph Lenehan ( FF)						James Ryan ( FF)								Michael Yeats ( FF)
	1968																				Farrell McElgunn ( FF)
12th	1969		John J. Brennan ( FF)		Micheál Cranitch ( FF)		Brendan Crinion ( FF)		Peggy Farrell ( FF)		Thomas Flanagan ( Independent politicians in Ireland)				Michael Gallanagh ( FF)		Neville Keery ( FF)		Terence O'Sullivan ( FF)
13th	1973		John Blennerhassett ( FG)		Austin Deasy [l] ( FG)		Benjamin Guinness ( FG)		Brendan Halligan [m] ( Lab)		Michael D. Higgins ( Lab)		Patrick Kerrigan [l] ( Lab)		Patrick W. McGrath ( FG)		Michael Mullen ( Lab)		Michael J. O'Higgins ( FG)		Paddy O'Toole [l] ( FG)		James Sanfey ( FG)
	1976								Ruairi Quinn ( Lab)
	1977				Liam Burke ( FG)								Frank King ( Lab)								Martin Finn ( FG)
14th	1977		Séamus Brennan [n] ( FF)		Séamus de Brún ( FF)		Eileen Cassidy ( FF)		Valerie Goulding ( FF)		Mary Harney [n] ( FF)		Valentine Jago ( FF)		Gordon Lambert ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Bernard McGlinchey ( FF)		Noel Mulcahy ( FF)		T. K. Whitaker ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Michael Yeats [o] ( FF)
	1980																						Jim Ruttle ( FF)
	1981		P. J. Mara ( FF)								Joseph O'Neill ( FF)
15th	1981		Ulick Burke ( FG)		John F. Carroll ( Lab)		Timmy Conway ( Lab)		Jim Dooge ( FG)		Paddy Dunne ( Lab)		Robert Fausset ( FG)		Jim Higgins ( FG)		Miriam Kearney ( FG)		Pat Magner ( Lab)				Seán O'Leary ( FG)
16th	1982		John Robb ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Seamus Mallon ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		James Larkin ( IFF)		Paudge Brennan [p] ( FF)		Flor Crowley ( FF)		Camilla Hannon ( FF)		P. J. Mara ( FF)		Bernard McGlinchey ( FF)		M. J. Nolan [p] ( FF)		Ned O'Keeffe [p] ( FF)		G. V. Wright ( FF)
	1982								Aidan Eames ( FF)										Seán O'Connor ( FF)		Frank Wall ( FF)
17th	1983				Brendan Howlin [q] ( Lab)		Christy Kirwan ( Lab)		Pat Magner ( Lab)		Stephen McGonagle ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Bríd Rodgers ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		John Browne ( FG)		John Connor ( FG)		Jimmy Deenihan [q] ( FG)		Patrick Durcan ( FG)		Seán O'Leary ( FG)
	1987				Nuala Fennell ( FG)														Paddy O'Toole ( FG)
18th	1987				Éamon de Buitléar ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		George Eogan ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Brian Friel ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		John Magnier ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Séamus Cullimore [r] ( FF)		Tom McEllistrim [r] ( FF)		Jimmy Mulroy ( FF)		Vivian O'Callaghan ( FF)		John O'Connell [r] ( FF)		Nicholas O'Connor ( FF)
	1989												Michael Dawson ( FF)		Paul Kavanagh ( FF)						Frank McDonnell ( FF)
19th	1989		Olga Bennett ( FF)		Hugh Byrne [s] ( FF)		Mick Lanigan ( FF)		Tony McKenna ( FF)		Denis O'Donovan ( FF)		Donal Ormonde ( FF)		Eoin Ryan [s] ( FF)		G. V. Wright [t] ( FF)		Martin Cullen [s] ( PDs)		Helen Keogh [s] ( PDs)		John Dardis ( PDs)
	1992				Brendan Daly ( FF)										Pat Farrell ( FF)				Terry Leyden ( FF)		Dick Roche ( FF)
20th	1993		Bill Cashin ( Lab)		Jim Townsend ( Lab)		Pat Magner ( Lab)		Jack Wall ( Lab)		Gordon Wilson [u] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Sean Byrne ( FF)		Brian Crowley [v] ( FF)				Brian Hillery [w] ( FF)		Billy Kelleher [t] ( FF)		Marian McGennis [t] ( FF)
	1994														Edward Haughey ( FF)				Michael Mulcahy ( FF)
	1995										Brian Hayes [t] ( FG)
	1997								Niamh Bhreathnach ( Lab)		Michael Enright ( DL)						Tom Berkery ( FG)				Niamh Cosgrave ( FG)		Aidan O'Connor ( FG)
21st	1997		Maurice Hayes ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Enda Bonner ( FF)		Frank Chambers ( FF)		Tom Fitzgerald [x] ( FF)		Dermot Fitzpatrick [y] ( FF)		Ann Leonard ( FF)				John Dardis ( PDs)		Jim Gibbons ( PDs)		Helen Keogh [z] ( PDs)		Máirín Quill ( PDs)
	2002								Martin Mackin ( FF)		Mary O'Rourke [aa] ( FF)
22nd	2002				Cyprian Brady [aa] ( FF)		Brendan Kenneally [aa] ( FF)		Michael Kitt [aa] ( FF)				Michael Brennan [ab] ( FF)		Pat Moylan ( FF)				John Minihan ( PDs)		Tom Morrissey ( PDs)		Kate Walsh [ac] ( PDs)
	2007				Donie Cassidy ( FF)		Seán Dorgan ( FF)		Peter Sands ( FF)		Chris Wall ( FF)												Colm O'Gorman ( PDs)
23rd	2007		Dan Boyle ( GP)		Déirdre de Búrca [ad] ( GP)		Eoghan Harris ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Martin Brady ( FF)		Ivor Callely [ae] ( FF)		Maria Corrigan ( FF)		John Ellis ( FF)		Lisa McDonald ( FF)		Brian Ó Domhnaill ( FF)		Ciarán Cannon [af] ( PDs)		Fiona O'Malley [ag] ( PDs)
	2010				Mark Dearey ( GP)
	2011																				Darragh O'Brien [ah] ( FF)
24th	2011		Aideen Hayden ( Lab)		Lorraine Higgins ( Lab)		Mary Moran ( Lab)		Fiach Mac Conghail ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Marie-Louise O'Donnell ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Mary Ann O'Brien ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Jillian van Turnhout ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Katherine Zappone [ai] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Eamonn Coghlan [aj] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Martin McAleese [ak] ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Jim D'Arcy ( FG)
	2013																				Hildegarde Naughton [ai] ( FG)
25th	2016		Joan Freeman ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Colette Kelleher ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Billy Lawless ( Independent politicians in Ireland)		Pádraig Ó Céidigh ( Independent politicians in Ireland)				Ray Butler ( FG)		Paudie Coffey ( FG)		Frank Feighan [al] ( FG)		Michelle Mulherin ( FG)		John O'Mahony ( FG)		James Reilly ( FG)
	2020																Seán Kyne [am] ( FG)
26th	2020

Changes

List of major Irish racecourses

Horse Racing Ireland recognises the following racecourses: ^[10]

Races have previously been held under the Rules of Racing at a number of other locations. Races were held at Tralee until 2008, when the course was sold for redevelopment. ^{[11] [12]} Unaffiliated races are frequently held at many locations throughout the country. ^{[13] [14] [15] [16]}